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Animal Models of Congenital Gastrointestinal Maladies

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Animal Models of Human Birth Defects

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1236))

Abstract

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract consists of a remarkable series of organs that spatially and temporally coordinate the vital process of digestion to extract key nutrients required to sustain our day-to-day functions. During development, it undergoes complex and highly specialized morphogenetic events to form functionally distinct organs. Its failure to develop properly leads to serious congenital diseases, which if left untreated are particularly devastating and often result in premature death. These GI diseases have been estimated to impact approximately 8–16 of every 10,000 newborns [1, 2]. Importantly, the clinical manifestations of these diseases are severe, with untreated cases having high mortality rates. While some disorders, such as Hirschsprung’s disease, can be treated effectively with surgery, the efficacy of this management strategy is far lower for other diseases, such as necrotizing enterocolitis. Moreover, children often face complications from these surgical procedures, leading to secondary ailments. Consequently, a better understanding of gastrointestinal development is fundamental to the treatment and prevention of congenital GI maladies. This chapter will explore some of the most prevalent and biologically complex congenital diseases of the GI system, with emphasis on animal models that both elucidate their underlying causes and lay the essential groundwork for the advancement of translational medicine.

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  1. The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Ryan J. Smith, Roshane Francis, Ji-Eun Kim & Tae-Hee Kim

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  1. Department of Biology, Eberly College of Science and Huck Insitute of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA

    Aimin Liu

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Smith, R.J., Francis, R., Kim, JE., Kim, TH. (2020). Animal Models of Congenital Gastrointestinal Maladies. In: Liu, A. (eds) Animal Models of Human Birth Defects. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1236. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2389-2_4

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