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Return to the Moon pp 299–324Cite as

Humans: Roles in Space

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Abstract

Traditionally, “Space exploration” has implied both human and robotic exploration of the Moon, planets, and asteroids — that is, exploration of deep space. This is in contrast to other space activities that take advantage of both the weightless environment found in Earth orbit and the special benefits of observing the Earth and stars from that vantage point. Human activities in Earth orbit now have less to do with exploration and more to do with international responsibilities and commitments, as in the case of the International Space Station, and prestige and technological development, as in the case of certain efforts by the United States, Europe, China, India, and Russia. Unique and unexploited research opportunities, however, still exist in near-Earth space, but these have not been fully recognized even after half a century of repetitive access. For example, research initiatives in biomedicine and weightless manufacturing have yet to be undertaken in comprehensive ways.

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(2006). Humans: Roles in Space. In: Return to the Moon. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-31064-9_13

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