Overall Summary
Hopefully, this chapter has succeeded in giving a flavor of the complexity that underlies the induction and development of the neural crest and cranial ectodermal placodes. The neural crest forms the entire PNS in the trunk, while placodes are essential for the formation of the paired peripheral sense organs and most cranial sensory neurons. Although for the most part they have been treated separately, it is important to realize that neural crest and placodes do not develop in isolation from one another. As discussed in the preceding sections, placode-derived neurons in cranial sensory ganglia are supported by neural crest-derived satellite glia. Neural crest-derived trigeminal neurons need placode-derived trigeminal neurons in order to make appropriate peripheral projections. Migrating streams of cranial neural crest cells are required for proper migration of epibranchial placode-derived neurons. Hence, both the formation and interaction of placodes and neural crest cells are essential for the development of a fully functional peripheral nervous system. The mutual interdependence of these two cell populations reflects their long evolutionary history together: Both neural crest and placodes are present in hagfish, the most primitive extant craniate.
Since the last edition of this book, in 1991, our understanding of the induction and development of both neural crest and cranial ectodermal placodes has advanced in leaps and bounds. It is to be hoped that the next decade will prove similarly fruitful.
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Baker, C. (2005). Neural Crest and Cranial Ectodermal Placodes. In: Rao, M.S., Jacobson†, M. (eds) Developmental Neurobiology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-28117-7_4
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