Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Nuclear Import and Export in Plants and Animals pp 161–174Cite as

The Molecular Mechanisms of mRNA Export

  • Chapter

Part of the Molecular Biology Intelligence Unit book series (MBIU)

Abstract

Ageneral paradigm for nuclear transport was established primarily through studies of protein import and export. Until recendy, this paradigm was generally presumed also to apply to the process of RNA export from the nucleus. In particular, it was assumed that general mRNA export was mediated by one or more transport receptors of the importin-β family and that the RanGTP/GDP gradient was required to impart directionality to the process. The highly abundant class of nuclear RNA-binding proteins—the hnRNP proteins—were regarded as primary candidates for mRNA export adapter proteins that could link mRNAs to importin-ß family export factors. Within the past few years, however, an explosion of data has largely disproven prior assumptions about the mechanisms of mRNA export, permanently changing the face of the field. The dust is still settling, but what we now see, albeit incompletely, is the outline of a probable major route of mRNA export that is independent of the importin-ß family and the Ran GTPase system.

Keywords

These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (Canada)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (Canada)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (Canada)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (Canada)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Arts G-J, Fornerod M, Mattaj IW. Identification of a nuclear export receptor for tRNA. Curr Biol 1998a; 8:305–314.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Arts G-J, Kuersten S, Romby P et al. The role of exportin-t in selective nuclear export of mature tRNAs. EMBO J 1998b; 17:7430–7441.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Askjaer P, Bachi A, Wilm M et al. RanGTP-regulated interactions of CRM1 with nucleoporins and a shuttling DEAD-box helicase. Mol Cell Biol 1999; 19:6276–6285.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Askjaer P, Jensen TH, Nilsson J et al. The specificity of the CRM1-Rev nuclear export signal interaction is mediated by RanGTP. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:33414–33422.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Bachi A, Braun IC, Rodrigues JP et al. The C-terminal domain of TAP interacts with the nuclear pore complex and promotes export of specific CTE-bearing RNA substrates. RNA 2000; 6:136–158.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Bailer SM, Balduf C, Katahira J et al. Nup116p associates with the Nup82p-Nsp1p-Nup159p nucleoporin complex. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:23540–23548.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Bailer SM, Siniossoglou S, Podtelejnikov A et al. Nup116p and Nup100p are interchangeable through a conserved motif which constitutes a docking site for the mRNA transport factor Gle2p. EMBO J 1998; 17:1107–1119.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Bear J, Tan W, Zolotukhin AS et al. Identification of novel import and export signals of human TAP, the protein that binds to the constitutive transport element of the type D retrovirus mRNAs. Mol Cell Biol 1999; 19:6306–6317.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Ben-Efraim I, Gerace L. Gradient of increasing affinity of importin β for nucleoporins along the pathway of nuclear import. J Cell Biol 2001; 152:411–418.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Braun IC, Herold A, Rode M et al. Overexpression of TAP/p15 heterodimers bypasses nuclear retention and stimulates nuclear mRNA export. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:20536–20543.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Braun IC, Rohrbach E, Schmitt C et al. TAP binds to the constitutive transport element (CTE) through a novel RNA-binding motif that is sufficient to promote CTE-dependent RNA export from the nucleus. EMBO J 1999; 18:1953–1965.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Brennan CM, Gallouzi I-E, Steitz JA. Protein ligands to HuR modulate its interaction with target mRNAs in vivo. J Cell Biol 2000; 151:1–14.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Brown JA, Bharathi A, Whalen AG et al. A mutation in the Schizosaccharomyces pombe rael gene causes defects in poly(A)+ RNA export and in the cytoskeleton. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:7411–7419.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Bruhn L, Munnerlyn A, Grosschedl R. ALY, a context-dependent coactivator of LEF-1 and AML-1, is required for TCRalpha enhancer function. Genes Dev 1997; 11:640–653.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Bullock TL, Clarkson WD, Kent HM et al. The 1.6 Å resolution crystal structure of nuclear transport factor 2 (NTF2). J Mol Biol 1996; 260:422–431.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Clouse NK, Luo M-j, Zhou Z et al. A Ran-independent pathway for export of spliced mRNA. Nat Cell Biol 2001; 3:97–99.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Conti E, Izaurralde E. Nucleocytoplasmic transport enters the atomic age. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2001; 13:310–319.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Cui Y, Gonzalez CI, Kinzy TG et al. Mutations in the MOF2/SUI1 gene affect both translation and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. RNA 1999; 5:794–804.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Culbertson MR. RNA surveillance. Unforeseen consequences for gene expression, inherited genetic disorders and cancer. Trends Genet 1999; 15:74–80.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Cullen BR. Nuclear RNA export pathways. Mol Cell Biol 2000; 20:4181–4187.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Daneholt B. Assembly and transport of a premessenger RNP particle. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001; 98:7012–7017.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Fabre E, Hurt E. Yeast genetics to dissect the nuclear pore complex and nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. Annu Rev Genet 1997; 31:277–313.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Fan XC, Steitz JA. HNS, a nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling sequence in HuR. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998; 95:15293–15298.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Fleckner J, Zhang M, Valcarcel J et al. U2AF65 recruits a novel human DEAD box protein required for the U2 snRNP-branchpoint interaction. Genes Dev 1997; 11:1864–1872.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Fornerod M, Ohno M, Yoshida M et al. CRM1 is an export receptor for leucine-rich nuclear export signals. Cell 1997; 90:1051–1060.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Fribourg S, Braun IC, Izaurralde E et al. Structural basis for the recognition of a nucleoporin FG repeat by the NTF2-like domain of the TAP/p15 mRNA nuclear export factor. Mol Cell 2001; 8:645–656.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Gadal O, Strauss D, Kessl J et al. Nuclear export of 60s ribosomal subunits depends on Xpolp and requires a nuclear export sequence-containing factor, Nmd3p, that associates with the large subunit protein Rpl10p. Mol Cell Biol 2001; 21:3405–3415.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Gallouzi IE, Steitz JA. Delineation of mRNA export pathways by the use of cell-permeable peptides. Science 2001; 294:1895–1901.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Gonzalez CI, Ruiz-Echevarria MJ, Vasudevan S et al. The yeast hnRNP-like protein Hrp1/Nab4 marks a transcript for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Mol. Cell 2000; 5:489–499.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Görlich D, Kutay U. Transport between the cell nucleus and the cytoplasm. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 1999; 15:607–660.

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Grüter P, Tabernero C, von Kobbe C et al. TAP, the human homolog of Mex67p, mediates CTE-dependent RNA export from the nucleus. Mol Cell 1998; 1:649–659.

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Guzik BW, Levesque L, Prasad S et al. NXT1 (p15) is a crucial cellular cofactor in TAP-dependent export of intron-containing RNA in mammalian cells. Mol Cell Biol 2001; 21:2545–2554.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Hachet O, Ephrussi A. Drosophila Y14 shuttles to the posterior of the oocyte and is required for oskar mRNA transport. Curr Biol 2001; 11:1666–1674.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Herold, A., Klymenko, T. and Izaurralde, E. NXF1/p15 heterodimers are essential for mRNA nuclear export in Drosophila. RNA 2001; 7:1768.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Hirose Y, Manley JL. RNA polymerase II and the integration of nuclear events. Genes Dev 2000; 14:1415–1429.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Ho AK, Shen TX, Ryan KJ et al. Assembly and preferential localization of Nup116p on the cytoplasmic face of the nuclear pore complex by Interaction with Nup82p. Mol Cell Biol 2000a; 20:5736–5748.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Ho JH, Kallstrom G, Johnson AW. Nmd3p is a Crm1p-dependent adapter protein for nuclear export of the large ribosomal subunit. J Cell Biol 2000b; 151:1057–1066.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Hodge CA, Colot HV, Stafford P et al. Rat8p/Dbp5p is a shuttling transport factor that interacts with Rat7p/Nup159p and Gle1p and suppresses the mRNA export defect of XPO1-1 cells. EMBO J 1999; 18:5778–5788.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Huang Y, Steitz JA. Splicing factors SRp20 and 9G8 promote the nucleocytoplasmic export of mRNA. Mol Cell 2001; 7:899–905.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Hurt E, Hannus S, Schmelzl B et al. A novel in vivo assay reveals inhibition of ribosomal nuclear export in Ran-cycle and nucleoporin mutants. J Cell Biol 1999; 144:389–401.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Izaurralde E, Jarmolowski A, Beisel C et al. A role for the M9 transport signal of hnRNP A1 in mRNA nuclear export. J Cell Biol 1997; 137:27–35.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Jensen TH, Boulay J, Rosbash M et al. The DECD box putative ATPase Sub2p is an early mRNA export factor. Curr Biol 2001a; 11:1711–1715.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Jensen TH, Patricio K, McCarthy T et al. A block to mRNA nuclear export in S. cerevisiae leads to hyperadenylation of transcripts that accumulate at the site of transcription. Mol Cell 2001b; 7:887–898.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Kadowaki T, Hitomi M, Chen S et al. Nuclear mRNA accumulation causes nucleolar fragmentation in yeast mtr2 mutant. Mol Biol Cell 1994; 5:1253–1263.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Kang Y, Cullen BR. The human Tap protein is a nuclear mRNA export factor that contains novel RNA-binding and nucleocytoplasmic transport sequences. Genes Dev 1999; 13:1126–1139.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Katahira J, Straesser K, Saiwaki T et al. Complex formation between Tap and p15 affects binding to FG-repeat nucleoporins and nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:9242–9246.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Katahira J, Sträßer K, Podtelejnikov A et al. The Mex67p-mediated nuclear mRNA export path way is conserved from yeast to human. EMBO J 1999; 18:2593–2609.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Kataoka N, Diem MD, Kim VN et al. Magoh, a human homolog of Drosophila mago nashi protein, is a component of the splicing-dependent exon-exon junction complex. EMBO J 2001; 20:6424–6433.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Kataoka N, Yong J, Kim VN et al. Pre-mRNA splicing imprints mRNA in the nucleus with a novel RNA-binding protein that persists in the cytoplasm. Mol Cell 2000; 6:673–682.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Kehlenbach RH, Dickmanns A, Kehlenbach A et al. A role for RanBP1 in the release of CRM1 from the nuclear pore complex in a terminal step of nuclear export. J Cell Biol 1999; 145:645–657.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Kim VN, Kataoka N, Dreyfuss G. Role of the nonsense-mediated decay factor hUpf3 in the splicing-dependent exon-exon junction complex. Science 2001; 293:1832–1836.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Kraemer D, Blobel G. mRNA binding protein mrnp 41 localizes to both nucleus and cytoplasm. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997; 94:9119–9124.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Krecic AM, Swanson MS. hnRNP complexes: Composition, structure, and function. Curr Opin Cell Biol 1999; 11:367–371.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  54. Kutay U, Lipowsky G, Izaurralde E et al. Identification of a tRNA-specific nuclear export receptor. Mol Cell 1998; 1:359–369.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Le Hir H, Gatfield D, Braun IC et al. The protein Mago provides a link between splicing and mRNA localization. EMBO R 2001a; 2:1119–1124.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  56. Le Hir H, Gatfield D, Izaurralde E et al. The exon-exon junction complex provides a binding platform for factors involved in mRNA export and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. EMBO J 2001b; 20:4987–4997.

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Le Hir H, Izaurralde E, Maquat LE et al. The spliceosome deposits multiple proteins 20–24 nucleotides upstream of mRNA exon-exon junctions. EMBO J 2000; 19:6860–6869.

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Lei EP, Krebber H, Silver PA. Messenger RNAs are recruited for nuclear export during transcripttion. Genes Dev 2001; 15:1771–1782.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Lei EP, Silver PA. Protein and RNA export from the nucleus. Dev Cell 2002; 2:261–72.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Lévesque L, Guzik B, Guan T et al. RNA export mediated by Tap involves NXT1-dependent interactions with the nuclear pore complex. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:44953–44962.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Lopez PJ, Seraphin B. YIDB: The Yeast Intron DataBase. Nucleic Acids Res 2000; 28:85–86.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Luo M.-J, Zhou Z, Magni K et al. Pre-mRNA splicing and mRNA export linked by direct inter actions between UAP56 and Aly. Nature 2001; 413:644–647.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Lykke-Andersen J, Shu M-D, Steitz JA. Human Upf proteins target an mRNA for nonsense-mediated decay when bound downstream of a termination codon. Cell 2000; 103:1121–1131.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Lykke-Andersen J, Shu M-D, Steitz JA. Communication of the position of exon-exon junctions to the mRNA surveillance machinery by the protein RNPS1. Science 2001; 293:1836–1839.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Maniatis T, Reed R. An extensive network of coupling among gene expression machines. Nature 2002; 416:499–506.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Mattaj IW, Englmeier L. Nucleocytoplasmic transport: The soluble phase. Annu Rev Biochem 1998; 67:265–306.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Mingot J-M, Kostka S, Kraft R et al. Importin 13: A novel mediator of nuclear import and export. EMBO J 2001; 20:3685–3694.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Mohr SE, Dillon ST, Boswell RE. The RNA-binding protein Tsunagi interacts with Mago Nashi to establish polarity and localize oskar mRNA during Drosophila oogenesis. Genes Dev 2001; 15:2886–2899.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Moy TI, Silver PA. Nuclear export of the small ribosomal subunit requires the Ran-GTPase cycle and certain nucleoporins. Genes Dev 1999; 13:2118–2133.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Murphy R, Watkins JL, Wente SR. GLE2, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae homologue of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe export factor RAE1, is required for nuclear pore complex structure and function. Mol Biol Cell 1996; 7:1921–1937.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Murphy R, Wente SR. An RNA-export mediator with an essential nuclear export signal. Nature 1996; 383:357–360.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Nakielny S, Dreyfuss G. Transport of proteins and RNAs in and out of the nucleus. Cell 1999; 99:677–690.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Neville M, Rosbash M. The NES-Crm1p export pathway is not a major mRNA export route in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. EMBO J 1999; 18:3746–3756.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Newmark P, Boswell R. The mago nashi locus encodes an essential product required for germ plasm assembly in Drosophila. Development 1994; 120:1303–1313.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Ohno M, Segref A, Bachi A et al. PHAX, a mediator of U snRNA nuclear export whose activity is regulated by phosphorylation. Cell 2000; 101:187–198.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Paschal BM, Gerace L. Identification of NTF2, a cytosolic factor for nuclear import that interacts with nuclear pore complex protein p62. J Cell Biol 1995; 129:925–937.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Pollard VW, Michael WM, Nakielny S et al. A novel receptor-mediated nuclear protein import pathway. Cell 1996; 86:985–994.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Pritchard CEJ, Fornerod M, Kasper LH et al. RAE1 is a shuttling mRNA export factor that binds to a GLEBS-like NUP98 motif at the nuclear pore complex through multiple domains. J Cell Biol 1999; 145:237–254.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Reed R, Hurt E. A conserved mRNA export machinery coupled to pre-mRNA splicing. Cell 2002; 108:523–531.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Reed R, Magni K. A new view of mRNA export: Separating the wheat from the chaff. Nat Cell Biol 2001; 3:E201–4.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Ribbeck K, Gorlich D. Kinetic analysis of translocation through nuclear pore complexes. EMBO J 2001; 20:1320–1330.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Rodrigues JP, Rode M, Gatfield D et al. REF proteins mediate the export of spliced and unspliced mRNAs from the nucleus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001; 98:1030–1035.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Rout MP, Aitchison JD, Suprapto A et al. The yeast nuclear pore complex: Composition, architect ture, and transport mechanism. J Cell Biol 2000; 148:635–652.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Ruiz-Echevarria MJ, Gonzalez CI, Peltz SW. Identifying the right stop: Determining how the surveillance complex recognizes and degrades an aberrant mRNA. EMBO J 1998; 17:575–589.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Santos-Rosa H, Moreno H, Simos G et al. Nuclear mRNA export requires complex formation between Mex67p and Mtr2p at the nuclear pores. Mol Cell Biol 1998; 18:6826–6838.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Schmitt C, von Kobbe C, Bachi A et al. Dbp5, a DEAD-box protein required for mRNA export, is recruited to the cytoplasmic fibrils of nuclear pore complex via a conserved interaction with CAN/Nup159p. EMBO J 1999; 18:4332–4347.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Schmitt I, Gerace L. In vitro analysis of nuclear transport mediated by the C-terminal shuttle domain of Tap. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:42355–42363.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Seedorf, M, Damelin M, Kahana J et al. Interactions between a nuclear transporter and a subset of nuclear pore complex proteins depend on Ran GTPase. Mol Cell Biol 1999; 19:1547–1557.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Segref A, Sharma K, Doye V et al. Mex67p, a novel factor for nuclear mRNA export, binds to both poly(A)+ RNA and nuclear pores. EMBO J 1997; 16:3256–3271.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Siniossoglou S, Lutzmann M, Santos-Rosa H et al. Structure and assembly of the Nup84p com plex. J Cell Biol 2000; 149:41–54.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Siomi MC, Eder PS, Kataoka N et al. Transportin-mediated nuclear import of heterogeneous nuclear RNP proteins. J Cell Biol 1997; 138:1181–1192.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Stoffler D, Fahrenkrog B, Aebi U. The nuclear pore complex: From molecular architecture to functional dynamics. Curr Opin Cell Biol 1999; 11:391–401.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Strahm Y, Fahrenkrog B, Zenklusen D et al. The RNA export factor Glelp is located on the cytoplasmic fibrils of the NPC and physically interacts with the FG-nucleoporin Rip1p, the DEAD-box protein Rat8p/Dbp5p and a new protein Ymr255p. EMBO J 1999; 18:5761–5777.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Sträßer K, Hurt E. Yralp, a conserved nuclear RNA-binding protein, interacts directly with Mex67p and is required for mRNA export. EMBO J 2000; 19:410–420.

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Sträßer K, Hurt E. Splicing factor Sub2p is required for nuclear mRNA export through its inter action with Yra1p. Nature 2001; 413:648–652.

    CrossRef  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Stutz F, Bachi A, Doerks T et al. REF, an evolutionary conserved family of hnRNP-like proteins, interacts with TAP/Mex67p and participates in mRNA nuclear export. RNA 2000; 6:638–650.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Tan W, Zolotukhin AS, Bear J et al. The mRNA export in Caenorhabditis elegans is mediated by Ce-NXF-1, an ortholog of human TAP/NXF and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mex67p. RNA 2000; 6:1762–1772.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Visa N, Alzhanova-Ericsson AT, Sun X et al. A pre-mRNA-binding protein accompanies the RNA from the gene through the nuclear pores and into polysomes. Cell 1996; 84:253–264.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Wiegand HL, Coburn GA, Zeng Y et al. Formation of Tap/NXT1 heterodimers activates Tap-dependent nuclear mRNA export by enhancing recruitment to nuclear pore complexes. Mol Cell Biol 2002; 22:245–256.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Wilkie GS, Zimyanin V, Kirby R et al. Small bristles, the Drosophila ortholog of NXF-1, is essential for mRNA export throughout development. RNA 2001; 7:1781–1792.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Yoshida K, Blobel G. The karyopherin Kap142p/Msn5p mediates nuclear import and nuclear ex port of different cargo proteins. J Cell Biol 2001; 152:729–740.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Zhao X-F, Nowak NJ, Shows TB et al. MAGOH interacts with a novel RNA-binding protein. Genomics 2000; 63:145–148.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Zhou Z, Luo M-J, Straesser K et al. The protein Aly links pre-messenger-RNA splicing to nuclear export in metazoans. Nature 2000; 407:401–405.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Zolotukhin AS, Tan W, Bear J et al. U2AF participates in the binding of TAP (NXF1) to mRNA. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:3935–3942.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Mayeda A, Badolato J, Kobayashi R et al. Purification and characterization of human RNPS1: a general activator of pre-mRNA splicing. EMBO J 1999; 18:4560–4570.

    CrossRef  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Genome Research, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan

    Tetsuya Taura, Mikiko C. Siomi & Haruhiko Siomi

Authors
  1. Tetsuya Taura
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mikiko C. Siomi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Haruhiko Siomi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Eurekah.com and Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Taura, T., Siomi, M.C., Siomi, H. (2005). The Molecular Mechanisms of mRNA Export. In: Nuclear Import and Export in Plants and Animals. Molecular Biology Intelligence Unit. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-27747-1_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

search

Navigation