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Anoxygenic Photosynthetic Bacteria pp 207–230Cite as

Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria: Model Organisms for Studies on Cell Wall Macromolecules

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Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 2))

Summary

The purple bacteria — being spread in the different subdivisions of the Proteobacteria — have a Gram-negative cell wall organization. Satisfactory matching of lipopolysaccharide composition, in particular of the conservative lipid A but also of the core-regions, with genetic studies confirms in many cases the phylogenetic relationship between distinct species of purple bacteria and their nonphototrophic relatives. The deep phylogenetical separation between the green sulfur bacteria (Chlorobiaceae) and the green non-sulfur bacteria (Chloroflexaceae) finds also a remarkable confirmation in the analyses of cell wall composition: The cell wall of Chlorobiaceae is typically Gram-negative with A1 γ-typ peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide, whereas that of Chloroflexus aurantiacus has characteristic properties in common with the Gram-positive cell wall type.

The different lipid A types (lipidAGlcN, lipidAHyb, lipidADAG) found in purple bacteria have proven to be either highly toxic (Rubrivivax gelatinosus) or to exhibit little (Rhodocyclus tenuis) or no toxicity (Rhodobacter capsulatus, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, Rhodopseudomonas viridis). A comparison of their structure-endotoxic activity relationships may contribute to the knowledge of the structural requirements for exhibiting endotoxic activity as well as of the fate and site of action of endotoxin in the higher organism.

The complete three-dimensional structure of the porin of Rhodobacter capsulatus 37b4 (and recently also that of Rhodopseudomonas blastica DSM 2131) has been identified at atomic resolution by X-ray diffraction of crystals. The functional complex is a trimer built up by three identical subunits each forming a pore. Each subunit consists of an antiparallel 16-stranded β-barrel twisted in the usual right-handed manner. The strands are connected mainly by short loops. Among the longer loops, the largest one runs into the inside of the barrel and narrows the channel, defining the pore size. A strong charge-gradient exists within the pore. The porin of Rhodobacter capsulatus is assumingly a paradigm for the hydrophilic pores presently considered as nonspecific of the outer membrane of Proteobacteria.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Biologie II, Mikrobiologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Schänzlestr. 1, D-79104, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany

    Jürgen Weckesser

  2. Max-Planck-Institut für Immunbiologie, Stübeweg 51, D-79108, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany

    Hubert Mayer

  3. Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Albertstr. 21-23, D-79104, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany

    Georg Schulz

Authors
  1. Jürgen Weckesser
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  2. Hubert Mayer
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  3. Georg Schulz
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA

    Robert E. Blankenship

  2. Department of Microbiology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA

    Michael T. Madigan

  3. Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA

    Carl E. Bauer

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© 1995 Kluwer Academic Publishers

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Weckesser, J., Mayer, H., Schulz, G. (1995). Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria: Model Organisms for Studies on Cell Wall Macromolecules. In: Blankenship, R.E., Madigan, M.T., Bauer, C.E. (eds) Anoxygenic Photosynthetic Bacteria. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 2. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47954-0_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47954-0_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-7923-3681-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-306-47954-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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