Conclusion
In this chapter we have attempted to evaluate the most important parameters which can be useful for the purpose of design and scale up. Insect cells and animal cells in general can be grown well in large vessels. However, none of the theories and parameters discussed in this chapter have been validated on a larger scale than laboratory and small pilot reactors. Selection of the most suitable design and scale-up method therefore needs in particular studies in larger vessels. The Kolmogorov theory and the killing-volume model are in this respect the most promising approaches for the optimal design of large-scale animal-cell bioreactors.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bavarian F, Fan LS & Chalmers JJ (1991) Microscopic visualization of insect cell-bubble interactions I: rising bubbles, air-medium interfacee, and the foam layer. Biotechnol. Progress 7: 140–150.
Beek WJ & Mutzall KMK (1975) Transport Phenomena, Wiley, London.
Beverloo WA & Tramper J (1994) Intensity of microcarrier collisions in turbulent flow. Bioprocess Eng. 11: 177–184.
Birch JR & Arathoon R (1990) Large-scale cell culture in biotechnology. In: Large-Scale Mammalian Cell Culture Technology (Lubiniecki AS, ed.), Marcel Dekker, New York, 251.
Chalmers JJ & Bavarian F (1991) Microscopic visualization of insect cell-bubble interactions II: the bubble film and bubble rupture. Biotechnol. Progress 7: 151–158.
Chattopadhyay D, Rathman JF & Chalmers JJ (1995) The protective effect of specific medium additives with respect to bubble rupture. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 45: 473–480.
Cherry RS & Hulle CT (1992) Cell death in the thin films of bursting bubbles. Biotechnol. Prog. 8: 11–18.
Cherry RS & Papoutsakis ET (1986) Hydrodynamic effects on cells in agitated tissue culture reactors. Bioprocess Eng. 1: 29–41.
Cherry RS & Kwon K-Y (1990) Transient shear stresses on a suspension cell in turbulence. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 36: 563–571.
Cherry RS & Papoutsakis ET (1988) Physical mechanisms of cell damage in microcarrier cell culture bioreactors. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 32: 1001–1014.
Chisti Y & Moo-Young M (1989) On the calculation of shear rate and apparent viscosity in airlift and bubble column bioreactors. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 34: 1391–1392.
Croughan MS, Sayre ES & Wang DIG (1989) Viscous reduction of turbulent damage in animal cell cultures. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 33: 862–872.
Croughan MS, Hamel JF & Wang DIC (1987) Hydrodynamic effects on animal cells grown in microcarrier cultures. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 29: 130–141.
Goldblum S, Bae Y-K, Hink WF & Chalmers JJ (1990) Protective effect of methylcellulose and other polymers on insect cells subjected to laminar shear stress. Biotechnol. Prog. 6: 383–390.
Handa-Corrigan A, Emery AN & Spier RE (1989) Effect of gas-liquid interfaces on the growth of suspended mammalian cells: mechanisms of cell damage by bubbles. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 11: 230–235.
Henzler H-J & Kauling DJ (1993) Oxygenetation of cell cultures. Bioprocess Eng. 9: 61–75.
Hinzer JO (1959) Turbulence, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Jöbses I, Martens DE & Tramper J (1991) Lethal events during gas sparging in animal cell culture. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 37: 484–490.
Jordan M, Sucker H, Einsele A, Widmer F & Eppenberger HM (1994) Interactions between animal cells and gas bubbles: the influence of serum and pluronic F68 on the physical properties of the bubble surface. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 43: 446–454.
Katinger HWD & Scheirer W (1982) Status and development of animal cell technology using suspension culture techniques. Acta Biotechnologica 2: 3–41.
Kunas KT & Papoutsakis ET (1990) Damage mechanisms of suspended animal cells in agitated bioreactors with and without bubble entrainment. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 36: 476–483.
Lakothia S, Bauer KD & Papoutsakis ET (1992) Damaging agitation intensities increase DNA synthesis rate and alter cell-cycle phase distributions of CHO cells. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 40: 978–990.
Maiorella B, Inlow D & Harano D (1988) USA Patent, PCT/US88/02444.
Martens DE, De Gooijer CD, Beuevery EC & Tramper J (1992) Effect of serum concentration on hybridoma viable cell density and production of monoclonal antibodies in CSTR-s and on shear sensitivity in air-lift loopreactors. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 39: 891–897.
Martens DE, De Gooijer CD, Van der Velden-de Groot CAM, Beuvery EC & Tramper J. (1993) Effect of dilution rate on growth, productivity, cell cycle and size, and shear sensitivity of a hybridoma cell in a continuous culture. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 41: 429–439.
Martens DE, Nollen EAA, Hardeveld M, Van der Velden-de Groot CAM, De Gooijer CD, Beuvery EC & Tramper J Death rate in a small air-lift loop reactor of vero cells grown on solid microcarriers and in macroporous microcarriers. Submitted.
Meijer JJ (1989) Effects of hydrodynamic and chemical/osmotic streess on plant cells in a stirred bioreactor, Ph.D. thesis, Technical University Delft.
Murhammer DW & Goochee CF (1990) Structural features of non-ionic polyglycol polymer molecules responsible for the protective effect in sparged animal cell bioreactors. Biotechnol. Prog. 6: 142–148.
Murhammer DW & Goochee (1990) Sparged animal cell bioreactors: mechanism of cell damage and pluronic F-68 protection. Biotechnol. Prog. 6: 391–3197.
Oh SKW, Nienow AW, Al-Rubeai M & Emery AN (1989) The effects of agitation intensity with and without continuous sparging on the growth and antibody production of hybridoma cells. J. Biotechnol. 12: 45–62.
Papoutsakis ET (1991) Media additives for protecting animal cells against agitation and aeration damage in bioreactors. Trends in Biotechnol. 9: 316–324.
Tramper J, de Gooijer CD & Vlak JM (1993) Scale-up considerations and bioreactor development for animal cell cultivation. In: Insect cell culture engineering (Goossen MFA, Daugulis AJ & Faulkner P, eds.), Marcel Dekker, New York, 139–177.
Tramper J, Smit D, Straatman J & Vlak JM (1988) Bubble-column design for growth of fragile insect cells. Bioprocess Eng. 3: 37–41.
Tramper J, Williams JB, Joustra D & Vlak JM (1986) Shear sensitivity of insect cells in suspension. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 8: 33–36.
Trinh K, Garcia-Briones M, Hink F & Chalmers JJ (1994) Quantification of damage to suspended insect cells as a result of bubble rupture. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 43: 37–45.
Van’ t Riet K & Smith JM (1975) The trailing vortex system produced by Rushton turbine agitators. Chem. Eng. Sci. 30: 1093–1105.
Van’ t Riet K & Tramper J (1991) Basic Bioreactor Design, Marcel Dekker, New York.
Van der Pol L, Zijlstra G, Thalen M & Tramper J (1990) Effect of serum concentration on production of monoclonal antibodies and on shear sensitivity of a hybridoma. Bioprocess Eng. 5: 241–245.
Wu J & Goosen MFA (1995) Evaluation of the killing volume of gas bubbles in sparged animal cell culture bioreactors. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 17: 241–247.
Wudtke M & Schügerl K (1987) Investigation of the influence of physical environment on the cultivation of animal cells. In: Rheologie und mechanische Beanspruching biologischer Systeme, GVC.VDI, Düsseldorf, 159–173.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tramper, J., Vlak, J., de Gooijer, C. (1996). Scale up aspects of sparged insect-cell bioreactors. In: Vlak, J., de Gooijer, C., Tramper, J., Miltenburger, H. (eds) Insect Cell Culture: Fundamental and Applied Aspects. Current Applications of Cell Culture Engineering, vol 2. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-46850-6_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-46850-6_19
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-0-7923-3403-3
Online ISBN: 978-0-306-46850-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive