Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Comprehensive Handbook of Psychopathology pp 155–182Cite as

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

  • Chapter

  • 747 Accesses

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   229.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   299.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abramowitz, J. S., & Foa, E. B. (1998). Worries and obsessions in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder with and without comorbid generalized anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 695–700.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Altemus, M., Pigott, T., Kalogeras, K. T., Demitrack, M., Dubbert, B., Murphy, D. L., & Gold, P. W. (1992). Abnormalities in the regulation of vasopressin and corticotropin releasing factor secretion in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 9–20.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Altemus, M., Piggott, T., ĽHeureux, F., Davis, C. L., Rubinow, D. R., Murphy, D. L., & Gold, P. W. (1993). CSF somatostatin in obsessive-compulsive disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 460–464.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Antony, M. M., Downie, F., & Swinson, R. P. (1998a). Diagnostic issues and epidemiology in obsessive-compulsive disorder. In R. P. Swinson, M. M. Antony, S. Rachman, & M. A. Richter (Eds.), Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Theory, research, and treatment (pp. 3–32). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Antony, M. M., Roth, D., Swinson, R. P., Huta, V., & Devins, G. M. (1998b). Illness intrusiveness in individuals with panic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, or social phobia. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 186, 193–197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aylward, E. H., Harris, G. J., Hoehn-Saric, R., Barta, P. E., Machlin, S. R., & Pearlson, G. D. (1996). Normal caudate nucleus in obsessive-compulsive disorder assessed by quantitative neuroimaging. Archives of General Psychiatry, 53, 577–584.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baer, L. (1994). Factor analysis of symptom subtypes of obsessive compulsive disorder and their relation to personality and tic disorders. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 55, 18–23.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ball, S. G., Baer, L., & Otto, M. W. (1996). Symptom subtypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder in behavioral treatment studies: A quantitative review. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34, 47–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bartha, R., Stein, M. B., Williamson, P. C., Drost, D. J., Neufeld, R. W. J., Carr, T. J., Canaran, G., Densmore, M., Anderson, G., & Razzaque Siddiqui, A. (1998). A short echo 1H spectroscopy and volumetric MRI study of the corpus striatum in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and comparison subjects. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 1584–1591.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baxter, L. R., Jr., Phelps, M. E., Mazziotta, J. C., Guze, B. H., Schwartz, J. M., & Selin, C. E. (1987). Local cerebral glucose metabolic rates in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A comparison with rates in unipolar depression and in normal controls. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, 211–218.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baxter, L. R., Jr., Schwartz, J. M., Mazziotta, J. C., Phelps, M. E., Pahl. J. J., Guze, B. H., & Fairbanks, L. (1988). Cerebral glucose metabolic rates in non-depressed patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 1560–1563.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baxter, L. R., Jr., Schwartz, J. M., Phelps, M. E., Mazziotta, J. C., Guze, B. H., Selin, C. E., Gerner, R. H., & Sumida, R. M. (1989). Reduction of prefrontal cortex glucose metabolism common to three types of depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, 253–260.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baxter, L. R., Schwartz, J. M., Bergman, K. S., Szuba, M. P., Guze, B. H., Maziotta, J. C., Akazraju, A., Selin, C. E., Ferng, H.-K., Munford, P., & Phelps, M. E. (1992). Caudate glucose metabolic rate changes with both drug and behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 681–689.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beck, A. T., Emery, G., & Greenberg, R. L. (1985). Anxiety disorders and phobias: A cognitive perspective. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Behar, D., Rapoport, J. L., Berg, C. J., Denckla, M. B., Mann, L., Cox, C., Fedio, P., Zahn, T., & Wolfman, M. G. (1994). Computerized tomography and neuropsychological test measures in adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 363–369.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beidel, D. C., & Turner, S. M. (1991). Anxiety disorders. In M. Hersen & S. M. Turner (Eds.), Adult psychopathology and diagnosis, 2nd ed. (pp. 226–278). New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benkefalt, C., Nordahl, T. E., Semple, W. E., King, A. C., Murphy, D. L., & Cohen, R. M. (1990). Local cerebral glucose metabolic rates in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Patients treated with clomipramine. Archives of General Psychiatry, 47, 840–848.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bland, R. C., Orn, H., & Newman, S. C. (1988). Lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Edmonton. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 77, 24–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blier, P., & de Montigny, C. (1998). Possible serotonergic mechanisms underlying the antidepressant and anti-obsessive-compulsive disorder responses. Society of Biological Psychiatry, 44, 313–323.

    Google Scholar 

  • Breiter, H. C., Filipek, P. A., Kennedy, D. N., Baer, L., Pticher, D. A., Olivares, M. J., Rensha, W. P. F., & Caviness, V. S. (1994). Retrocallosal white matter abnormalities in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder [letter]. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, 663–664.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, T. A. (1998). The relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder and other anxiety-based disorders. In R. P. Swinson, M. M. Antony, S. Rachman, & M. A. Richter (Eds.), Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Theory, research, and treatment (pp. 207–226). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, T. A., Moras, K., Zinbarg, R. E., & Barlow, D. H. (1993). Diagnostic and symptom distinguishability of generalized anxiety disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behavior Therapy, 24, 227–240.

    Google Scholar 

  • Calvocoressi, L., Lewis, B., Harris, M., Trufan, S. J., Goodman, W. K., McDougle, C. J., & Price, L. H. (1995). Family accommodation in obsessive-compulsive disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 441–443.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carr, A. T. (1974). Compulsive neurosis: A review of the literature. Psychological Bulletin, 81, 311–318.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chiocca, E. A., & Martuza, R. L. (1990). Neurosurgical therapy of obsessive-compulsive disorder. In M. A. Jenike, L. Baer, & W. E. Minichiello (Eds.), Obsessive-compulsive isorders (pp. 283–294). Chicago: Year Book Medical.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christiansen, K., Kim, S. W., Dyksen, M. W., & Hoover, K. M. (1992). Neuropsychological performance in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 31, 4–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisen, J. L., Phillips, K. A., Baer, L., Beer, D. A., Atala, K. D., & Rasmussen, S. A. (1998). The Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale: Reliability and validity. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 102–108.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eisen, J. L., & Rasmussen, S. A. (1993). Obsessive compulsive disorder with psychotic features. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 54, 373–379.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Emmelkamp, P. M. G., Visser, S., & Hoekstra, R. J. (1998). Cognitive therapy versus exposure in vivo in the treatment of obsessive-compulsives. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 12, 103–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emmelkamp, P. M. G., & Beens, H. (1991). Cognitive therapy with obsessive-compulsive disorder: A comparative evaluation. Behavior Research and Therapy, 29, 291–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • England, S. L., & Dickerson, M. (1988). Intrusive thoughts: Unpleasantness not the major cause of uncontrollability. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 26, 279–282.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Faravelli, C., DegľInnocenti, B. G., & Giardinelli, L. (1989). Epidemiology of anxiety disorders in Florence. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 79, 308–312.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fineberg, N. A., Cowen, P. J., Kirk, J. W., & Montgomery, S. A. (1994). Neuroendocrine responses to intravenous L-tryptophan in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 32, 97–104.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fineberg, N. A., Roberts, A., Montgomery, S. A., & Cowen, P. J. (1997). Brain 5-HT function in obsessive-compulsive disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 171, 280–282.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Flament, M. F., Rapoport, J. L., Murphy, D. L., Berg, C. J., & Lake, R. (1987). Biochemical changes during clomipramine treatment of childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, 219–225.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Foa, E. B. (1979). Failures in treating obsessive-compulsives. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 17, 169–176.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Foa, E. B., & Kozak, M. J. (1995). DSM-IV field trial: Obsessive compulsive disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 90–96.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Freeston, M. H., Ladouceur, R., Thibodeau, N., & Gagnon, F. (1991). Cognitive intrusions in a non-clinical population. I. Response style, subjective experience, and appraisal. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 29, 585–597.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Freeston, M. H., Ladouceur, R., Thibodeau, N., & Gagnon, F. (1992). Cognitive intrusions in a non-clinical population. II. Associations with depressive, anxious, and compulsive symptoms. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 30, 263–271.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Freeston, M. H., Rheaume, J., & Ladouceur, R. T. (1996). Correcting faulty appraisals of obsessional thoughts. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34, 433–446.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, S., Hatch, M., Paradis, C. M., Popkin, M., & Shalita, A. R. (1993). Obsessive compulsive disorder in two black ethnic groups: Incidence in an urban dermatology clinic. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 7, 343–348.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garber, H. J., Ananth, J. V., Chiu, L. C., Griswold, V. J., & Oldendorf, W. (1989). Nuclear magnetic resonance study of obsessive-compulsive disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 146, 1001–1005.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • George, M. S., Trimble, M. R., Ring, H. A., Sallee, F. R., & Robertson, M. M. (1993). Obsessions in obsessive-compulsive disorder with and without Gilles de la Tourette’s syndrome. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 93–97.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goldsmith, T., Shapira, N. A., Phillips, K. A., & McElroy, S. L. (1998). Conceptual foundations of obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders. In R. P. Swinson, M. M. Antony, S. Rachman, & M. A. Richter (Eds.), Obsessive-compulsive disorder (pp. 397–425). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henderson, J. G., & Pollard, C. A. (1988). Three types of obsessive compulsive disorder in a community sample. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44, 747–752.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hewlett, W. A., Vinogarov, S., Martin, K., Berman, S., & Csernansky, J. G. (1992). Fenfluramine stimulation of prolactin on obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Research, 42, 81–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoehn-Saric, R., Pearlson, G. D., Harris, G. L., Machlin, S. R., & Camargo, E. E. (1991). Effects of fluoxetine on regional cerebral blood flow in obsessive-compulsive patients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 1243–1245.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hollander, E. (Ed.). (1993). Obsessive-compulsive-related disorders. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hollander, E., & Cohen, L. J. (1996). Psychobiology and psychopharmacology of compulsive spectrum disorders. In J. Oldham, E. Hollander, & A. E. Skodol (Eds.), Impulsivity and compulsivity (pp. 167–195). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hollander, E., DeCaria, C. M., Nitescu, A., Gilly, R., Suckow, R. F., Cooper, T. B., Gorman, J. M., Klein, D. F., & Liebowitz, M. R. (1992). Serotonergic function in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Behavioural and neuroendocrine responses to oral m-chlorophenylpiperazine and fenfluramine in patients and health volunteers. Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 21–28.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hollander, E., DeCarla, C. M., Saoud, J. B., et al. (1991). M-CPP activated regional cerebral blood flow in obsessive-compulsive disorder [abstract]. Biological Psychiatry, 29, 170A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hollander, E., Stein, D. J., Kwon, J. H., Rowland, C., Wong, C., Broatch, J., & Himelein, C. (1997). Psychosocial function and economic costs of obsessive-compulsive disorder. CNS Spectrums, 2, 16–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horesh, N., Dolberg, O. T., Kirschenbaum-Aviner, N., & Kotler, M. (1997). Personality differences between obsessive-compulsive disorder subtypes: Washers versus checkers. Psychiatry Research, 71, 197–200.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Insel, T. R. (1992). Toward a neuroanatomy of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 739–744.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Insel, T. R., Donnelly, E. F., Lalakea, M. L., Alterman, I. S., & Murphy, D. L. (1983). Neurological and neuropsychological studies of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 8, 741–751.

    Google Scholar 

  • Irle, E., Exner, C., Thielen, K., Weniger, G., & Ruther, E. (1998). Obsessive-compulsive disorder and ventromedial frontal lesions: Clinical and neuropsychological findings. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 255–263.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • James, I. A., & Blackburn, I. M. (1995). Cognitive therapy with obsessive-compulsive disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 166, 444–450.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jenike, M. A., & Baer, L. (1992). Psychosurgical treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 583–584 (letter).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, M. K., & Menzies, R. G. (1998). Danger ideation reduction therapy (DIRT) for obsessive-compulsive washers. A controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 959–970.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Karno, M., Golding, J. M., Burnam, M. A., Hough, R. L., Escobar, J. I. Wells, K. M., & Boyer, R. (1989). Anxiety disorders among Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites in Los Angeles. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 177, 202–209.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Karno, M., Golding, J. M., Sorenson, S. B., & Burnam, A. (1988). The epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder in five US communities. Archives of General Psychiatry, 45, 1094–1099.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kellner, C. H., Jolley, R. R., Holgate, R. C., Austin, L., Lydiard, R. B., Laraia, M., & Ballenger, J. C. (1991). Brain MRI in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Research, 36, 45–49.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kendler, K. S., Heath, A. C., Martin, N. G., & Eaves, L. J. (1987). Symptoms of anxiety and symptoms of depression: Same genes, different environments? Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, 451–457.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kessler, R. G., McGonagle, K. A., Zhao, S., Nelson, C. B., Hughes, M., Eshleman, S., Wittchen, H.-U., & Kendler, K. S. (1994). Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, 8–19.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Khanna, S., & Mukherjee, D. (1992). Checkers and washers: Valid subtypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychopathology, 25, 283–288.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koran, L. M., Thienemann, M. L., & Davenport, R. (1996). Quality of life for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 783–788.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kozak, M. J., & Foa, E. B. (1994). Obsessions, overvalued ideas, and delusions in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 343–353.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kruesi, M. J. P., Swedo. S., Leonard, H., Rubinow, D. R., & Rapoport, J. L. (1990). CSF somatostatin in childhood psychiatric disorders: A preliminary investigation. Psychiatric Research, 33, 277–284.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ladouceur, R., Rheaume, J., Freeston, M. H., Aublet, F., Jean, K., Lachance, S., Lnglois, F., & De Pokomandy-Morin, K. (1995). Experimental manipulations of responsibility: An analogue test for models of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behavior Research and Therapy, 33, 937–946.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ladouceur, R., Leger, E., Rheaume, J., & Dube, D. (1996). Correction of inflated responsibility in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34, 767–774.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ladouceur, R., Rheaume, J., & Aublet, F. (1997). Excessive responsibility in obsessional concerns: A fine grained experimental analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 423–427.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leckman, J. F., Grice, D. E., Boardman, J., Zhang, H., Vitale, A., Bondi, C., Alsobrook, J., Peterson, B. S., Cohen, D. J., Rasmussen, S. A., Goodman, W. K., McDougle, C. J., & Pauls, D. L. (1997). Symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 911–917.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leonard, H. L., Lenane, M. C., Swedo, S. E., Rettew, D. C., Gershon, E. S., & Rapoport, J. L. (1992). Tics and Tourette’s disorder: A 2-to 7-year follow-up of 54 obsessive-compulsive children. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 1244–1251.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lopatka, C., & Rachman, S. J. (1995). Perceived responsibility and compulsive checking: An experimental analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 673–684.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lopez-Ibor, J. J., Sias, J., & Vinas, R. (1994). Obsessive-compulsive disorder and in depression. In S. A. Montgomery & T. H. Corn (Eds.), Psychopharmacology of depression (pp. 185–217). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lucey, J. V., Costa, D. C., Adshead, G., Deahl, M., Busatto, G., Gacinovic, S., Travis, M., Pilowsky, L., Ell, P. J., Marks, I. M., & Kerwin, R. W. (1997). Brain blood flow in anxiety disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry, 171, 346–350.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lucey, J. V., O’Keane, V., Butcher, G., Clare, A. W., & Dinan, T. G. (1992). Cortisol and prolactin responses to d-fenfluramine in non-depressed patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: A comparison with depressed and healthy controls. British Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 517–521.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Luxenberg, J. S., Swedo, S. E., Flament, M. F., Friedland, R. P., Rapoport, J., & Rapoport, S. I. (1988). Neuroanatomical abnormalities in obsessive-compulsive disorder detected with quantitative X-ray computed tomography. American Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 1089–1093.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Machlin, S. R., Harris, G. J., Pearlson, G. D., Hoehn-Saric, R., Jeffery, P., & Camargo, E. E. (1991). Elevated medial-frontal cerebral blood flow in obsessive-compulsive patients: A SPECT study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 1240–1242.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mavissakalian, M. R. (1979). Functional classification of obsessive-compulsive phenomena. Journal of Behavioral Assessment, 1, 271–279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McDougle, C., Goodman, W., Leckman, J., Barr, L. C., Heninger, G. R., & Price, L. H. (1993). The efficacy of fluvoxamine in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Effects of comorbid chronic tic disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 13, 354–358.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McDougle, C., Goodman, W., Leckman, J., Lee, N., Heninger, G., & Price, L. (1994). Haloperidol addition in fluvoxamine-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with and without tics. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, 302–308.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McElroy, S. L., Hudson, J. I., & Pope, H. G. (1992). The DSM-III-R impulse control disorders not elsewhere classified: Clinical characteristics and relationship to other psychiatric disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 318–327.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McElroy, S. L., Phillips, K. A., & Keck, P. E. (1994). Obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 55, 33–51.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McFall, M. E., & Wollersheim, J. P. (1979). Obsessive-compulsive neurosis: A cognitive-behavioral formulation and approach to treatment. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 3, 333–348.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGuire, P. K., Bench, C. J., Frith, C. D., Marks, I. M., Frackowiak, R. S., & Dolan, R. J. (1994). Functional anatomy of obsessive-compulsive phenomena. British Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 459–468.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McNally, R. J. (1994). Panic disorder: A critical analysis. New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Minichiello, W. E., Baer, L., Jenike, M. A., & Holland, A. (1990). Age of onset of major subtypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 4, 147–150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Monteleone, P., Catapano, F., Bortolotti, F., & Maj, M. (1997). Plasma prolactin response to d-fenfluramine in obsessive-compulsive patients before and after fluvoxamine treatment. Society of Biological Psychiatry, 42, 175–180.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mowrer, O. (1939). A stimulus-response analysis of anxiety and its role as a reinforcing agent. Psychological Review, 46, 553–565.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, T. K., Goodman, W. K., Fudge, M. W., Williams, R. C., Jr., Ayoub, E. M., Dalal, M., Lewis, M. H., & Zabriskie, J. B. (1997). B lymphocyte antigen D8/17: A peripheral marker for childhood-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder and Tourette’s syndrome? American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 402–407.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, E., & Rice, J. (1997). Stability of diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the Epidemiologic Catchment Area study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 826–831.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nestadt, G., Samuels, J. F., Romanoski, A. J., Folstein, M. F., & McHugh, P. R. (1994). Obsessions and compulsions in the community. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 89, 219–224.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Neziroglu, F., Anemone, R., & Yaryura-Tobias, J. A. (1992). Onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder in pregnancy. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 947–950.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nordahl, T. E., Benkelfat, C., Semple, W. E., Gross, M., King, A. C., & Cohen, R. M. (1989). Cerebral glucose metabolic rates in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology, 2, 23–28.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group. (1997). Cognitive assessment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 667–681.

    Google Scholar 

  • Okasha, A., Saad, A., Khalil, A. H., Seif El Dawla, A., & Yehia, N. (1994). Phenomenology of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A transcultural study. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 35, 191–197.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Kearny, R. O. (1998). Responsibility appraisals and obsessive-compulsive disorder: A critique of Salkovskis’s cognitive theory. Australian Journal of Psychology, 50, 43–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Owen, A. M., Eans, A. C., & Petrides, M. (1996). Evidence for a two-stage model of spatial working memory processing within the lateral frontal cortex: A positron emission tomography study. Cerebral Cortex, 6, 31–38.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perani, D., Colombo, C., Bressi, S., Bonfanti, A., Grassi, F., Scarone, S., Belladi, L., Smeraldi, E., & Fazio, F. (1995). [18F]FDG PET study in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A clinical/metabolic correlation study after treatment. British Journal of Psychiatry, 38, 244–250.

    Google Scholar 

  • Persons, J., & Foa, E. (1984). Processing of fearful and neutral information by obsessive compulsives. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 22, 259–265.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pian, K. L., Westenberg, H. G. M., den Boer, J. A., DeBruin, W. I., & van Rijk, P. P. (1998). Effects of meta-chlorophenyl-piperazine on cerebral blood flow in obsessive-compulsive disorder and controls. Society of Biological Psychiatry, 44, 367–370.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pigott, T. A., L’Heureux, F., Dubbert, B., Bernstein, S., & Murphy, D. L. (1994). Obsessive compulsive disorder: Comorbid conditions. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 55, 15–27.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Purcell, R., Maruff, P., Kyrios, M., & Pantelis, C. (1998). Cognitive deficits in obsessive-compulsive disorder on tests of frontal-striatal functions. Society of Biological Psychiatry, 43, 348–357.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rachman, S. J. (1985). An overview of clinical research issues in obsessive-compulsive disorders. In M. Mavissakalian, S. M. Turner, & L. Michelson (Eds.), Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Psychological and pharmacological treatment (pp. 1–47). New York: Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rachman, S. J. (1993). Obsessions, responsibility and guilt. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31, 149–154.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rachman, S., & de Silva, P. (1978). Abnormal and normal obsessions. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 14, 223–248.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rachman, S. J., & Hodgson, R. J. (1980). Obsessions and compulsions. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rachman, S., Thordarson, D. S., Shafran, R., & Woody, S. R. (1995). Perceived responsibility: Structure and significance. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 779–784.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen, S. A. (1994). Obsessive compulsive spectrum disorders [commentary]. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 55, 89–91.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen, S. A., & Eisen, J. L. (1990). The epidemiology of obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 51, 20–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen, S. A., & Eisen, J. L. (1994). The epidemiology and differential diagnosis of obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 55, 5–14.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rauch, S. L., Jenike, M. A., Alpert, N. M., Baer, L., Breiter, H. C., Savage, C. R., & Fischman, A. J. (1994). Regional cerebral blood flow measured during symptom provocation in obsessive-compulsive disorder using oxygen 15-labeled carbon dioxide and positron emission tomography. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, 62–70.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rettew, D. C., Swedo, S. E., Leonard, H. L., Lenane, M. C., & Rapoport, J. L. (1992). Obsessions and compulsions across time in 79 children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31, 1050–1056.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rheaume, J., Freeston, M. H., Dugas, M. J., Letarte, H., & Ladouceur, R. (1995). Perfectionism, responsibility obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 785–794.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rheaume, J., Ladouceur, R., Freeston, M. H., & Letarte, H. (1995). Inflated responsibility in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Validation of an operational definition. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 159–169.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, D., Wu, H., Munne, R. A., Ashtari, M., Alvir, J. M., Lerner, G., Koreen, A., Cole, K., & Bogarts, B. (1995). Reduced caudate nucleus volume in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 52, 393–398.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg, D. R., & Keshavan, M. S. (1998). Toward a neuro-developmental model of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 43, 623–640.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rubin, R. T., Ananth, J., Villanueva-Meyer, J., Trajmar, P. G., & Mena, I. (1995). Regional 133xenon cerebral blood flow and cerebral 99mTc-HMPAO uptake in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder before and after treatment. Biological Psychiatry, 38, 429–437.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rubin, R. T., Villanueva-Meyer, J., Ananth, J., Trajmar, P. G., & Mena, I. (1992). Regional xenon 133 cerebral blood flow and cerebral technetium 99m HMPAO uptake in unmedicated patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and matched normal control subjects. Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 695–702.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sachdev, P., Hay, P., & Cumming, S. (1992). Psychosurgical treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (letter). Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 582–583.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Salkovskis, P. M. (1985). Obsessional-compulsive symptoms: A cognitive-behavioral analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 25, 571–583.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salkovskis, P. (1996). Cognitive-behavioural approaches to the understanding of obsessional problems. In R. M. Rapee (Ed.), Current controversies in the anxiety disorders (pp. 103–133). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saxena, S., Brody, A. L., Schwartz, J. M., & Baxter, L. R. (1998). Neuroimaging and frontal-subcortical circuitry in obsessive-compulsive disorder. British Journal of Psychiary (Supplement), 35, 26–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scarone, S., Colombo, C., Livian, S., Abbruzzese, M., Ronchi, P., & Lacatelli, M. (1992). Increased right caudate nucleus size in obsessive compulsive disorder: Detection with magnetic resonance imaging. Psychiatry Research, 45, 115–121.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scarrbelotti, M. B., Duck, J. M., & Dickerson, M. M. (1995). Individual differences in obsessive-compulsive behaviour: The role of the Eysenckian dimensions and appraisals of responsibility. Personal and Individual Differences, 18, 413–421.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidtke, K., Schorb, A., Winkelmann, G., & Hohagen, F. (1998). Cognitive frontal lobe dysfunction in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Society of Biological Psychology, 43, 666–673.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, J. M., Stoessel, P. W., Baxter, L. R., Martin, K. M., & Phelps, M. E. (1996). Systematic changes in cerebral glucose metabolic rate after successful behavior modification treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 53, 109–113.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shafran, R. (1997). The manipulation of responsibility in obsessive-compulsive disorder. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 36, 397–407.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shafran, R., & Somers, J. (1998). Treating adolescent obsessive-compulsive disorder: Applications of the cognitive theory. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 93–97.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sica, C. (1998). Efficacy of cognitive and behavioral therapy in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorders: A review. Acta Compartamentalia, 6, 173–192.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sichel, D. A., Cohen, L. S., Dimmock, J. A., & Rosenbaum, J. F. (1993). Postpartum obsessive compulsive disorder: A case series. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 54, 156–159.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stanley, M. A., & Cohen, L. J. (1999). Trichotillomania and obsessive-compulsive disorder. In D. Stein, G. Christenson, & E. Hollander (Eds.), Trichotillomania: New developments (pp. 225–261). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stanley, M. A., & Turner, S. M. (1995). Current status of pharmacological and behavioral treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behavior Therapy, 26, 163–186.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stanley, M. A., Turner, S. M., & Borden, J. W. (1990). Schizotypal features in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 31, 511–518.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stein, M. B., Forde, D. R., Anderson, G., & Walker, J. R. (1997). Obsessive-compulsive disorder in the community: An epidemiologic survey with clinical reappraisal. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 1120–1126.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Steketee, G. S., Grayson, J. B., & Foa, E. B. (1985). Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Differences between washers and checkers. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 23, 197–201.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Steketee, G. S., Grayson, J. B., & Foa, E. B. (1987). A comparison of characteristics of obsessive-compulsive disorder and other anxiety disorders. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 1, 325–335.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swedo, S. E., Leonard, H. L., Garvey, M., Mittleman, B., Allen, A. J., Perlmutter, S., Dow, S., Zamkoff, J., Dubbert, B. K., & Lougee, L. (1998). Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections: Clinical description of the first 50 cases. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 264–271.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Swedo, S. E., Leonard, H. L., Kruesi, M. J. P., Rettew, D. C., Listwak, S. J., Berrettini, W., Stipetic, M., Hamberger, S., Gold, P. W., Potter, W. Z., & Rapoport, J. L. (1992). Cerebrospinal fluid neurochemistry in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 29–36.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Swedo, S. E., Leonard, H. L., Mittleman, B. B., Allen, A. J., Rapoport, J. L., Dow, S. P., Banter, M. E., Chapman, F., & Zabriskie, J. (1997). Identification of children with pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections by a marker associated with rheumatic fever. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 110–112.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Swedo, S. E., Schapiro, M. B., Grady, C. L., Cheslow, D. L., Leonard, H. L., Kumar, A., Friedland, R., Rapoport, S. I., & Rapoport, J. L. (1989). Cerebral glucose metabolism in childhood-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, 518–523.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Swedo, S. E., Pietrini, P., Leonard, H. L., Schapiro, M. B., Rettew, D. C., Goldberger, E. L., Rapoport, S. I., Rapoport, J. L., & Grady, C. L. (1992). Cerebral glucose metabolism in childhood-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 49, 690–694.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tallis, F. (1997). The neuropsychology of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A review and consideration of clinical implications. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 36, 3–20.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thoren, P., Asberg, M., Bertilsson, L., Mellstrom, B., Sjoqvist, F., & Traskman, L. (1980). Clomipramine treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. II: Biochemical aspects. Archives of General Psychiatry, 37, 1289–1294.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Trivedi, M. H. (1996). Functional neuroanatomy of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 57 (Suppl. 8), 26–35.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, S. M., & Beidel, D. C. (1988). Treating obsessive compulsive disorder. New York: Pergamon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, S. M., Beidel, D. C., & Nathan, R. S. (1985). Biological factors in obsessive-compulsive disorders. Psychological Bulletin, 97, 430–450.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, S. M., Beidel, D. C., & Stanley, M. A. (1992). Are obsessional thoughts and worry different cognitive phenomena? Clinical Psychology Review, 12, 257–270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Balkom, A. J. L. M., van Oppen, P., Vermeulen, A. W. A., van Dyck, R., Nauta, M. C. E., & Vorst, H. C. M. (1994). A meta-analysis on the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A comparison of antidepressants, behavior, and cognitive therapy. Clinical Psychology Review, 14, 359–381.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Oppen, P., & Arntz, A. (1994). Cognitive therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 79–87.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Oppen, P., De Haan, E., Van Balkom, A. J. L. M., Spinhoven, P., Hoogduin, K., & Van Dyck, R. (1995). Cognitive therapy and exposure in vivo in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Behavior Research and Therapy, 33, 379–390.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weissman, M. M., Bland, R. C., Canino, G. J., Greenwald, S., Hwu, H.-G., Lee, C. K., Newman, S. C., Oakley-Browne, M. A., Rubio-Stipec, M., Wickramaratne, P. J., Wittchen, H.-U., & Yeh, E.-K. (1994). The cross national epidemiology of obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 55, 5–10.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yaryura-Tobias, J. A., Neziroglu, F., & Bergman, L. (1976). Chlorimipramine for obsessive-compulsive neurosis: An organic approach. Current Therapeutic Research, 20, 541–548.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zohar, J., Insel, T. R., Berman, K. F., Foa, E. B., Hill, J. L., & Weinberger, D. R. (1989). Anxiety and cerebral blood flow during behavioral challenge: Dissociation of central from peripheral and subjective measures. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, 505–510.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zohar, A. H., Pauls, D. L., Ratzoni, G., Apter, A., Dycian, A., Binder, M., King, R., Leckman, J. F., Kron, S., & Cohen, D. J. (1997). Obsessive-compulsive disorder with and without tics in an epidemiological sample of adolescents. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 274–276.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Maryland Center for Anxiety Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742

    Samuel M. Turner, Deborah C. Beidel & Nancy Heiser

  2. University of Texas-Houston Science Center, Houston, Texas, 77030

    Melinda A. Stanley

Authors
  1. Samuel M. Turner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Deborah C. Beidel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Nancy Heiser
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Melinda A. Stanley
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana

    Patricia B. Sutker

  2. University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia

    Henry E. Adams

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Turner, S.M., Beidel, D.C., Heiser, N., Stanley, M.A. (2002). Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. In: Sutker, P.B., Adams, H.E. (eds) Comprehensive Handbook of Psychopathology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47377-1_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47377-1_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-306-46490-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-306-47377-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation