Conclusion
Misidentification of ceramics and pottery is always possible so long as stains hide the true color and nature of the piece and tool marks and mold marks are obscured by concretion and staining. Fortunately conservation remedies for these problems are not difficult and will aid in the micro-excavation and evaluation of siliceous artifacts.
Yet ceramic, glass and lithic artifacts pose unique problems for the archaeologist/ conservator. In many ways the robust nature of these objects work against them, in that they deceive the archaeologist/conservator, or curator into thinking that the materials are indestructible and need no stabilization. This is simply not the case, many of these artifacts have been damaged over time in a great many ways and many will continue to degrade in the laboratory or museum if the artifact is not treated and stabilized for storage.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Chapter 6: Archaeological Ceramic, Glass and Stone
“An Act of Faith and the Restorer’s Art.” Smithsonian Vol. 30No. 8, 1999, pp. 76–85. [ECU788]
Andre, Jean-Michel. The Restorer’s Handbook of Ceramics and Glass. Toronto: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1976.
Beaubein, L.A. “Ceramics, Paper, Fabrics, Photographic Materials, and Magnetic Tape.” Seawater Corrosion Handbook. M. Schumacher, ed. Park Ridge, New Jersey: Noyes Data Corporation, 1979: 466–472.
Bhargav, J.S., R.C. Mishra, and C.R. Das. “Environmental Deterioration of Stone Monuments of Bhubaneswar, the Temple City of India.” Studies in Conservation Vol. 44No. 1, 1999, pp. 1–11. [ECU-710]
Biser, Benjamin. Elements of Glass and Glassmaking. Pittsburgh: Glass and Pottery Publishing, 1899.
Brill, Robert H. “Ancient Glass.” Scientific American (November 1969): 120–130. [ECU-269]
—. “Analyses of Some Finds from the Gnalic Wreck.” Journal of Glass Studies 15 (1973): 93–97. [ECU-131]
—. “Crizzling—A Problem in Glass Conservation.” Conservation in Archaeology and Fine Arts. (International Institute for Conservation, London) (1975): 121–134.
—. “The Use of Equilibrated Silica Gel for the Protection of Glass with Incipient Crizzling.” Journal of Glass Studies 9 (1978): 1001–1118.
Brus, Jiöi and Petr Kotlik. “Consolidation of Stone by Mixtures of Alkoxysilane and Acrylic Polymer.” Studies in Conservation Vol. 41No. 2, 1996, pp. 109–119. [ECU-711]
ai]Buys, Susan and Victoria Oakley. Conservation and Restoration of Ceramics. London: Elsevier, 1996.
Caldararo, Niccolo. “Conservation Treatments of Paintings on Ceramic and Glass: Two Case Studies.” Studies in Conservation Vol. 42No. 3, 1997, pp. 57–164. [ECU-712]
CCI Laboratory Staff. “Care of Black-and-White Photographic Glass Plate Negatives.” CCI Notes (Canadian Conservation Institute) 16/2 (1988). [ECU-442]
CCI Laboratory Staff. “Care of Ceramics and Glass.” CCI Notes (Canadian Conservation Institute) 5/1 (1991). [ECU-352]
CCI Laboratory Staff. “Care of Argillite.” CCI Notes (Canadian Conservation Institute) 12/1 (1992). [ECU-461]
Clow, A. & N.L. Clow. “Ceramics from the 15th Century to the Rise of the Staffordshire Potteries.” A History of Technology Vol IV: The Industrial Revolution c. 1750–1850. Oxford University Press, London 1958. [ECU-565]
Collins, Chris. Care and Conservation of Palaeontological Material. London: Butterworths, 1995.
Cronyn, J.M. The Elements of Archaeological Conservation. London: Rutledge, 1990.
Crossley, D.W. and F.A. Aberg. “Sixteenth Century Glass-Making in Yorkshire: Excavations at Furnaces at Hutton and Rosedale, North Riding, 1968–71.” Post Medieval Archaeology 6 (1972): 107–59.
Coysh, A.W. & Henrywood, R.K. The Dictionary of Blue and White Printed Pottery, 1780–1880. Vol. 1. Woodridge, Suffolk: Antiques Collectors Club Ltd. 1982.
Davison, Sandra. The Conservation of Glass. London: Butterworths, 1982.
Dei, Luigi, Andreas Ahle, Piero Baglioni, Daniela Dini, and Enzo Ferroni. “Green Degradation Producst of Azurite in Wall Paintings: Identification and Conservation Treatment.” Studies in. Conservation Vol. 43No. 2, 1998, pp. 80–88. [ECU-713]
Dimes, F.G. and Ashurst, J. Conservation of Building and Decorative Stone. London: Elsevier, 1998.
Frank, Susan. Glass and Archaeology. London: Academic Press, 1982.
Gilles, William B. “Bottles from the Sea, Part I.: Recovery and Treatment.” Skin Diver (April 1986): 114–119. [ECU-428]
Glass Glossary. Parks Canada—National Historic Parks and Sites, 1989. [ECU-433]
Godden, Geoffrey A. New handbook of British Pottery & Porcelain Marks. London: Barrie & Jenkins, 1968.
Goodenough, Robert D. “Method and Composition for Removing Iron Stains from Porcelain.” (U.S. Patent Number 3,721,629): 1–4.
Guldbeck, Per E. “Ceramics: Care and Conservation.” The Care of Antiques and Historical Collections. Nashville: AASLH Press, 1986. [ECU-321]
—. “Glass: Problems and Solutions.” The Care of Antiques and Historical Collections. Nashville: AASLH Press, 1986. [ECU-322]
Hamilton, Donny. Methods for Conserving Underwater Archaeological Material Culture. College Station, TX: Texas A & M University, 1998.
Hawley, J.K., Kawai, E.A., and C. Sergeant. “The Removal of Rust Stains from Arctic Tin Can Labels Using Sodium Hydrosulfite,” Journal of the IIC-CG, 6 (1 & 2) (1981): 17–24.
Hodges, Henry. Artifacts: An Introduction to Early Materials and Technology: Chapter 2: Glazes. John Baker, London 1964. [ECU-566]
Howie, M.P. Frank. Care and Conservation of Geological Material, Minerals, Rocks, Meteorites and. Lunar Finds. London: Elsevier, 1992.
Hunter, Robert, ed. Ceramics in America. London: Chipstone Foundation, 2001.
Ilik-Yürüksoy and Olgun Güven. “The Preservation of Denizlilimestones by in-situ Polymerization.” Studies in Conservation Vol. 42No. 1, 1997, pp. 55–60. [ECU-714]
Jedrzejewska, Hanna. “Removal of Soluable Salts from Stone.” Proceedings (IIC Conference on the Conservation of Stone & Wooden Objects, New York) 1 (1971): 19–33.
—. “The Kern Effigy: Its Discovery, Interpretation, and Infield Preservation.” Curator Vol. 36No. 1, 1993, pp. 66–78. [ECU-715]
Koob, S.P. “The Removal of Aged Shellac Adhesive from Ceramics.” Studies in Conservation 24 (1979): 134–35. [ECU-181]
Koob, Stephan. “Obsolete Fill Materials Found on Ceramics.” Journal of the American Institute for. Conservation Vol. 31No. 2, 1992. [ECU-716]
Koob, Stephan and Won Yee Ng. “The Desalination of Ceramics Using a Semi-Automated Continuous Washing Station.” Studies in Conservation Vol. 45No. 4, 2000, pp. 265–273. [ECU-717]
—. “The Use of Paraloid B-72 as an Adhesive: Its Application for Archaeological Ceramics and other Material.” Studies in Conservation 31 (1986): 7–14. [ECU-306]
Kovel, Ralph and Terry Kovel. “Bottles.” Know Your Antiques. New York: Crown Publishers, 1967: 100–115. [ECU-0367]
MacLeod, Ian D. “Desalination of Glass, Stone, and Ceramics Recovered from Shipwreck Sites.” ICOM Proceedings (Sydney) (1987): 1005–1007.
Mack, Robert C. “Brick and Stone Preservation: The First Steps.” Early American Life (June 1977): 52–57. [ECU-424]
Matero, Frank G. and Albert Tagle. “Cleaning, Iron Stain Removal, and Surface Repair of Architectural Marble and Crystalline Limestone: The Metropolitan Club.” Journal of the American Institute for Conservation Vol. 34No. 1, 1995. [ECU-718]
McKearin, George S. and Helen McKearin. American Glass. New York: Crown Publishers, 1941.
Mibach, Lisa. “The Restoration of Coarse Archaeological Ceramics.” Proceedings N. Brommellie and P. Smith, eds., (1975 Stockholm Congress, International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works) (1975): 63–68.
Moyer, Cynthia and Gordon Hanlon. “Conservation of the Darnault Mirror: An Acrylic Emulsion Compensation System.” Journal of the American Institute for Conservation Vol. 35No. 3, 1996. [ECU-719]
Munnikendam, R.A. “Preliminary Notes on the Consolidation of Porous Building Materials by Impregnation with Monomers.” Studies in Conservation 12 (1967): 158–62. [ECU-345]
Newton, Roy and Sandra Davison. The Conservation of Glass. London: Butterworths, 1989.
Nylander, Carl. “S.O.S. for Ancient Monuments.” Archaeology 41 (1988). [ECU-348]
Oddy, W.A. and H. Lane. “The Conservation of Waterlogged Shale.” Studies in Conservation 21 (1976): 63–66.
Olive, J. and C. Pearson. “Conservation of Ceramics from Marine Archaeological Sources.” Conservation in Archaeology and the Applied Arts (Proceedings of the 1975 Stockholm Congress, International Institute for Conservation, London) (1975): 63–68.
Pannel, Jane. “Conservation of Glass in Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology.” Uluslararasi Anadolu Cam Sanati Sempozumu Kitabi (1990): 47–50, 113–114.
Pauter, Ian. “An Investigation into the Drying and Consolidation of Wet Glass Recovered From the Mary Rose.” ICOM Proceedings (Sydney) (1987): 1013–1016.
Pearson, Colin. “Deterioration of Ceramics, Glass, and Stone.” Conservation of Marine Archaeological. Objects. Butterworths, London, 1987. [ECU-562]
Pessoa, J. Costa, J.L. Farinha Antunes, M.O. Figueiredo, and M.A. Fortes. “Removal and Analysis of Soluable Salts from Ancient Tiles.” Studies in Conservation Vol. 41No. 3, 1996, pp. 153–160. [ECU-720]
Plenderleith, H.J.& Werner, A.E.A. The Conservation of Antiquities and Works of Art. London: Oxford University Press, 1971.
“Preservation of Historic Masonry.” Journal of the Association of Preservation Technology Vol. 26No. 4, 1995. [ECU-721]
Rodgers, Bradley A. The East Carolina University Conservator’s Cookbook: A Methodological Approach to the Conservation of Water Soaked Artifacts. Herbert R. Paschal Memorial Fund Publication, East Carolina University, Program in Maritime History and Underwater Research, 1992. [ECU-0402]
Saleh, Saleh A., Fatma M. Helmi, Monir M. Kamal, and Abdel-Fattah E. El-Banna. “Study and Consolidation of Sandstone.” Studies in Conservation Vol. 37No. 2, 1992, pp. 93–104. [ECU-722]
Sease, Catherine. A Conservation Manual for the Field Archaeologist. (Archaeological Research Tools Vol. 4, Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles) (1987). [ECU-221]
Singley, Katherine. The Conservation of Archaeological Artifacts From Freshwater Environments. South Haven, MI.: Lake Michigan Maritime Museum, 1988.
Smith, Wayne C. Archaeological Conservation Using Polymers, Practical Applications for Organic. Artifact Stabilization. College Station, Texas A & M University Press, 2003.
Staniforth, Mark & Nash, Mike. Chinese Export Porcelain from the Wreck of the Sydney Cove (1797). Tasmania: The Australian Institute for Maritime Archaelogy, Inc., 1998.
Stein, Rena E., Jocelyn Kimmel, Michele Marincola, and Friederike Klemm. “Observations on Cyclododecane as a Temporary Consolidant for Stone.” Journal of the American Institute for Conservation Vol. 39No. 3, 2000. [ECU-723]
Sullivan, Catherine and Olive Jones. The Parks Canada Glass Glossary (Canada Parks Service, Ottawa) (1989).
Thomson, Garry, ed. Conservation of Stone. Proceedings (IIC Conference on the Conservation of Stone and Wooden Objects, New York) 1 (1971).
Warren, John. Conservation of Brick. London: Elsevier, 1998.
Weier, Lucy E. “The Deterioration of Inorganic Materials Under the Sea.” Archaeological Bulletin (University of London, II) (1974): 131–63.
Wenker, Bert and Ellen Wenker. The Main Street Pocket Guide to North American Pottery and Porcelain. Pittstown, New Jersey: Main Street Press, 1985.
Williams, Nigel. Porcelain—Repair and Restoration. London: British Museum, 1983.
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
(2004). Archaeological Ceramic, Glass, and Stone. In: The Archaeologist’s Manual for Conservation. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48613-X_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48613-X_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-306-48466-7
Online ISBN: 978-0-306-48613-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive