Abstract
The past decade witnessed a paradigm shift of attention from a protein-centric approach to RNA centric approach in understanding the complexity of multi-factorial diseases like ischemic stroke. Thus, marking the beginning of a new class of non-protein-coding genes, exemplified by the intense research on microRNA, in human physiology and disease. However, microRNAs are just the beginning of a whole new world of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), with unexplored limitless functionalities. These ncRNAs are emerging as prominent regulators of gene expression and as a potential therapeutic modality in various disease pathologies including but not limited to cancer, neurological, and cardiovascular diseases. Here, we look upon some relevant ncRNAs: long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and others, their molecular interaction and therapeutic potential in the context of stroke pathology.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Wright MW, Bruford EAJHG (2011) Naming ‘junk’: human non-protein coding RNA (ncRNA) gene nomenclature. Hum Genomics 5(2):90
Miska EA (2005) How microRNAs control cell division, differentiation and death. Curr Opin Genet Dev 15(5):563–568
Carthew RW (2006) Gene regulation by microRNAs. Curr Opin Genet Dev 16(2):203–208
Kosik KS (2006) The neuronal microRNA system. Nat Rev Neurosci 7(12):911–920
Khoshnam SE et al (2017) Emerging roles of microRNAs in ischemic stroke: as possible therapeutic agents. J Stroke 19(2):166–187
Hayes J, Peruzzi PP, Lawler S (2014) MicroRNAs in cancer: biomarkers, functions and therapy. Trends Mol Med 20(8):460–469
Fatica A, Bozzoni I (2014) Long non-coding RNAs: new players in cell differentiation and development. Nat Rev Genet 15(1):7–21
Haque S, Harries LW (2017) Circular RNAs (circRNAs) in health and disease. Genes (Basel) 8(12):353
Ozata DM et al (2019) PIWI-interacting RNAs: small RNAs with big functions. Nat Rev Genet 20(2):89–108
Rybak-Wolf A et al (2015) Circular RNAs in the mammalian brain are highly abundant, conserved, and dynamically expressed. Mol Cell 58(5):870–885
Chen W, Schuman E (2016) Circular RNAs in brain and other tissues: a functional enigma. Trends Neurosci 39(9):597–604
van Rossum D, Verheijen BM, Pasterkamp RJ (2016) Circular RNAs: novel regulators of neuronal development. Front Mol Neurosci 9:74
You X et al (2015) Neural circular RNAs are derived from synaptic genes and regulated by development and plasticity. Nat Neurosci 18(4):603–610
Iyengar BR et al (2014) Non-coding RNA interact to regulate neuronal development and function. Front Cell Neurosci 8:47
Yang Y et al (2018) Novel role of FBXW7 circular RNA in repressing glioma tumorigenesis. J Natl Cancer Inst 110(3):djx166
Zhu J et al (2017) Differential expression of circular RNAs in glioblastoma multiforme and its correlation with prognosis. Transl Oncol 10(2):271–279
Millan MJ (2017) Linking deregulation of non-coding RNA to the core pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease: an integrative review. Prog Neurobiol 156:1–68
Bao MH et al (2018) Long non-coding RNAs in ischemic stroke. Cell Death Dis 9(3):281
Quinn JJ, Chang HY (2016) Unique features of long non-coding RNA biogenesis and function. Nat Rev Genet 17(1):47–62
Shi J et al (2017) Long non-coding RNA in glioma: signaling pathways. Oncotarget 8(16):27582–27592
Long FQ et al (2018) LncRNA SNHG12 ameliorates brain microvascular endothelial cell injury by targeting miR-199a. Neural Regen Res 13(11):1919–1926
Liu X et al (2016) The mechanism of long non-coding RNA MEG3 for neurons apoptosis caused by hypoxia: mediated by miR-181b-12/15-LOX signaling pathway. Front Cell Neurosci 10:201
Yan H et al (2017) Long non-coding RNA MEG3 functions as a competing endogenous RNA to regulate ischemic neuronal death by targeting miR-21/PDCD4 signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 8(12):3211
Yan H et al (2016) Long noncoding RNA MEG3 activation of p53 mediates ischemic neuronal death in stroke. Neuroscience 337:191–199
Guo D et al (2017) Down-regulation of Lncrna MALAT1 attenuates neuronal cell death through suppressing Beclin1-dependent autophagy by regulating Mir-30a in cerebral ischemic stroke. Cell Physiol Biochem 43(1):182–194
Zhong Y, Yu C, Qin W (2018) LncRNA SNHG14 promotes inflammatory response induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through regulating miR-136-5p /ROCK1. Cancer Gene Ther 26(7–8):1
Qi X et al (2017) Long non-coding RNA SNHG14 promotes microglia activation by regulating miR-145-5p/PLA2G4A in cerebral infarction. Neuroscience 348:98–106
Wu Z et al (2017) LncRNA-N1LR enhances neuroprotection against ischemic stroke probably by inhibiting p53 phosphorylation. Mol Neurobiol 54(10):7670–7685
Yang X, Zi XH (2019) LncRNA SNHG1 alleviates OGD induced injury in BMEC via miR-338/HIF-1alpha axis. Brain Res 1714:174–181
Liu J et al (2017) Downregulation of the long non-coding RNA Meg3 promotes angiogenesis after ischemic brain injury by activating notch signaling. Mol Neurobiol 54(10):8179–8190
Deng QW et al (2018) Differential long noncoding RNA expressions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells for detection of acute ischemic stroke. Clin Sci (Lond) 132(14):1597–1614
Zhang L et al (2018) LncRNA SNHG1 regulates cerebrovascular pathologies as a competing endogenous RNA through HIF-1alpha/VEGF signaling in ischemic stroke. J Cell Biochem 119(7):5460–5472
Wang PL et al (2014) Circular RNA is expressed across the eukaryotic tree of life. PLoS One 9(6):e90859
Holdt LM, Kohlmaier A, Teupser D (2018) Molecular roles and function of circular RNAs in eukaryotic cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 75(6):1071–1098
Rong D et al (2017) An emerging function of circRNA-miRNAs-mRNA axis in human diseases. Oncotarget 8(42):73271–73281
Hanan M, Soreq H, Kadener S (2017) CircRNAs in the brain. RNA Biol 14(8):1028–1034
Liu C et al (2017) Screening circular RNA expression patterns following focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Oncotarget 8(49):86535–86547
Lin SP et al (2016) Circular RNA expression alterations are involved in OGD/R-induced neuron injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 471(1):52–56
Bai Y et al (2018) Circular RNA DLGAP4 ameliorates ischemic stroke outcomes by targeting miR-143 to regulate endothelial-mesenchymal transition associated with blood-brain barrier integrity. J Neurosci 38(1):32–50
Yang X et al (2018) Downregulation of circ_008018 protects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by targeting miR-99a. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 499(4):758–764
Han B et al (2018) Novel insight into circular RNA HECTD1 in astrocyte activation via autophagy by targeting MIR142-TIPARP: implications for cerebral ischemic stroke. Autophagy 14(7):1164–1184
Halic M, Moazed D (2009) Transposon silencing by piRNAs. Cell 138(6):1058–1060
Beyret E, Liu N, Lin H (2012) piRNA biogenesis during adult spermatogenesis in mice is independent of the ping-pong mechanism. Cell Res 22(10):1429–1439
Luteijn MJ, Ketting RF (2013) PIWI-interacting RNAs: from generation to transgenerational epigenetics. Nat Rev Genet 14(8):523–534
Phay M, Kim HH, Yoo S (2018) Analysis of piRNA-like small non-coding RNAs present in axons of adult sensory neurons. Mol Neurobiol 55(1):483–494
Dharap A, Nakka VP, Vemuganti R (2011) Altered expression of PIWI RNA in the rat brain after transient focal ischemia. Stroke 42(4):1105–1109
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
G. K., R., Gressens, P., Nampoothiri, S.S., Surendran, G., Bokobza, C. (2020). New Insights into the Regulatory Role of lncRNA, circRNA, piRNAs, and ceRNAs in Ischemic Stroke. In: IschemiRs: MicroRNAs in Ischemic Stroke. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4798-0_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4798-0_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-4797-3
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-4798-0
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)