6. Conclusions
An in vitro mouse slice preparation from control and MPTP-treated mice in which functional reciprocal GP-STN connectivity is maintained, does not produce oscillatory bursting or synchronous activity neuronal activity. Pharmacological interventions that produce bursting activity do so without concomitant neuronal synchrony, or a requirement for glutamate or GABA transmission. Pre-treatment with MPTP did not alter this behaviour. Thus, we have no evidence that the functionally connected, but isolated, GP — STN network can act as a pacemaker for synchronous correlated activity in the basal ganglia and must conclude that other inputs such as those from cortex and/or striatum are required.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
8. References
Albin, R.L., Young, A.B., and Penney, J.B., 1989, The functional anatomy of basal ganglia disorders, Trends Neurosci. 12:366–375.
Araki, T., Mikami, T., Tanji, H., Matsubara, M., Imai, Y., Mizugaki, M., and Itoyama, Y., 2001, Biochemical and immunohistological changes in the brain of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mouse, Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 12:231–8.
Bergman, H., Wichmann, T., Karmon, B., and Delong, M.R., 1994, The primate subthalamic nucleus. II. Neuronal activity in the MPTP model of parkinsonism, J. Neurophysiol. 72:507–520.
Beurrier C., Congar P., Bioulac B., Hammond C., 1999, Subthalamic nucleus neurons switch from single-spike activity to burst-firing mode, J. Neurosci. 19:599–609.
Bevan M.D., Wilson C.J., 1999, Mechanisms underlying spontaneous oscillation and rhythmic firing in rat subthalamic neurons, J. Neurosci. 19:7617–7628.
Bevan, M.D., Wilson, C.J., Bolam, J.P., Magill, P.J., 2000, Equilibrium potential of GABAA current and implications for rebound burst firing in rat subthalamic neurons in vitro, J. Neurophysiol. 83:3169–3172.
Bevan, M.D., Magill, P.J., Hallworth, N.E., Bolam, J.P., and Wilson, C.J. 2002, Regulation of the timing and pattern of action potential generation in rat subthalamic neurons in vitro by GABA-A IPSPs, J. Neurophysiol. 87:1348–1362.
Cooper, A.J., Stanford, I.M., 2000, Electrophysiological and morphological characteristics of three subtypes of rat globus pallidus neuron in vitro, J. Physiol. 527.2:291–304.
DeLong, M., 1990, Primate models of movement disorders of basal ganglia origin, Trends Neurosci. 13(7):281–285.
Filion, M., Tremblay, L., 1991, Abnormal spontaneous activity of globus pallidus neurons in monkeys with MPTP-induced parkinsonism, Brain Res. 547:142–151.
Johnson, S.W, Seutin, V., 1997, Bicuculline methiodide potentiates NMDA-dependent burst firing in rat dopamine neurons by blocking apamin-sensitive Ca2+-activated K+ currents, Neurosci. Letts. 231:13–16.
Kaneoke, Y., Vitek, J.L., 1996, Burst and oscillation as disparate neuronal properties, J. Neurosci Methods, 68:211–223.
Lisman J.E., 1997, Bursts as a unit of neural information: Making unreliable synapses reliable, Trends Neurosci. 20:38–43.
Magill, P.J., Bolam, J.P., Bevan, M.D., 2000, Relationship of activity in the subthalamic nucleus-globus pallidus network to cortical electroencephalogram, J. Neurosci. 20:820–833.
Magill, P.J., Bolam, J.P., Bevan, M.D., 2001, Dopamine regulates the impact of the cerebral cortex on the subthalamic nucleus-globus pallidus network, Neurosci. 106:313–330.
Magnin, M., Morel, A., Jeanmonod, D., 2002, Single unit analysis of the pallidum, thalamus, and subthalamic nucleus in Parkinsonian patients, Neurosci. 96:549–564.
Nakanishi, H., Kita, H., Kitai, S.T. 1987, Electrical membrane properties of rat subthalamic neurons in an in vitro slice preparation, Brain Res. 437:35–44.
Nambu, A., Llinás, R., 1994, Electrophysiology of globus pallidus neurons in vitro, J. Neurophysiol. 72:1127–1139.
Nini, A., Feingold, A., Slovin, H. & Bergman, H., 1995, Neurons in the globus pallidus do not show correlated activity in the normal monkey, but phase-locked oscillations appear in the MPTP model of parkinsonism. J. Neurophysiol. 74:1800.
Plenz, D., Kitai, S.T. 1999, A basal ganglia pacemaker formed by the subthalamic nucleus and external globus pallidus, Nature 400:677–682.
Seutin, V., Johnson, S.W., North, R.A., 1993, Apamin increases NMDA-induced burst-firing of rat mesencephalic dopamine neurons, Brain Res. 630:341–344.
Wilson C.J., Weyrick A., Terman D., Hallworth N.E., Bevan M.D., 2004a, A model of reverse spike frequency adaptation and repetitive firing of subthalamic nucleus neurons, J. Neurophysiol. 91:1963–1980.
Wilson C.L., Puntis M., Lacey M.G., 2004b, Overwhelmingly asynchronous firing of rat subthalamic nucleus neurons in brain slices provides little evidence for intrinsic connectivity, Neurosci. 123:187–200.
Raz, A., Vaadia, E., Bergman, H., 2000, Firing Patterns and Correlations of Spontaneous Discharge of Pallidal Neurons in the Normal and the Tremulous 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine Vervet Model of Parkinsonism, J. Neurosci. 20:8559–8571.
Raz, A., Frechter-Mazar, V., Feingold, A., Abeles, M., Vaadia, E. & Bergman, H., 2001, Activity of pallidal and striatal tonically active neurons is correlated in MPTP-treated monkeys but not in normal monkeys. J. Neurosci. 21:RC128 (1–5).
Zhu, Z.T., Munhall, A., Shen, K.Z., Johnson, S.W., 2004, Calcium-dependent subthreshold oscillations determine bursting activity induced by N-methyl-D-aspartate in rat subthalamic neurons in vitro. Eur. J. Neurosci. 19:1296–1304.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2005 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Stanford, I.M., Loucif, K.C., Wilson, C.L., Cash, D., Lacey, M.G. (2005). Limitations of the Isolated GP-STN Network. In: Bolam, J.P., Ingham, C.A., Magill, P.J. (eds) The Basal Ganglia VIII. Advances in Behavioral Biology, vol 56. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-28066-9_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-28066-9_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-28065-3
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-28066-0
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)