Abstract
Tight junction is the apical most structure in epithelium as well as in the endothelium. Its main function is to control the paracellular diffusion of ions and certain molecules. Although the structure has been known for decades, the molecular composition of the tight junction has only been recognised in the past decade. Molecules making up tight junctions include the transmembrane proteins occludin, claudin and paracellin, and cytoplasmic proteins, MAGUK family members. The structure has now been demonstrated as also having a role in the control of cancer cell penetration of the endothelium and in the development of cancer.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Anderson JM and Vanitallie CM. 1995 Tight junctions and the molecular-basis for regulation of paracellular permeability. Am. J. Physiol., 32, G467–475
Tsukita S, Furuse M, Itoh M. 1996. Molecular dissection of tight junctions. Cell Structure Function, 21, 381–385
Stevenson BR, Siliciano JD, Mooseker MS, Goodenough DA. 1986. Identification of ZO-1: a high molecular weight polypeptide associated with the tight junction (zonula occludens) in a variety of epithelial. J Cell Biol, 103, 755–766
Anderson JM, Stevenson BR, Jesaitis LA, Goodnough DA, Mooseker MS. 1988. Characterisation of ZO-1, a protein component of the tight junction from mouse liver and Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. J Cell Biol, 106, 1141–1149
Saunders NR, Dziegielewska KM, and Mollgard K. 1991. The importance of the blood brain in fetuses and embryos. Trend Neurosci, 14, 1–14
Marfatia SM, Lue RA, Branton D, Chishti AH. 1994. In vitro binding studies suggest a membrane associated complex between erythroid p55, protein 4.1, and glycophorin C. J Biol Chem., 269, 8631–8634
Brenman JE, Chao DS, Gee SH, McGee AW, Craven SE, et al. 1996. Interaction of nitric oxide synthase with the postsynaptic density protein PSD-95 and alpha 1 syntrophin mediated by PDZ domains. Cell, 84, 757–767
Mayer BJ, Ren R, Clark KL, Baltimore D. 1993. A putative modular domain present in diverse signaling proteins. Cell, 73, 629–630
Ren R, Mayer BJ, Chichetti P, Baltimore D. 1993. Identification of a ten-amino acid preoline-rich SH3 bidning site. Science, 259, 1157–1161
Stehle T, Schulz GE. 1990. Three dimensional structure of the complex of guanylate kinase from yeast with its substrate GMP. J Mol Biol, 211, 249–254
Takeichi M, Hata Y, Hirao K, Toyada A, Irie M, Takai Y. 1997. SAPAPS— a family of PSD-95/SAP90 associated proteins localized at postsynaptic density. J Biol Chem, 272, 11943–11951
Gumbiner B, Lowendopf T, Apatira D. 1991. Identification of a 160 kDa polypeptide that binds to the tight junction protein ZO-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 88, 3460–3464
Hasins J, Gu L, Wittchen E, Hibbard J, Stevenson BR. 1998. ZO-3, a novel member of the MAGUK protein family found at the tight junction, interact with ZO-1 and occludin. J Cell Bil, 141, 199–208
Balda MS, Gonzalez-Mariscal L, Matter K, Cereijido M, Anderson JM. 1993. Assembly of tight junction, the role of diacylglycerol. J Cell Biol, 123, 293–302
Jesaitis LA and Goodenough DA. 1994. Molecular characterizationand tissue distributionof ZO-2, a tight junction protein homologous to ZO-1 and the drosophila disc large tumour suppressor protein. J Cell Biol, 124, 949–961
Citi S, Sabanay H, Jakes R, Geiger B, and Kendrick-Jones J. 1988. Cingulin, a new peripheal component of tight jenctions. Nature, 333, 272–276
Stevenson BR, Heintzelman MB, Anderson JM, Citi S, Mooseker MD. 1989. ZO-1 and cingulin: tight junctin proteins with distinct identities and localisations. Am J Physiol, 257, C621–C628
Zhong Y, Enomoto K, Tobioka H, Konishi Y, Satoh M, and Mori M. 1994. Sequential decreasein tight junctions as revealed by 7H6 tight junction associated protein during rat hepatocarcinogenesis. Japn J Cancer Res, 85, 351–356
Zhong Y, Saitoh T, Misase T, Sawada N, Enomoto K, and Mori M. Monoclonal antibody 7H6 reacts with a novel tight junction associated protein distinct from ZO-1, cingulin, and ZO-2. J Cell Biol, 120, 477–483
Weber E, Berta G, Tousson A John SP, Green MW. 1994. Expression and polarizaed targeting of a Rab 3 isoform in epithelial cells. J Cell Biol, 125, 583–594
Keon BH, Schafer S, Kuhn C, Grund C, Franke WW. 1996. Symplekin, a novel type of tight juction plaque protein. J Cell Biol, 134, 1003–1018
Merzdorf CS and Goodenough. 1997. Localisation of a novel 210 kDA protein in Xenopus tight junctions. J Cell Sci, 110, 1005–1012
Yamamoto T, Harada N, Kano K, Taya SI, Canaani E, Matsuura Y, Mizoguchi A, Ide C, and Kaibuchi K. 1997. The ras target AF-6 interacts with ZO-1 and serves as a peripheral component of tight junctions in epithelial cells. J. Cell Biol., 139, 785–795
Furuse M, Hirase T, Itoh M, Nagafuchi A, Yonemura S, Tsukita S, Tsukita S. 1993. Occludin — a novel integral membrane-protein localizing at tight junctions. J. Cell Biol, 123, 1777–1788
Itoh M, Nagafuchi A, Yonemura S, Kitani-Yasuda T, Tsukita SA, and Tsukita SH. 1993. The220-kDaprotein colocalising with cadherins in non-epithelial cells is identical to ZO-1, a tight junction associated protein in epithelial cells: cDNA cloning and immunoelectron microscopy. J Cell Biol, 121, 491–502
Furuse M, Itoh M, Hirase T, Nagafuchi A, Yonemura S, Tsukita S, Tsukita S. 1994. Direct association of occludin with zo-1 and its possible involvement in the localization of occludin at tight junctions. J Cell Biol, 127, 1617–1626
Chen YH, Merzdorf C, Paul DL, and Goodenough DA. 1997. COOH terminus of occludin is required for tight junction barrier function in early Xenopus embryos. J Cell Biol, 138, 891–899
Matter K and Balda MS. 1998. Biogenesis of tight junctions: the C-terminal domain of occludin mediates basolateral targeting. J Cell Sci, 111, 511–519
Balda MS, Whitney JA, Flores C, Gonzalez S, Cereijido M, Matter K. 1996. Functional dissociation of paracellular permeability and transepithelial electrical-resistance and disruption of the apical-basolateral intramembrane diffusion barrier by expression of a mutant tight junction membrane-protein. J. Cell Biol., 134, 1031–1049
Furuse M, Fujimoto K, Sato N, Hirase T, Tsukita S, Tsukita S. 1996. Overexpression of occludin, a tight junction-associated integral membrane-protein, induces the formation of intracellular multilamellar bodies bearing tight junction-like structures. J Cell Sci., 109, 429–435
McCarthy KM, Skare IB, Stankewich MC, Furuse M, Tsukita S, Rogers R.A., Lynch RD, Schneeberger EE. 1996. Occludin is a functional component of the tight junction. J Cell Sci., 109, 2287–2298
Wong V and Gumbiner BM 1997.A synthetic peptide corresponding to the extracellular domain of occludin perturbs thetight junctionpermeabilitybarrier. J. Cell Biol., 136, 399–409
LacazVieira F, Jaeger MMM, Farshori P, Kachar B. 1999. Small synthetic peptides homologous to segments of the first externalloop ofoccludin impair tight junction resealing. J Membrane Biol, 168, 289–297
Saitou M, Ando-Akatsuka Y, Itoh M, Furuse M, Inazawa J, Fujimoto K, and Tsukita S. 1997, Mammalian occludin in epithelial cells:its expression and subcellular distribution. Eur J Cell Biol, 73, 222–231
Furuse M, Fujita K, Hiiragi T, Fujimoto K, Tsukita S. 1998. Claudin-1 and-2: Novel integral membrane proteins localizing at tight junctions with no sequence similarity to occludin. J Cell Biol, 141, 1539–1550
Morita K, Furuse M, Fujimoto K, and Tsukita S. 1999. Claudin multigene family endoding four-transmembrane domain protein components of tihgt junction proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 96, 511–516
Furuse M, Sasaki H, Fujimoto K, and Tsukita S. 1998. Asingle gene product, claudin-1 or-2, reconstitutes tight junction strangs and recruits occludin in fibroblasts. J Cell Biol, 143, 391–401
Tsukita S and Furuse M.1999. Occludin and claudins in tight-junction strands: leading or supporting players? Trend Cell Biol, 9, 268–273
StadSimon DB, Lu Y, Choate KA, Velazquez H, AlSabban E, Praga M, Casari C, Bettinelli A, Colussi C, Rodriguez Soriano J, McCredie D, Milford D, Sanjad S, Lifton RP. 1999. Paracellin-1, a renaltight junction protein required for paracellular Mg2+ resorption. Science, 285,103–106
Wong V, Goodenough DA. Paracellular channels. Science, 285, 62
McLay RN, Kimura M, Banks WA, Kastin AJ. 1997. Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor crosses theblood-brain and blood spinal cordbarriers. Brain. 120, 2083–2091
Hirase T, Staddon JM, Saitou M, Ando Akatsuka Y, Itoh M, Furuse M, Fujimoto K, Tsukita S, Rubin LL. 1997 Occludin as a possible determinant of tight junction permeability in endothelial cells. J Cell Sci, 110, 1603–1613
Risau W and Wolburg H. 1990. Development of the blood brain barrier. Trend Neurosci, 13,174–178
Wakai S and Hirokawa N 1978. Development of the blood brain barrier to horseradish peroxidase in the chick embryo. Cell Tissue Res, 195, 195–203
Hart IR, Goode NT, and Wilson RE. 1989. Molecular aspectsof themetastatic cascade.Biochim Biophys Acta, 989, 65–84
Jiang WG, Puntis MCA, and Hallett MB. 1994.The moleclar and cellular basis of cancer invasion and metastasis and its implications for treatment. Br J Surg. 81, 1576–1590
Satoh H, Zhong Y, Isomura H, Saitoh M, Enomoto K, Sawada N, Mori M. 1996. Localization of 7H6 tight junction associated antigen along the cell border of vascular endothelial cell correlates with paracellular barrier function against ions, large molecules, and cancer cells. Exp Cell Res, 222, 269–274
Tobioka H, Sawada N, Zhong Y, Mori M. 1996. Enhanced paracellular barrier function of rat mesothelial cells partially protects against cancer cell penetration. Br. J. Cancer, 74, 439–445
Utoguchi N, Mizuguchi H, Saeki K., Ikeda K, Tsutsumi Y, Nakagawa S, Mayumi T. 1995 Tumor-conditioned medium increases macromolecular permeability of endothelial-cell monolayer. Cancer Lett., 89,7–14
Burns AR, Calker DC, Brown ES, Thurmon LT, Bowden RA, Keese CR, Simon SI, Entman ML, and Smith CW. 1997. Neutrophil transendothelial migration is independent of tight junctions and occurs preferentially at tricellular corners. J Immunol, 159, 2893–2903
Pauli BU, Weinstein RS, Alroy J, Arai M. 1977. Ultrastructure of celljunctions in FANFT-induced urothelial tumors in urinary bladder of Fischer rats. Lab Invest, 37, 609–621
Alroy J. 1979. Ultrastructure of canine urinary bladder carcinomas. VetPathol, 16, 693–701
Kerjaschki D, Krisch K, Sleyter UB, Umrath W, Jakesz R, Depisch D, Kokoschika R, Horandner H. 1979. The structure of tight junctions in human thyroid tumours.A systematic freeze-fracture study. Am J Pathol, 96, 207–225
Polak-Charcon S, Shoham J, Ben-Shaul Y. 1980.Tight junctions in epithelial cells of human feta hindgut,normal colon, and colon adenocarcinoma. J Natl Cancer Instil, 65, 53–62
Hoover KB, Liao SY, Bryant PJ. 1998. Loss of thetight junction MAGUK ZO-1 in breast cancer—Relationship to glandular differentiation and loss of heterozygosity. Am J Pathol, 153, 1767–1773
Kimura Y, Shiozaki H, Hirao M, Maeno Y, Doki Y, Inoue M, Monden Y, Ando-Akatsuka Y, Furuse M, Tsukita S, and Monden M. 1997. Expression of occludin, tight junction associated protein in human digestive tract. Am.J.Pathol., 151, 45–54
Chilenski A, Ketels KV, Tsao MS, Talamonti MS, Anderson MR, Oyasu R, and Scarpelli DG. 1999. Tight junction protein ZO-2is differentiaaly expressed in normal pacreatic ducts compared to human pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Int J Cancer, 82, 137–144
Cochand Priollet B, Raison D, Molinie V, Guillausseau PJ, Wassef M, Bouchaud C. 1998. Altered gap and tight junctions in human thyroid oncocytic tumors: A study of 8 cases by freeze-fracture. Ultrastruct Pathol, 22, 413–420
Itoh M, Nagafuchi A, Moroi S, Tsukita S. 1997.Involvement of ZO-1 incadherinbased cell adhesion through its direct binding to or catenin and actin filaments. J. Cell Biol.,138,181–192
Van Itallie CM, and Anderson JM. 1997. Occludin confers adhesiveness when expressed in fibroblasts. J.Cell Sci., 110, 1113–1121
Ando Akatsuka Y, Yonemura S, Itoh M, Furuse M, Tsukita S. 1999. Differential behavior of E-cadherin and occludin in their colocalization with ZO-1during the establishment of epithelial cell polarity. J Cell Physiol, 179, 115–125
Wan H, Winton HL, Soeller C, Tovey ER, Gruenert DC, Thompson PJ, Stewart GA, Taylor GW, Garrod DR, Cannell MB, and Robinson C. 1999. Der P1 facilitates transepithelial allergen delivery by disruptioin of tight junctionsl J Clin Invest. 104, 123–133
Tilling T, Korte D, Hoheisel D, Galla HJ. 1998 Basement membrane proteins influence brain capillary endothelial barrier function in vitro. J Neurochemistry, 71, 1151–1157
Lewalle JM, Bajou K, Desreux J, Mareel M, Dejana E, Noel A, and Foidart JM. 1997. Alteration of interendothelial adherens junctions following tumor cellendothelial interact ioninvitro. Exp Cell Res, 237, 347–356
Youakim A, Ahdieh M. 1999.Interferongammadecreases barrier function inT84 cells by reducing ZO-1 levels and disrupting apical actin. Am J Physiol, 39, G1279–G1288
Schimitz H, Fromm M, Bentzel CJ, Scholz P, Detjen K, Mankertz J, Bode H, Epple HJ, Riecken EO, Schulzke JD. 1999. Tumor necrosisfactor-alpha(TNFalpha) regulates the epithelial barrier in the human intestinalcell lineHT-29/B6. J Cell Sci, 112,137–146
Van Itallie CM, Anderson JM. 1999. Tight-junction protein ZO-1 isoforms (alpha(+) andalpha(-)) showdifferential extractability and epidermal-growth-factor-induced tyrosine phosphorylation in A431 cells. Protoplasma. 206, 211–218
Jiang WG, Hiscox S, Matsumoto K, and Nakamura T. 1999. Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor, its molecular, cellular and clinical impact in the development of cancer. Crit Rev Oncology Hematology, 29, 209–248
Nusrat A, Parkos CA, Bacarra AE, Godowski PJ, Delparcher C, Rosen EM, Madara JL. 1994. Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor effects on epitheliaregulation ofintercellular-junctions in transformed and nontransformed celllines, basolateral polarization ofc-met receptor. J. Clin. Invest., 93, 2056–2065
Grisendi S, Arpin M, Crepaldi T. 1998. Effect of hepatocyte growth factor on assembly of zonula occluden-1protein at the plasma membrane. Cell Physiol, 176, 465–471
Jiang WG, Martin TA, Matsumoto K, Nakamura T, Mansel RE. 1999. Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor decreases the expression of occludin and transendothelial resestance (TER) and increases paracellular permeability in human vascular endothelial cells. J Cell Physiol, 181, in press
Petroll WM, Jester JV, Barry Lane PA, Cavanagh HD.1996 Effects of basic FGF and TGF(beta1) on F-actin and ZO-1 organization during cat endothelial wound healing. Cornea, 15, 525–532
Woo PL, Cha HH, Singer KL, and Firestone GL. 1996. Antagonistic regulation of tight junction dynamics by glucocorticoids and transforming growth factor beta in mouse mammary epithelial cells. J Biol Chem, 271, 404–412
Buse P, Woo PL, Alexander DB, Cha HH, Reza A, Sirota ND, and Firestone GL. 1995.Transforming growth factoralpha abrogate glucocortinoid-stimulated tight junction formationa nd growth suppression in rat mammary epithelial tumour cells.J Biol Chem, 270, 6505–6514
Duffey ME, Hainau B, Ho S, and Bentzel CJ. 1981. Regulation of epithelial tight junction permeability by cyclic AMP. Nature, 294, 451–453
Wolburg H, Neuhaus J, Kniesel U, Kraub B, Schmid EM, Ocalan M, Farrell C, and Riaasu W. 1994. Modulation of tight junction structure in blood-brain barrier endothelial cells, effectsof tissue cutlture, second messengers and cocultured astrocytes. J Cell Sci,,107, 1347–1357
Oliver JA. 1990. Adenulase and protein kinase C mediate opposite actions on endothlial junctions.J Cell Physiol,145, 536–542
Citi S 1992. Protein kinase inhibitors prevent junction dissociationi induced by low extracellular calcium in MDCK cells. J Cell Biol, 117, 169–178
Stuart RO and Nigam SK.1995. Regulated assembly of tight junction by protein kinase C. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 92, 6072–6076
Jou TS, Schneeberger EE, Nelson WJ. 1998. Structural and functional regulation of tight junctions by RhoA and Rac1 small GTPases. J Cell Biol, 142, 101–115
Contreras RG, Ponce A, and Bolivar JJ. 1992, Calcium and tight junctions. In ‘Tightjunctions. Cereijido M (Editor), CRC Press, London, pp139–150
Gillies MC, Su T, Stayt J, Simpson JM, Naidoo D, Salonikas C 1997 Effectof high glucose on permeability of retinal capillary endothelium in vitro. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 38, 635–642
Nlikslager AT, Roberts MC, Rhoads JM, and Argenzio RA. 1997. Prostandlandin I2 and E2 have synergistic role in rescuing epithelial barrier function in porcine ileum. I Clin Invest, 100, 1928–1933
Noske W and Hirsch M. 1986. Morphology of tight junctions in the cilliary epithelium of rabbits during arachidoni cacid induced breakdown of the blooda queous barrier. Cell Tissue Res, 245, 405–412
Jiang WG, Bryce RP, Horrobin DF. 1998, Essential fatty acids, molecular and cellular basis of their anticancer action. Crit Rev Oncology/Hematology, 27,179–209
Jiang WG, Bryce RP, Horrobin DF, Mansel RE. 1998. Regulation of tight junction permeability and occludin expression by polyunsaturated fatty acids. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 244, 414–420
Sakakibara A, Furuse M, Saitou M, Ando-Akatsuka Y, and Tsukita S. 1997. Possible Involvement of phosphorylation of occludin in tight junction formation. J. CellBiol., 137, 1393–1401
Wong V. 1997. Phosphorylation of occludin correlates with occludin localization and function at the tight junction. Am. J. Physiol., 273, C1859–1867
Staddon JM, Herrenknecht K, Smales C, Rubin LL. 1995 Evidence that tyrosine phosphorylation may increase tight junction permeability. J Cell Sci,108, 609–619
Stadon J, Ratcliffe M, Morgan L, Hirase T, Smales C, Rubin L. 1997. Protein phosphorylation and the regulation of cell-celljunctions in brain endothelial cells. Heart Vessel, S12, 106–109
Tsukamoto T and Nigam SK. 1999. Role of tyrosine phosphorylation in the reassembly of occludin and other tight junction proteins. Am J Physiol, 45, F737–F750
Citi S and Denisendo N. 1995. Phosphorylation of the tight junction protein cingulin and the effects of protein-kinase inhibitors and activators in MDCK epithelial-cells. J Cell Sci, 108, 2917–2926
Cordenonsi M, Mazzon E, Rigo LD, Baraldo S, Meggio F,and Citi S. 1997. Occludin dephosphorylation in early development of Xenopus laevis. J Cell Sci, 110, 3131–3139
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Jiang, W.G., Martin, T., Llaffafian, I., Mansel, R.E. (2000). Tight Junctions, a Critical Structure in the Control of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis. In: Jiang, W.G., Mansel, R.E. (eds) Cancer Metastasis, Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms and Clinical Intervention. Cancer Metastasis — Biology and Treatment, vol 1. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48388-2_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48388-2_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-0-7923-6395-8
Online ISBN: 978-0-306-48388-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive