Skip to main content

Insights in Log-Domain Filtering

  • Chapter
Trade-Offs in Analog Circuit Design

Summary

This chapter has elaborated several issues related to log-domain filters beginning with a discussion of the design philosophy behind the various log-domain synthesis techniques. In contrast to more conventional approaches, the increased mathematical complexity associated with the log-domain technique, and stemming from the exploitation of the large-signal device characteristic, was underlined. The effect of important BJT parasitics (e.g. finite current gain, base and emitter resistances) upon both the transfer functions and the output distortion levels was next addressed, while the impact upon linearity when realizing finite transmission zeros by means of floating capacitors was also explained. The effect of input signal modulation index upon the bandwidth of (nonlinear) currents internal to a log-domain topology was elaborated. The chapter concluded with the intriguing properties of noise in log-domain.

It is genuinely hoped that this chapter can serve as an insightful introduction to a further in-depth study of filtering in the log-domain.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. D. O. Pederson and K. Mayaram, Analog Integrated Circuits for Communications — Principles, Simulation and Design. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  2. S. D. Willingham and K. Martin, Integrated Video-Frequency Continuous Time Filters — High Performance Realisations in BiCMOS. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  3. D. W. H. Calder, “Audio frequency gyrator filters for an integrated Radio Paging Receiver”, Proceedings of the 1984 IEE Conference on Mobile Radio Systems and Technology, pp. 21–26.

    Google Scholar 

  4. H. Tanimoto, M. Koyama and Y. Yoshida, “Realisation of a 1-V active filter using a linearisation technique employing plurality of Emitter Coupled Pairs”, IEEE JSSC, vol. 26, pp. 937–945, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  5. K. Kimura, “Circuit design techniques for very low-voltage analog functional blocks using triple-tail currents”, IEEE TCAS-I, vol. 42, pp. 873–885, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  6. J. O. Voorman, “Transconductance amplifier”, US Patent 4723110, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  7. R. W. Adams, “Filtering in the log-domain”, preprint 1470. Presented at the 63rd AES Conference, New York, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  8. E. Seevinck, “Companding current-mode integrator; a new circuit-principle for continuous-time monolithic filters”, Electronics Letters vol. 26, no. 24, pp. 2046–204, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  9. F. Yang, C. Enz and G. Ruymbeke, “Design of low-power and low-voltage log-domain filters”, Proceedings of the IEEE ISCAS, vol. 1, pp. 117–120, Atlanta, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  10. M. Punzenberger and C. Enz, “Low-voltage companding current-mode integrators”, Proceedings of the IEEE ISCAS, pp. 2112–2115, Seattle, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  11. D. R. Frey, “Log-domain filtering: an approach to current-mode filtering”, IEE Proceedings Part G, vol. 140, pp. 406–416, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  12. D. R. Frey, “State-space synthesis and analysis of log-domain filters”, IEEE Transactions on CAS II, vol. 45, pp. 1205–1211, 1998.

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  13. D. R. Frey, “Exponential state-space filters: a generic current-mode design strategy”, IEEE Transactions on CAS-I, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 34–42, 1996.

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  14. D. R. Frey, “Log-domain filtering for RF applications”, IEEE JSSC, vol. 31, no. 10, pp. 1468–1475, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  15. D. Perry and G. W. Roberts, “Log-domain filters based on LC ladder synthesis”, Proceedings of the IEEE ISCAS, pp. 311–314, Seattle, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  16. D. Perry and G. W. Roberts, “The design of log-domain filters based on the operational simulation of LC ladders”, IEEE Transactions on CAS-II, vol. 43, no. 11, pp. 763–774, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  17. M. El-Gamal and G. W. Roberts, “LC ladder-based synthesis of logdomain bandpass filters” Proceedings of the IEEE ISCAS, vol. 1, pp. 105–108, Hong Kong, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  18. J. Mulder, W. A. Serdijn, A. C. van der Woerd and A. H. M. van Roermund, “Analysis and synthesis of dynamic translinear circuits”, Proceedings of the ECCTD, vol. 1, pp. 18–23, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  19. J. Mulder, A. C. van der Woerd, W. A. Serdijn and A. H. M. van Roermund, “General current-mode analysis method for translinear filters”, IEEE Transactions on CAS-I, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 193–197, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  20. J. Mulder, W. A. Serdijn, A. C. van der Woerd and A. H. M. van Roermund, “Dynamic translinear circuits-an overview”, Proceedings of the IEEE-CAS Region 8 Workshop on Analog and Mixed IC Design, Baveno, pp. 65–72, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  21. W. A. Serdijn, J. Mulder, A. C. van der Woerd and A. H. M. van Roermund, “A wide-tunable TL second-order oscillator”, IEEE JSSC, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 195–201, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  22. J. Mulder, Static and Dynamic Translinear Circuits. Delft University Press, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  23. E. Seevinck, “Analysis and synthesis of translinear integrated circuits”, Studies in Electrical and Electronic Engeering 31. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  24. B. Gilbert, “Current-mode circuits from a translinear viewpoint: a tutorial”, in: C. Toumazou, F. J. Lidgey and D. G. Haigh (eds), Analogue IC Design: The Current-Mode Approach, Peter Peregrinus Ltd., 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  25. E. M. Drakakis, A. J. Payne and C. Toumazou, “Log-domain filtering and the Bernoulli Cell”, IEEE Transactions on CAS — Part I, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 559–571, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  26. E. M. Drakakis, A. J. Payne and C. Toumazou, “Log-domain state-space: a systematic transistor-level approach for log-domain filtering”, IEEE Transactions on CAS — Part II, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 290–305, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  27. E. M. Drakakis, A. J. Payne and C. Toumazou, “Multiple feedback logdomain filters”, Proceeding of the IEEE ISCAS, vol. 1, pp. 317–320, Monteray, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  28. E. M. Drakakis and A. J. Payne, “Leapfrog log-domain filters”, Proceedings of the IEEE ICECS, vol. 2, pp. 385–388, Lisbon, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  29. E. M. Drakakis and A. J. Payne, “A Bernoulli Cell-based investigation of the non-linear dynamics in log-domain structures”, Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, vol. 22, pp. 127–146, March 2000; also in Research Perspectives in Dynamic Translinear Circuits. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. E. M. Drakakis and A. J. Payne, “Structured log-domain synthesis of nonlinear systems”, Proceedings of the IEEE ISCAS, vol. 2, pp. 693–696, Orlando, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  31. J. Georgiou, E. M. Drakakis, C. Toumazou and P. Premanoj, “An analogue micropower log-domain silicon circuit for the Hodgkin and Huxley Nerve Axon”, Proceedings of the IEEE ISCAS, vol. 2, pp. 286–289, Orlando, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  32. C. Toumazou, J. Georgiou and E. M. Drakakis, “Current-mode analogue circuit representation of Hodgkin and Huxley neuron equations”, IEE Electronics Letters, vol. 34, no. 14, pp. 1376–1377, 1998.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. D. Frey, “Distortion compensation in log-domain filters using state-space techniques”, IEEE TCAS II, vol. 45, pp. 860–869, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  34. F. Yang, C. Enz and G. Ruymbeke, “Design of low-power and low-voltage log-domain filters”, Proceedings of the IEEE ISCAS, vol. 1, pp. 117–120, Atlanta, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  35. G. van Ruymbeke, C. C. Enz, F. Krummenacher and M. Declerq, “A BiCMOS programmable continuous-time image-parameter method synthesis and voltage-companding technique”, IEEE JSSC, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 377–387, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  36. E. M. Drakakis, A. J. Payne, C. Toumazou, A. E. J. Ng and J. I. Sewell, “High-order lowpass and bandpass elliptic log-domain ladder filters”, Proceedings of the IEEE ISCAS, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  37. E. M. Drakakis and A. J. Payne, “On the exact realisation of LC ladder finite transmission zeros in log-domain: a theoretical study”, Proceedings of the IEEE ISCAS, vol. 1, pp. 188–191, Geneva, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  38. G. Massobrio and P. Anognetti, Semiconductor Device Modelling with SPICE. Mc-Graw Hill, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  39. R. S. Muller and T. I. Kamins, Device Electronics for Integrated Circuits. 2nd edn. Wiley, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  40. E. M. Drakakis and A. J. Payne, “Approximate process-parameter dependent symbolic calculation of harmonic distortion in log-domain: the lossy integrator case-study”, Proceedings of the IEEE ISCAS, vol. 2, 609–612, Geneva, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Y. Tsividis, “Externally linear, time-invariant systems and their application to companding signal processors”, IEEE Transactions on CAS-II, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 65–85, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  42. L. Toth, Y. P. Tsividis and N. Krishnapura, “On the analysis of noise and interference in instantaneously companding signal processors”, IEEE Transactions on CAS-II, vol. 45, pp. 1242–1249, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  43. C. Enz, M. Punzenberger and D. Python, “Low-voltage log-domain signal processing in CMOS and BiCMOS”, IEEE Transactions on CAS-II, vol. 46, pp. 279–289, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  44. M. Punzenberger and C. C. Enz, “Noise in instantaneous companding filters”, Proceedings of the IEEE ISCAS, vol. 1, pp. 337–340, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  45. J. Mulder, M. H. L. Kouwenhoven, W. A. Serdijn and A. C. van der Woerd, “Nonlinear noise analysis in static and dynamic translinear circuits”, IEEE Transactions on CAS-II, vol. 46, pp. 279–289, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Drakakis, E.M., Burdett, A.J. (2002). Insights in Log-Domain Filtering. In: Toumazou, C., Moschytz, G., Gilbert, B., Kathiresan, G. (eds) Trade-Offs in Analog Circuit Design. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47673-8_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47673-8_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-7037-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-306-47673-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics