Summary
This chapter has elaborated several issues related to log-domain filters beginning with a discussion of the design philosophy behind the various log-domain synthesis techniques. In contrast to more conventional approaches, the increased mathematical complexity associated with the log-domain technique, and stemming from the exploitation of the large-signal device characteristic, was underlined. The effect of important BJT parasitics (e.g. finite current gain, base and emitter resistances) upon both the transfer functions and the output distortion levels was next addressed, while the impact upon linearity when realizing finite transmission zeros by means of floating capacitors was also explained. The effect of input signal modulation index upon the bandwidth of (nonlinear) currents internal to a log-domain topology was elaborated. The chapter concluded with the intriguing properties of noise in log-domain.
It is genuinely hoped that this chapter can serve as an insightful introduction to a further in-depth study of filtering in the log-domain.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
D. O. Pederson and K. Mayaram, Analog Integrated Circuits for Communications — Principles, Simulation and Design. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991.
S. D. Willingham and K. Martin, Integrated Video-Frequency Continuous Time Filters — High Performance Realisations in BiCMOS. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995.
D. W. H. Calder, “Audio frequency gyrator filters for an integrated Radio Paging Receiver”, Proceedings of the 1984 IEE Conference on Mobile Radio Systems and Technology, pp. 21–26.
H. Tanimoto, M. Koyama and Y. Yoshida, “Realisation of a 1-V active filter using a linearisation technique employing plurality of Emitter Coupled Pairs”, IEEE JSSC, vol. 26, pp. 937–945, 1991.
K. Kimura, “Circuit design techniques for very low-voltage analog functional blocks using triple-tail currents”, IEEE TCAS-I, vol. 42, pp. 873–885, 1995.
J. O. Voorman, “Transconductance amplifier”, US Patent 4723110, 1988.
R. W. Adams, “Filtering in the log-domain”, preprint 1470. Presented at the 63rd AES Conference, New York, 1979.
E. Seevinck, “Companding current-mode integrator; a new circuit-principle for continuous-time monolithic filters”, Electronics Letters vol. 26, no. 24, pp. 2046–204, 1990.
F. Yang, C. Enz and G. Ruymbeke, “Design of low-power and low-voltage log-domain filters”, Proceedings of the IEEE ISCAS, vol. 1, pp. 117–120, Atlanta, 1996.
M. Punzenberger and C. Enz, “Low-voltage companding current-mode integrators”, Proceedings of the IEEE ISCAS, pp. 2112–2115, Seattle, 1995.
D. R. Frey, “Log-domain filtering: an approach to current-mode filtering”, IEE Proceedings Part G, vol. 140, pp. 406–416, 1993.
D. R. Frey, “State-space synthesis and analysis of log-domain filters”, IEEE Transactions on CAS II, vol. 45, pp. 1205–1211, 1998.
D. R. Frey, “Exponential state-space filters: a generic current-mode design strategy”, IEEE Transactions on CAS-I, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 34–42, 1996.
D. R. Frey, “Log-domain filtering for RF applications”, IEEE JSSC, vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 1468–1475, 1996.
D. Perry and G. W. Roberts, “Log-domain filters based on LC ladder synthesis”, Proceedings of the IEEE ISCAS, pp. 311–314, Seattle, 1995.
D. Perry and G. W. Roberts, “The design of log-domain filters based on the operational simulation of LC ladders”, IEEE Transactions on CAS-II, vol. 43, no. 11, pp. 763–774, 1996.
M. El-Gamal and G. W. Roberts, “LC ladder-based synthesis of logdomain bandpass filters” Proceedings of the IEEE ISCAS, vol. 1, pp. 105–108, Hong Kong, 1997.
J. Mulder, W. A. Serdijn, A. C. van der Woerd and A. H. M. van Roermund, “Analysis and synthesis of dynamic translinear circuits”, Proceedings of the ECCTD, vol. 1, pp. 18–23, 1997.
J. Mulder, A. C. van der Woerd, W. A. Serdijn and A. H. M. van Roermund, “General current-mode analysis method for translinear filters”, IEEE Transactions on CAS-I, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 193–197, 1997.
J. Mulder, W. A. Serdijn, A. C. van der Woerd and A. H. M. van Roermund, “Dynamic translinear circuits-an overview”, Proceedings of the IEEE-CAS Region 8 Workshop on Analog and Mixed IC Design, Baveno, pp. 65–72, 1997.
W. A. Serdijn, J. Mulder, A. C. van der Woerd and A. H. M. van Roermund, “A wide-tunable TL second-order oscillator”, IEEE JSSC, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 195–201, 1998.
J. Mulder, Static and Dynamic Translinear Circuits. Delft University Press, 1998.
E. Seevinck, “Analysis and synthesis of translinear integrated circuits”, Studies in Electrical and Electronic Engeering 31. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1988.
B. Gilbert, “Current-mode circuits from a translinear viewpoint: a tutorial”, in: C. Toumazou, F. J. Lidgey and D. G. Haigh (eds), Analogue IC Design: The Current-Mode Approach, Peter Peregrinus Ltd., 1990.
E. M. Drakakis, A. J. Payne and C. Toumazou, “Log-domain filtering and the Bernoulli Cell”, IEEE Transactions on CAS — Part I, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 559–571, 1999.
E. M. Drakakis, A. J. Payne and C. Toumazou, “Log-domain state-space: a systematic transistor-level approach for log-domain filtering”, IEEE Transactions on CAS — Part II, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 290–305, 1999.
E. M. Drakakis, A. J. Payne and C. Toumazou, “Multiple feedback logdomain filters”, Proceeding of the IEEE ISCAS, vol. 1, pp. 317–320, Monteray, 1998.
E. M. Drakakis and A. J. Payne, “Leapfrog log-domain filters”, Proceedings of the IEEE ICECS, vol. 2, pp. 385–388, Lisbon, 1998.
E. M. Drakakis and A. J. Payne, “A Bernoulli Cell-based investigation of the non-linear dynamics in log-domain structures”, Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, vol. 22, pp. 127–146, March 2000; also in Research Perspectives in Dynamic Translinear Circuits. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000.
E. M. Drakakis and A. J. Payne, “Structured log-domain synthesis of nonlinear systems”, Proceedings of the IEEE ISCAS, vol. 2, pp. 693–696, Orlando, 1999.
J. Georgiou, E. M. Drakakis, C. Toumazou and P. Premanoj, “An analogue micropower log-domain silicon circuit for the Hodgkin and Huxley Nerve Axon”, Proceedings of the IEEE ISCAS, vol. 2, pp. 286–289, Orlando, 1999.
C. Toumazou, J. Georgiou and E. M. Drakakis, “Current-mode analogue circuit representation of Hodgkin and Huxley neuron equations”, IEE Electronics Letters, vol. 34, no. 14, pp. 1376–1377, 1998.
D. Frey, “Distortion compensation in log-domain filters using state-space techniques”, IEEE TCAS II, vol. 45, pp. 860–869, 1999.
F. Yang, C. Enz and G. Ruymbeke, “Design of low-power and low-voltage log-domain filters”, Proceedings of the IEEE ISCAS, vol. 1, pp. 117–120, Atlanta, 1996.
G. van Ruymbeke, C. C. Enz, F. Krummenacher and M. Declerq, “A BiCMOS programmable continuous-time image-parameter method synthesis and voltage-companding technique”, IEEE JSSC, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 377–387, 1997.
E. M. Drakakis, A. J. Payne, C. Toumazou, A. E. J. Ng and J. I. Sewell, “High-order lowpass and bandpass elliptic log-domain ladder filters”, Proceedings of the IEEE ISCAS, 2001.
E. M. Drakakis and A. J. Payne, “On the exact realisation of LC ladder finite transmission zeros in log-domain: a theoretical study”, Proceedings of the IEEE ISCAS, vol. 1, pp. 188–191, Geneva, 2000.
G. Massobrio and P. Anognetti, Semiconductor Device Modelling with SPICE. Mc-Graw Hill, 1993.
R. S. Muller and T. I. Kamins, Device Electronics for Integrated Circuits. 2nd edn. Wiley, 1986.
E. M. Drakakis and A. J. Payne, “Approximate process-parameter dependent symbolic calculation of harmonic distortion in log-domain: the lossy integrator case-study”, Proceedings of the IEEE ISCAS, vol. 2, 609–612, Geneva, 2000.
Y. Tsividis, “Externally linear, time-invariant systems and their application to companding signal processors”, IEEE Transactions on CAS-II, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 65–85, 1997.
L. Toth, Y. P. Tsividis and N. Krishnapura, “On the analysis of noise and interference in instantaneously companding signal processors”, IEEE Transactions on CAS-II, vol. 45, pp. 1242–1249, 1998.
C. Enz, M. Punzenberger and D. Python, “Low-voltage log-domain signal processing in CMOS and BiCMOS”, IEEE Transactions on CAS-II, vol. 46, pp. 279–289, 1999.
M. Punzenberger and C. C. Enz, “Noise in instantaneous companding filters”, Proceedings of the IEEE ISCAS, vol. 1, pp. 337–340, 1997.
J. Mulder, M. H. L. Kouwenhoven, W. A. Serdijn and A. C. van der Woerd, “Nonlinear noise analysis in static and dynamic translinear circuits”, IEEE Transactions on CAS-II, vol. 46, pp. 279–289, 1999.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Drakakis, E.M., Burdett, A.J. (2002). Insights in Log-Domain Filtering. In: Toumazou, C., Moschytz, G., Gilbert, B., Kathiresan, G. (eds) Trade-Offs in Analog Circuit Design. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47673-8_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47673-8_13
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-7037-2
Online ISBN: 978-0-306-47673-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive