Skip to main content

Antioxidant Vitamins and Cardiovascular Disease: Randomized Trials Fail to Fulfill the Promises of Observational Epidemiology

  • Chapter
Antioxidants and Cardiovascular Disease

Part of the book series: Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine ((DICM,volume 258))

  • 979 Accesses

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Hennekens CH and Buring JE. Epidemiology in Medicine (MA: Little, Brown, & Co., Boston, 1987).

    Google Scholar 

  2. Hennekens CH and Buring JE. In: Clinical Trials in Cardiovascular Disease: A Companion to Braunwald’s Heart Disease, edited by CH Hennekens, JE Buring, PM Ridker, and JE Manson, WB Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 1998: pp. 3–7.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Stampfer MJ, Hennekens CH, Manson JE, Colditz GA, Rosner B, Willett WC. Vitamin E consumption and the risk of coronary disease in women. N Engl J Med 1993;328:1444–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Ascherio A, Giovannucci F, Colditz GA, Willett WC. Vitamin E consumption and the risk of coronary disease in men. N Engl J Med 1993;329:1450–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Kushi LH, Folsom AR, Prineas RJ, Mink PJ, Wu Y, Bostick RM. Dietary antioxidant vitamins and death from coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1156–62.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Muntwyler J, Hennekens CH, Manson JE, Buring JE, Gaziano JM. Vitamin supplement use in a low-risk population of US male physicians and subsequent cardiovascular mortality. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:1472–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Gey KF, Moser UK, Jordan P, Stahein HB, Eichholzer, Ludin E. Increased risk of cardiovascular disease at suboptimal plasma concentrations of essential antioxidants: an epidemiologic update with special attention to carotene and vitamin E. Am J Clin Nutr 1993;57(suppl):S787–97.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Morris DL, Kritchevsky SB, Davis CE. Serum carotenoids and coronary heart disease: The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial and Follow-up Study. JAMA 1994;272:1439–41.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Street DA, Comstock GW, Salkeld RM, Schuep W, Klag MA. Serum antioxidants and myocardial infarction: are low levels of carotenoids and alpha-tocopherol risk factors for myocardial infarction? Circulation 1994;90:1154–61.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Hennekens CH. Increasing burden of cardiovascular disease; current knowledge and future directions for research on risk factors (Special Report). Circulation 1998;97:1095–102.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Stephens NG, Parsons A, Schofield PM et al. Randomized controlled trial of vitamin E in patients with coronary disease: Cambridge Heart Antioxidant Study (CHAOS)., Lancet 1996;347:781–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. GISSI-Prevenzione Investigators. Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction: results of the GISSI-Prevenzione trial. Lancet 1999;354:447–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Boaz M, Smetana S, Weinstein T, et al. Secondary prevention with antioxidants of cardiovascular disease in endstage renal disease (SPACE): randomized placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2000;356:1213–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of antioxidant vitamin supplementation in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2002;360:23–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Brown BG, Zhao XQ, Chai, A, et al., Simvastatin and niacin, antioxidant vitamins, or the combination for the prevention of coronary disease. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1583–92.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Matthan NR, Giovanni A, Schaefer EJ, Brown BG, Lichtenstein AH. Impact of simvastatin, niacin, and/or antioxidants on cholesterol metabolism in CAD patients with low HDL. J Lipid Res 2003; 44:800–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Asztalos F, Bela B, Marcelo H, et al. Change in alpha1 HDL concentration predicts progression in coronary artery stenosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2003;23:847–52.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Waters DD, Alderman EL, Hsia J, et al. Effects of hormone replacement therapy and antioxidant vitamin supplements on coronary atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women. JAMA 2002;288:2432–40.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group. The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers. N Engl J Med 1994;330:1029–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Rapola JM, Virtamo J, Ripatti S et al. Randomised trial of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplements on incidence of major coronary events in men with previous myocardial infarction. Lancet 1997;349:1715–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Rapola MJ, Virtamo J, Haukika KJ et al. Effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of angina pectoris: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. JAMA 1996;275:693–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. The HOPE Study Investigators. The HOPE (Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation) Study. The design of a large, simple randomized trial of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ramipril) and vitamin E in patients at high risk of cardiovascular events. Can J Cardiol 1996;12:127–37.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. Vitamin E supplementation and cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 2000;42:154–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Hennekens CH, Buring JE, Manson JE et al. Lack of effect of long-term supplementation with beta carotene on the incidence of malignant neoplasms and cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1145–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Gaziano JM, Manson JE, Ridker PM, Buring JE, Hennekens CH. Beta carotene therapy for chronic stable angina. Circulation 1990; 82(suppl):202.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Collaborative Group of the Primary Prevention Project. Low-dose aspirin and vitamin E in people at cardiovascular risk: a randomized trial in general practice. Lancet 2001;357:89–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Hodis HN, Mack WJ, LaBree L et al. Alpha-tocopherol supplementation in healthy individuals reduces low-density lipoprotein oxidation but not atherosclerosis: The Vitamin E Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (VEPS). Circulation 2002;106:1453–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Omenn GS, Goodman GE, Thornquist MD et al. Effects of a combination of beta carotene and vitamin A on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1150–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Blot WJ, Li JY, Taylor RP et al. Nutrition intervention trials in Linxian, China: supplementation with specific vitamin/mineral combinations, cancer incidence, and disease-specific mortality in the general population. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993;85:1483–92.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Manson JE, Gaziano JM, Spelsberg A et al for the WACS Research Group. A secondary prevention trial of antioxidant vitamins and cardiovascular disease in women; rationale, design, and methods. Ann Epidemiol 1995;5:261–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Buring JE, Hennekens CH for the Women’s Health Study Research Group. The Women’s Health Study: Summary of the study design. J Myocardial Ischemia 1992;4:27–9.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Buring JE, Hennekens CH. For the Women’s Health Study Research Group. The Women’s Health Study: Rationale and background. J Myocardial Ischemia 1992;4:30–40.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Hercberg S, Preziosi P, Briancon S et al. A primary prevention trial using nutritional doses of antioxidant vitamins and minerals in cardiovascular disease and cancers in a general population: The SU.VI.MAX Study — design, methods, and participant characteristics. Controlled Clin Trials 1998; 19:336–51.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Christen WG, Gaziano JM, Hennekens CH. For the Steering Committee of Physician’s Health Study II, Design of Physician’s Health Study II: A randomized trial of beta-carotene, vitamins E and C, and multivitamins in prevention of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and eye disease — and review of results of completed trials. Ann Epidemiol 2000;10:125–134.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Eidelman RS, Hebert PR, Hollar D, Lamas GA, Hennekens CH. Randomized trials of vitamin E in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease. Arch Int Med 2004; 164:1552–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Women’s Health Initiative Steering Committee. Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: The Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA 2004;291:1701–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Panel on Dietary Antioxidants and Related Compounds. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. A report for the Panel on Dietary Antioxidants and Related Compounds. Subcommittees on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients and Interpretation and Uses of DRIs. Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Hensrud DD, Engle DD, Scheitel SM. Underreporting the use of the dietary supplements and nonprescription medications among patients undergoing a periodic health examination. Mayo Clin Proc 1999;74:443–77.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Cook NR, Chae C, Mueller FB, Landis S, Saks AM, Hennekens CH. Mis-medication and under-utilization of aspirin in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, (accessed on January 22, 2003); Medscape General Medicine, 1999, www.medscape.com/viewarticle/408025_l.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Eidelman RS, G. Lamas A, Hennekens CH. The new National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines: Clinical challenges for more widespread therapy of lipids to treat and prevent coronary heart disease. Arch Intern Med 2003; 162:2033–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Stafford RS, Radley DC. The underutilization of cardiac medications of proven benefit, 1990–2002. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41:56–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Hennekens CH, Buring JE. eds, Introduction: Thematic Review Series IV: Antioxidant vitamins—The search for definitive answers. Proc Assoc Amer Phys 1999; 111:1–21.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hollar, D., Hennekens, C.H. (2006). Antioxidant Vitamins and Cardiovascular Disease: Randomized Trials Fail to Fulfill the Promises of Observational Epidemiology. In: Bourassa, M.G., Tardif, JC. (eds) Antioxidants and Cardiovascular Disease. Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, vol 258. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-29553-4_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-29553-4_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-29552-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-29553-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics