Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Amnesty International. (1998). Child soldiers. London.
Ardrey, R. (1967). The territorial imperative. New York: Atheneum.
Armenian, H. K. (1989). Perceptions from epidemiological research in an endemic war. Social Science & Medicine, 28, 643–647.
Arunakirinathan, T., Sasikanthan, A., Sivashankar, R., & Somasundaram, D.J. (1993). A study of psychological consequences of traumatic stress in school children under 12 years. Paper presented at the Ninth Annual Scientific Sessions, Jaffna Medical Association, Jaffna, Sri Lanka.
Bandura, A. (1973). Aggression: A social learning analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Baron, N. (1994). A little elephant finds his courage. (Trans. into Tamil Sivathamby, K., Kamalanathan, M., & Shanmugam, M.) Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Bush, K. D., & Saltarelli D., (2000). The two faces of education in ethnic conflict. Florence, Italy: UNICEF.
Committee for National Development. (1984) Sri Lanka: Ethnic conflict (Report). New Delhi, India: Navrang.
Damian, S. (1994). Ula Vallathrurai [Counselling]. Jaffna, Sri Lanka
Daniel, E. V. (1984). Fluid signs—being a person the Tamil way. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
de Jong, J. T. V. M. (1997). TPO program for the identification, management and prevention of psychosocial and mental health problems of refugees and victims of organized violence within primary care of adults and children. Amsterdam: Transcultural Psychosocial Organization. Internal document.
de Jong, J. T. V. M., & Clarke, L. (Eds.). (1996). Mental health of refugees. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Department of Census and Statistics. (1995). Statistical Abstracts (Annuals). Colombo, Sri Lanka
de Silva, K. M. (1981). A History of Sri Lanka. New Delhi, India: Oxford University Press.
Eisenbruch, M. (1991). From post-traumatic stress disorder to cultural bereavement: Diagnosis of Southeast Asian refugees. Social Science & Medicine, 33(6), 673–680.
Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity, youth and crisis. London: Faber & Faber.
Erikson, K. T. (1976). Loss of communality at Buffalo Creek. American Journal of Psychiatry, 135(3), 330–335.
Frankl, V E. (1959). Man’s search for meaning: An introduction to logotherapy. Boston: Beacon Press.
Fromm, E. (1973). The anatomy of human destructiveness. Middlesex, England: Penguin Books.
Geevathasan, M. G., Somasundaram, D. J., & Parameshwaran, S. V. (1993). Psychological consequence of war on adolescents. Paper presented at the Ninth Annual Scientific Sessions, Jaffna Medical Association, Jaffna, Sri Lanka.
Goodhand, J., Lewer, N., & Hume, D. (2000). NGOs and peace building: Sri Lanka study. Institute for Development Policy and Management, University of Manchester, INTRAC and the Department of Peace Studies, University of Bradford.
Greiger, W. (trans.) (1964). The Mahavamsa. London: Pali Text Society, Luzac and Company.
Gunawardena, R. A. L. H. (1990). The People of the Lion: the Sinhala identity and ideology in history and historiography. In J. Spencer (Ed.), Sri Lanka: History and the roots of conflict. London: Routledge.
Helman, C. G. (1994). Culture, health and illness (3rd ed.). Oxford, England: Butterworth-Heineman.
Hirsch, H. (1995). Genocide and the politics of memory. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press.
Ihezue, U. H. (1983). Psychiatric in-patients in Anambra state, Nigeria. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 68, 277–286.
Jareg, E. (1999). Rehabilitation of child soldiers. Workshop on “Taking up the Challenge of Child Soldiers” arranged by the Save the Children Alliance and UNICEF, in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Jayawardena, K. (1986). Ethnic and class conflicts in Sri Lanka. Dehiwala, Sri Lanka: Centre for Social Analysis.
Jeyanthy, K., Loshani, N. A., & Sivarajini, G. (1993). A study of psychological consequences of displacement on family members (III MBBS Research project University of Jaffna, Departement of Community Medicine, Jaffna, Sri Lanka).
Kadiragamar, L. (1996). Mental health in Sri Lanka. Keynote address for the National Council for Mental Health, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Lakshmman, N., & Sivashankar, R. (1994). War stress in children. Paper presented at a seminar on Child Mental Health, Shantiam, Jaffna, Sri Lanka.
Lawrence, P. (1998). Grief in the body: The work of oracles in eastern Sri Lanka. In M. Roberts (Ed.), Sri Lank: Collective identities revisited (Vol. 2, pp. 271–294). Colombo, Sri Lanka: Marga Institute.
Manogaran, C. (1987). Ethics of conflict and reconstruction in Sri Lanka. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press.
Marga Institute. (2001). The Cost of the War. Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Nehru, J. (1991). The discovery of India. New Delhi, India: Oxford University Press.
Nikapota, A., & Samarisinghe, D. (1995). Training manual for helping children in situation of armed conflict. Colombo, Sri Lanka: UNICEF.
NORAD (1988). Growth strategy and Sri Lanka’s poor. Lanka Guardian, II(3).
Obeyesekere, G. (1984). The cult of the goddess Pattini. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Obeyesekere, G. (1988). A meditation on conscience. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Social Scientists’ Association of Sri Lanka.
Pagani, F. (1999). Objectives. Presentation at the WHO workshop “Health as a Bridge for Peace”, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Palihawadana, M. (1983). Violence in a Buddhist society. Weekend, Sept. 11, 1983, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Perera, J. (Ed.) (1996). The health of children in conflict zones of Sri Lanka. Hamilton, Canada: McMaster University, Centre for International Health and the Centre for Peace Studies.
Piyadasa, L. (1984). Sri Lanka: The Holocaust and after. London: Marram Books.
Rasiah, S., & Nadarajah, K. (1994). A study of psychological consequences of environmental stress on pre-school children. Paper presented at the Seminar on Child Mental Health, Shantiam, Jaffna, Sri Lanka.
Reppesgard, H. O. (1993). Studies on psychosocial problems among displaced people in Sri Lanka: How to counsel and to set up a counselling organization. Colombo, Sri Lanka: FORUT.
Rosenbeck, R. (1985). The malignant Post-Vietnam Stress Syndrome. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 55(2), 319–332.
Ruiz, H. A. (1994). People want peace. Washington, DC: US Committee of Refugees.
Shepard, M., Brown, A. M., Cooper, B., & Kalton, G. W. (1966). Psychiatric illness in general practice. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
Siriwardene, R. (1984). National identity in Sri Lanka: Problems in communication and education. In Committee for National Development (Ed.), Sri Lanka: The ethnic conflict. New Delhi, India: Navrang.
Sivachandran, S. (1994). Health of women and the elderly. In S. Arulanantham, S. Raatneswaran, & N. Streeharan (Eds.), Victims of war in Sri Lanka. London: Medical Institute of Tamils.
Social Science Association. (1985). Ethnicity and social change in Sri Lanka. Colombo, Sri Lanka
Somasundaram, D. J. (1993a). Child Trauma. Dr. A. Sivapathasundaram Third Memorial Lecture, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, Sri Lanka.
Somasundaram, D. J. (1993b). Mana vadu [Psychological trauma]. Jaffna, Sri Lanka: University of Jaffna.
Somasundaram, D.J. (1996). Post traumatic responses to aerial bombing. Social Science & Medicine, 42, 1465–1471.
Somasundaram, D. J. (1998). Scarred mind. New Delhi, India: Sage Publications.
Somasundaram, D. J. (2001). War trauma and psychosocial problems in patient atlenders at Jaffna. International Medical Journal, 8(3), 193–197.
Somasundaram, D. J., & Sivayokan, S. (1994). War trauma in a civilian population. British Journal of Psychiatry, 165, 524–527.
Somasundaram, D. J., & Sivayokan, S. (Eds.). (2001). Mental health in the Tamil community. Jaffna, Sri Lanka: Shantiam.
Spencer, J. (Ed.). (1990). Sri Lanka: History and the roots of conflict. London: Routledge.
Staub, E. (1989). The roots of evil. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Thambiah, S. J. (1986). Ethnic fratricide and the dismantling of democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Thambiah, S. J. (1992). Buddhism betrayed?: Religion, politics, and violence in Sri Lanka, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Trawick, M. (1999). Reasons for violence: A preliminary ethnographic account of the LTTE. In S. Gamage & I. B. Watson (Eds.), Conflict and community in contemporary Sri Lanka: ‘Pearl of the East’ or the ‘Island of Tears’ (pp. 139–163). New Delhi, India: Sage Publications.
United Nations Children’s Fund (1999). Peace education in UNICEF. New York.
University Teachers for Human Rights, Jaffna (1994). From Manal Aru to Weli Ova. Jaffna, Sri Lanka.
Uyangoda, J. (1988). Dharamasiri Bandaranayake’s ‘Echoes of war’: Peace, please. Lanka Guardian, 10(23).
Vittachi, T. (1958). Emergency’ 58. London: Andre Deutch.
Wijeyasekera, A. (1996). Education for Conflict Resolution. Presentation at the Asia-Pacific Expert Group Consultation on the UN Study on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Children, Manila, Philippines.
World Health Organization. (1965–1986). World Health Statistics, 1965–1986 (Annual reports). Geneva.
World Health Organization. (1992). The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders. Geneva.
Zwi, A., & Ugalde, A. (1989). Towards an epidemiology of political violence in the Third World. Social Science & Medicine, 14, 633–646.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Somasundaram, D., Jamunanatha, C.S. (2002). Psychosocial Consequences of War. In: De Jong, J. (eds) Trauma, War, and Violence: Public Mental Health in Socio-Cultural Context. The Springer Series in Social/Clinical Psychology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47675-4_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47675-4_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-306-46709-7
Online ISBN: 978-0-306-47675-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive