Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Neurocranial Defects with Neuro-Ophthalmic Significance

  • Chapter
Book cover Handbook of Pediatric Neuro-Ophthalmology

  • 1088 Accesses

Abstract

Patients with cranial/skeletal defects often exhibit neuroophthalmic abnormalities, which may be caused by specific anomalies within the spectrum of a given condition, or by an associated malformation of the nervous system, or be secondary to mechanical forces such as hydrocephalus. This chapter reviews the ophthalmic abnormalities found in progressive hemifacial atrophy, which are primarily due to structural defects,as well as ophthalmic abnormalities in Arnold-Chiari malformations, meningomyelocele, platybasia, and the Klippel-Feil syndrome,which are related to both structural and secondary neurological mechanisms.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Adams RD, Delong GR. Harrison’s principle of internal medicine. 10th edn. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Albert DM, Nordlund JJ, Lerner AB. Ocular abnormalities occurring with vitiligo. Ophthalmology 1979;86:1145–1158.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Allen LD, Ferguson-Smith MA, Donald I, et al. Amniotic-fluid alpha-fetoprotein in the antenatal diagnosis of spina bifida. Lancet 1973;2:522–525.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Aracena T, Roca FP, Barragan M. Progressive hemifacial atrophy (Parry-Romberg syndrome): report of two cases. Am J Ophthalmol 1979;11:953–958.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Arnold AC, Balon RW, Yee RD, et al. Internuclear ophthalmoplegia in the Chiari type II malformation. Neurology 1990;40:1850–1854.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Arnold J. Myelocyste, transposition von Gewebskeimen und sympodie. Beitr Pathol Anat Allg Pathol 1894;16:1–28.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Barkovich AJ, Norman D. Anomalies of the corpus callosum: correlation with further anomalies of the brain. AJNR 1988;9:493–501.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Barkovich AJ. Pediatric neuroimaging. New York: Raven Press, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bauman GI. Absence of the cervical spine: Klippel-Feil syndrome. JAMA 1932;98:129–132.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Beighton P. Inherited disorders of the skeleton. 2nd edn. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Bewermeyer H, et al. MRImaging of familial basilar impresson. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1984;8:953–956.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Biglan AW. Ophthalmic complications of meningomyelocele: a longitudinal study. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1990;88:389–462.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Biglan AW. Strabismus associated with meningomyelocele. J Pediatr Ophthalmol 1995;32:309–314.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Bixenman WW, Laguna JF. Acquired esotropia as initial manifestion of Arnold-Chiari malformation. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1987;24:83–86.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Brodsky MC, Fray KJ. Brainstem hypoplasia in the Wildervanck (cervico-oculo-acoustic) syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol 1998;116:383–385.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Bronstein AM, Miller DH, Rudge P, Kendall BE. Down beating nystagmus: magnetic resonance imaging and neuro-otological findings. J Neurol Sci 1987;81:173–184.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Calmettes L, Amalric P, Bessou P. L’hemiatrophie faciale (maladie de Romberg) eses manifestations oculaires. Riv Oto-Neuro Oftalmol 1959;31:215.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Chamberlain WE. Basilar impression (platybasia). A bizarre developmental anomaly of the occipital bone and upper cervical spine with striking and misleading neurologic manifestations. Yale J Biol Med 1938–39;11:487–496.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Chiari H. Ueber die pathogenese der sogenannten Syringomyelia. Z Heilkd 1888;9:307–336.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Chiari H. Ueber veranderungen des kleinhirns, des pons und der medulla oblongata in folge von congenitales hydrocephalie des gross hirns, denkschr. Akad Wiss Wien 1896;63:71.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Chopra JS, Sawhney IM, Kak VK, Khosla VK. Craniovertebral anomalies: a study of 82 cases. Br J Neurosurg 1988;2:455–464.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Christoff N. A clinicopathologic study of vertical eye movements. Arch Neurol 1974;31:1–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Chu A, Seaber JH, Buckley EG. “A” pattern strabismus in myelomeningocele. Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology 1987;28.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Clarke RA, Catalan G, Diwan AD, Kearsley JH. Heterogeneity in Klippel syndrome: a new classification. Pediatr Radiol 1998;28:967–974.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Cleland J. Contribution to the study of spina bifida, encephalocoele, and anencephalus. J Anat Physiol 1883;17:257–259.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Clements DB, Kaushal K. A study of the ocular complications of hydrocephalus and meningomyelocele. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1970;60:383–390.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Cogan DG, Barrows LJ. Platybasia and Arnold Chiari malformation. Arch Ophthalmol 1954;52:13–29.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Cogan DG. Downbeat nystagmus. Arch Ophthalmol 1968;80:757–768.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Collier M. Hemiatrophic faciale progressive avec megalocornea, micropapille et dysrophie naugeuse centrale du la cornea. Acta Ophthalmol 1971;49:946.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Collins WF, et al. Neurologic surgery. In: SI S (ed) Principles of surgery. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1984:1819–1820.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Corsello G, Carcione A, Castro L, Giuffre L. Cervico-oculo-acusticus (Wildervanck’s) syndrome: a clinical variant of Klippel-Feil sequence? Klin Padiatr 1990;202:176–179.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Dolan KB. Cervicobasilar relationships. Radiol Clin North Am 1977;15:155–166.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Duthie RB, Hoagland FT. Manifestations of musculoskeletal disorders. In: SI S (ed) Principles of surgery. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Eulenburg A. Lehrbuch der functionellen Nervenkrankheiten. Berlin: S. Karger, 1871.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Everberg G, Ratjen E, Sorenson H. Wildervanck’s syndrome. Klippel-Feil’s syndrome associated with deafness and retraction of the eyeball. Br J Radiol 1963;36:562–567.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Farmer SF, Ingram DA, Stephens JA. Mirror movements studies in a patient with Klippel-Feil syndrome. J Physiol 1990;428:467–484.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Ford JG, Busbee B, Reed JW, Yu D. Hemifacial atrophy and primary corneal endothelial failure. Arch Ophthalmol 1998;116:1246–1248.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. France TD. Strabismus in hydrocephalus. Am Orthopt J 1975;25:101–105.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. France TD. The association of A-pattern strabismus with hydrocephalus. In: Moore SMJ, Stockbridge L (eds) Orthoptics past, present and future. 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Franceschetti A, Koenig H. L’importance du facteur hegeredodegeneratif dans l’hemiatrophie faciale progressive (Romberg): etude des complications oculaires dans ce syndrome. J Genet Hum 1952;1:27–64.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Friel JP. Dorland’s illustrated medical dictionary, 25 edn. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Galanopoulas A, McNab AA. Hemifacial atrophy: an unusual case of upper eyelid retraction. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 1995;11:278–280.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Gardner WJ. The dysraphic states from syringomyelia to anencephaly. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Gaston H. Does the spina bifida child need an ophthalmologist? Z Kinderchir 1985;40:46–50.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Gilmour JR. The essential identity of the Klippel-Feil syndrome and iniencephaly. J Pathol Bacteriol 1941;53:117–131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Goldberg MF. Waardenberg’s syndrome with fundus and other anomalies. Arch Ophthalmol 1966;76:797–810.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Goldhammer Y, Kronenberg J, Tadmor R, et al. Progressive hemifacial atrophy (Parry-Romberg’s disease), principally involving bone. J Laryngol Otol 1981;95:643–647.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Gorlin RJ, Pindborg JJ. Syndromes of the head and neck. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Gorlin RJ, Pindborg JJ, Cohen MM. Hemifacial atrophy. Syndromes of the head and neck. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Gosian AK, McCarthy JG, Pinto RS. Cervicovertebral anomalies and basilar impression in Goldenhar syndrome. Plast Reconstr Surg 1994;93:498–506.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Gumerlock MK, Belshe BD, Madsen R, Watts C. Cervical neurenteric fistula causing recurrent meningitis in Klippel-Feil sequence: case report and literature review. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1991;10:532–535.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Gunderson CG, Geenspan RH, Glaser GH, Lubs HA. The Klippel-Feil syndrome: genetic and clinical reevaluation of cervical fusion. Medicine (Baltim) 1967;46:491.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Gupte G, Mahajan P, Shreenivas VK, Kher A, Bharucha B. Wildervanck syndrome (cervico-oculo-acoustic syndrome). J Postgrad Med 1992;38:181–182.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Gustafson WA, Oldberg E. Neurologic significance of platybasia. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 1940;44:1184–1198.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Hacryakupoglu G, Pelit AA, Altunbasak S, Soyupak S, Ozer C. Crocodile tears and Dandy-Walker syndrome in cervico-oculoacoustic syndrome. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1999;36:301–303.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Haddow JE, Macri JN. Prenatal screening for neural tube defects. JAMA 1979;242:515–516.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Hakin KN, Yokoyama C, Wright JE. Hemifacial atrophy: an unusual cause of enophthalmos. Br J Ophthalmol 1990;74:496–497.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Hamed LM, Fang EN, Fanous MM, et al. The prevalence of neurologic dysfunction in children with strabismus who have superior oblique overaction. Ophthalmology 1993;100:1483–1487.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Hensinger RN, Lang JE, Macewan GD. Klippel-Feil syndrome. A constellation of associated anomalies. J Bone Joint Surg 1974;56:1246.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Hoang-Xuan T, Foster CS, Jakobiec FA, et al. Romberg’s progressive hemifacial atrophy: an association with scleral melting. Cornea 1991;10:361–366.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Hurwitz LJ, Shepard WH. Basilar impression and disordered metabolism of bone. Brain 1966;89:223–240.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Huttenlocher PR. The nervous system. Nelson’s textbook of pediatrics, 13 edn, vol 23. 1987:1357–1358.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Jagjit SC, et al. Craniovertebral anomalies: a study of 82 cases. Br J Neurosurg 1988;2:455–464.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Janeway R, Toole JF, Leinbach LB, Miller HS. Vertebral artery obstruction with basilar impression. Arch Neurol 1966;15:211.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Johnson RV, Kennedy WR. Progressive facial hemiatrophy (Parry-Romberg syndrome): Contralateral extraocular muscle impairment. Am J Ophthalmol 1969;67:561–564.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Kaney PM, Getch CC, Jallo J, Faerber EN. Cerebral syrinx with Chiari I malformation. Pediatr Neurosurg 1994;20:214–216.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Kirkhan TH. Cervico-oculo-acousticus syndrome with pseudopapilledema. Arch Dis Child 1969;44:504–508.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Klippel M, Feil A. Un cas d’absence des vertebres cervicales. Nouv Iconogr Salpet 1912;25:223.

    Google Scholar 

  69. La Hey E, Seerp Baarsma G. Fuchs’ heterochromic cyclitis and retinal vascular abnormalities in progressive hemifacial atrophy. Eye 1993;7:426–428.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Leigh RJ, Zee DS. The neurology of eye movements. Philadelphia: Davis, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Lennerstrand G, Gallo JE. Neuro-ophthalmological evaluation of patients with myelomeningocele and Chiari malformations. Dev Med Child Neurol 1990;32:415–422.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Lennerstrand G, Gallo JE, Samuelsson L. Neuro-ophthalmological findings in relation to CNS lesions in patients with myelomeningocele. Dev Med Child Neurol 1990;32:423–431.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Leroy EC. Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis). In: Kelley WN (ed) Textbook of rheumatology. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Lewis MA, Goldstein S, Baker RS. MRImaging of the posterior fossa in ocular motility disorders-four case studies. J Clin Neuroophthalmol 1987;7:235–240.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Lewis AR, Kline LB, Sharpe JA. Acquired esotropia due to Arnold-Chiari I malformation. J Neuroophthalmol 1996;16:49–54.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Lucchese NJ, Goldberg MF. Iris and fundus pigmentary changes in tuberous sclerosis. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1981;18:45–46.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Maloley A, Weber S, Smith DR. A and V patterns of strabismus in meningomyelocele. Am Orthopt J 1977;27:115–118.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. McLay K, Maran AGD. Deafness and the Klippel-Feil syndrome. J Laryngol 1969;83:175–184.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. McLone DG, Knepper PA. The cause of Chiari II malformation: a unified theory. Pediatr Neurosci 1989;15:1–12.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Mendel. Uber hemiatrophia facialis. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1888;14:321.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Merritt HH. A textbook of neurology. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Miedziak AL, Stefanyszyn M, Flanagan J, Eagle RJ. Parry-Romberg syndrome associated with intracranial vascular malformations. Arch Ophthalmol 1992;116:1235–1237.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Mikulis DJ, Diaz O, Egglin TK, Sanchez R. Variance of the position of the cerebellar tonsils with age: preliminary report. Radiology 1992;183:725–728.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Miller MT, Sloane H, Goldberg MF, et al. Progressive hemifacial atrophy (Parry-Romberg disease). J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1987;24:27–36.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Miller MT, Spencer MA. Progressive hemifacial atrophy: a natural history study. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1995;93:203–217.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Miller MT, Stromland K. Ocular motility in thalidomide embryopathy. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1991;1:47–54.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Miller NR. Walsh and Hoyt’s clinical neuro-ophthalmology, vol 2. Waverly Press, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Milunsky A, Jick H, Jick S, et al. Multivitamin folic acid supplementation in early pregnancy reduces the prevalence of neural tube defects. JAMA 1989;262:2847–2852.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Moss ML, Crikelair GF. Progressive facial hemiatrophy following cervical sympathectomy in the rat. Arch Oral Biol 1959;1:254–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. Mossman SS, Bronstein AM, Gresty MA, et al. Convergence nystagmus associated with Arnold-Chiari malformation. Arch Neurol 1990;47:357–359.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Muchnick RS, Aston SJ, Rees TD. Ocular manifestations and treatment of hemifacial atrophy. Am J Ophthalmol 1979;88:889–897.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Nagib MG, Maxwell RE, Chou SN. Klippel-Feil syndrome in children: clinical features and management. Child’s Nerv Syst 1985;1:255–263.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Naidich TP. Cranial signs of the Chiari II malformation. J Neuroradiol 1981;8:207–227.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Naidich TP, McLone DG, Fulling KH. The Chiari II malformation. Part IV. The hindbrain deformity. Neuroradiology 1983;25:179–197.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Naidich TP, Pudlowski RM, Naidich JB. Computed tomographic signs of the Chiari II malformation. Part II. Midbrain and cerebellum. Radiology 1980;134:391–398.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Nishimura H, Okamoto N. Congenital malformations of the brain and skull, part I. In: Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW (eds) Iniencephaly: handbook of clinical neurology, vol 30. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Nishizak T, et al. Bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia due to hydrocephalus: a case report. Neurosurgery 1985;17:822–825.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Noetzel MJ. Myelomeningocele: current concepts of management. Clin Perinatol 1989;16:311–329.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Ofodile FA, Woods JE. Progressive hemifacial atrophy. Surg Clin North Am 1977;57:621–627.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Ong K, Billson FA, Pathirana DSJ, Clifton-Bligh P. A case of progressive hemifacial atrophy with uveitis and retinal vasculitis. Aust NZ J Ophthalmol 1991;19:295–298.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Oppenheim H. Lehrbuch der nervenkrankheiten. Berlin: Karger, 1923.

    Google Scholar 

  102. Parry CH, Wartenberg R. Collection from unpublished medical writing of the late Calet Hillier. London: Underwood, 1825.

    Google Scholar 

  103. Peele TL. The neuroanatomic basis for clinical neurology. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  104. Pensler JM, Murphy GF, Mulliken JB. Clinical and ultrastructural studies of Romberg’s hemifacial atrophy. Plast Reconstr Surg 1990;85:669–674.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Pfeiffer RA, Rott HD, Angerstein W. An autosomal dominant facioaudio symphalangism syndrome with Klippel-Feil anomaly: a new variant of multiple synostoses. Genet Counsel 1990;38:133–140.

    Google Scholar 

  106. Pieh C, Gottlob I. Arnold-Chiari malformation and nystagmus of skew. Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000;69:124–126.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Rabinowicz IM. Visual function in children with hydrocephalus. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK 1974;94:353–365.

    Google Scholar 

  108. Rees TD. Facial atrophy. Clin Plast Surg 1976;3:637.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Rhaney K, Barclay GPT. Alimentary and spinal abnormalities. J Pathol Bacteriol 1959;77:457.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Rogers BO. Progressive facial hemiatrophy (Romberg’s disease): a review of 772 cases. In: Transactions of third international congress of plastic surgery. International Congress Series No. 66. Washington: Excerpta Medica Foundation, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  111. Romberg HM. Cited in Wartenberg R. Trophoneurosen. Klinische Ergenbnisse. Berlin: Forstner, 1846.

    Google Scholar 

  112. Rothstein TB, Romano P, Shoch D. Meningomyelocele-associated ocular abnormalities. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1973;LXXI:287–293.

    Google Scholar 

  113. Rothstein TB, Romano PE, Shoch D. Meningomyelocele. Am J Ophthalmol 1974;77:690–693.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Russel D, Donald C. The mechanism of internal hydrocephalus in spina bifida. Brain 1935;58:203–215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  115. Samuelsson LG. Meningomyelocele: a neuro-orthopedic and radiologic assessment. Dissertation. Stockholm: Karolinska Institutet, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  116. Schimmenti LI, et al. Homonucleotide expansion and contraction mutations of PAX2 and inclusion of Chiari I malformation as part of renal-coloboma syndrome. Hum Mutat 1999;14:369–376.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Segal P, Jablonska S, Mrzyglod S. Ocular changes in linear scleroderma. Am J Ophthalmol 1961;51:807–813.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Smith DW. Recognizable patterns of human malformation. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  119. Smith ED. The urinary trait in meningomyeloceles. In: Ed S (ed) Spina bifida and the total care of spinal myelomeningocele. Springfield: Thomas, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  120. Stein SC, Schut L. Hydrocephalus in myelomeningocele. Child’s Brain 1979;4:413–419.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  121. Stern HS, Elliot LF, Beegle PH. Progressive hemifacial atrophy associated with lyme disease. Plast Reconstr Surg 1992;90:479–483.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Stovner LJ, Kruszewski P, Shen J. Sinus arrhythmia and pupil size in Chiari I malformation: evidence of autonomic dysfunction. Funct Neurol 1993;8:251–257.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Straudenmaier C, Buncic JR. Periodic alternating gaze deviation with dissociated secondary face turn. Arch Ophthalmol 1983;101:202–205.

    Google Scholar 

  124. Sugar HS, Banks TL. Fuchs’ heterochromic cyclitis, associated with facial hemiatrophy (scleroderma en coup de sabre). Am J Ophthalmol 1964;57:627–632.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Taylor AR, Chakravorty BC. Clinical syndromes associated with basilar impression. Arch Neurol 1964;10:475.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Tominaga T, Koshu K, Ogawa A, Yoshimoto T. Transoral decompression evaluated by Cine-Mode magnetic resonance imaging: a case of basilar impression accompanied by Chiari malformation. Neurosurgery 1991;28:883–885.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Walsh FB, Hoyt WF. Clin Neuroophthalmol 1969;1:707–724.

    Google Scholar 

  128. Wartenberg R. Progressive facial hemiatrophy. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 1945;54:75–96.

    Google Scholar 

  129. Weeks CL, Hamed LM. Treatment of acute comitant esotropia in Chiari I malformation. Ophthalmology 1999;106:2368–2371.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Weintraub MI. Ophthalmoplegia and Arnold Chiari malformation without hydrocephalus. Dev Med Child Neurol 1990;32:929.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Wildervanck LS. The cervico-acusticus syndrome. In: Vinken PJBG, Myrianthopoulos NC (eds) Handbook of clinical neurology, vol 32. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  132. Widgerow AD. Klippel-Feil anomaly, cleft palate, and bifid tongue. Ann Plast Surg 1990;25:216.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Wolpert SM, Anderson M, Scott RM, et al. The Chiari II malformation: MR imaging evaluation. AJNR 1987;8:783–791.

    Google Scholar 

  134. Wong VCN, Fung CF. Basilar impression in a child with hypochondroplasia. Pediatr Neurol 1991;7:62–64.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Woody RC, Reynolds JD. Association of bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia and meningomyelocele and Arnold Chiari malformation type II. J Clin Neuroophthalmol 1985;5:124–126.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Yamanouchi H, Iwasaki Y, Sugai K, Mukono K. Duane retraction syndrome associated with Chiari I malformation. Pediatr Neurol 1993;9:327–329.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Yeow YK, Tjia TL. The localizing value of down beating nystagmus. Singapore Med J 1989;30:273–276.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Zafarulla MYM. Progressive hemifacial atrophy: a case report. Br J Ophthalmol 1985;69:545–547.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Zimmerman CF, Roach ES, Troost BT. See-saw nystagmus associated with Chiari malformation. Arch Neurol 1986;43:299–300.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Ronald M. Minzter
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Edward G. Buckley
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Wright Foundation for Pediatric Ophthalmology, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Kenneth W. Wright MD (Director and Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology) (Director and Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology)

  2. Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Kenneth W. Wright MD (Director and Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology) (Director and Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology)

  3. University of Southern California–Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Kenneth W. Wright MD (Director and Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology) (Director and Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology)

  4. Focus On You, Inc., Palm Desert, CA, USA

    Peter H. Spiegel MD

  5. Inland Eye Clinic, Murrieta, CA, USA

    Peter H. Spiegel MD

  6. Children’s Eye Institute, Upland, CA, USA

    Peter H. Spiegel MD

  7. Stroger Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA

    Lisa S. Thompson MD (Attending Physician) (Attending Physician)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Minzter, R.M., Buckley, E.G. (2006). Neurocranial Defects with Neuro-Ophthalmic Significance. In: Wright, K.W., Spiegel, P.H., Thompson, L.S. (eds) Handbook of Pediatric Neuro-Ophthalmology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-27930-X_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-27930-X_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-27929-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-27930-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation