Conclusions
The preceding discussion has illustrated that sol-gel processing is a versatile means of preparing ceramics with controlled nanostructures. Using simple strategies such as aggregation of fractals, controlled drying shrinkage, pyrolysis of organic templates, partial sintering and surface derivatization, pore sizes may be controlled in the nanometer and subnanometer ranges of interest for sensors, membranes, and catalysis. Compared to zeolites, sol-gel processing exploits internally generated pressures (capillary pressures) rather than hydrothermal conditions to create comparably sized pores exhibiting molecular sieving.
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Brinker, C.J., Wallace, S., Raman, N.K., Sehgal, R., Samuel, J., Contakes, S.M. (2002). Sol-Gel Processing of Amorphous Nanoporous Silicas: Thin Films and Bulk. In: Pinnavaia, T.J., Thorpe, M.F. (eds) Access in Nanoporous Materials. Fundamental Materials Research. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47066-7_9
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