Abstract
Conventional electromagnetic theory and quantum mechanics have been very successful in their applications to numerous problems in physics. Nevertheless there are questions leading to difficulties with Maxwell s equations which are not removed by and not associated with quantum mechanics. As a consequence, several new developments have been elaborated which both contribute to the understanding of so far unsolved problems, and predict new features of the electromagnetic field to exist.
In this review some examples are first given on the problems which arise in conventional theory. This is followed by short descriptions of the main characteristics of modified field theories being based on the hypothesis of additional electric currents in vacuo, as well as on more generalized forms including magnetic monopoles and a unification of electromagnetism and gravitation. The new aspects which result from these extended theories are manifold, including both time-dependent states with wave phenomena and timeindependent states with electromagnetic equilibria. The former states are discussed with emphasis on plane waves, axisymmetric models of the individual photon with its integrated parameters and unified wave particle concepts, the possible existence of a nonzero photon rest mass, the thermodynamics of a photon gas, the transition of a beam of photon wave packets into a plane wave, and superluminous phenomena including the basis of tachyon theory. The latter states are discussed with emphasis on particle-shaped electrically neutral and charged equilibria providing possible models for neutrinos and charged leptons, features of the electron behaving nearly as a point charge, string-shaped equilibria, and instantaneous interaction at a distance including longitudinal field components.
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Lehnert, B. (2002). New Developments in Electromagnetic Field Theory. In: Amoroso, R.L., Hunter, G., Kafatos, M., Vigier, JP. (eds) Gravitation and Cosmology: From the Hubble Radius to the Planck Scale. Fundamental Theories of Physics, vol 126. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48052-2_13
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