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Nucleic Acid-Based Aptasensors for Cancer Diagnostics: An Insight into Immobilisation Strategies

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Next Generation Point-of-care Biomedical Sensors Technologies for Cancer Diagnosis

Abstract

Whilst antibodies remain the most popular and trusted choice for molecular recognition, they may still pose challenges for biosensing applications due to their high cost, low reproducibility and large size. One long championed alternative to antibodies are nucleic acid aptamers. Nucleic acid aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA sequences that can bind to a target with high affinity and specificity. Nucleic acid aptamers, due to their varied advantages, have been gaining significant importance in both diagnostic and theranostic applications. Among various diseases, early diagnosis of cancer is one of the biggest concerns for patients and healthcare professionals worldwide. For the case of cancer, it is crucial to be able to deliver treatment whilst monitoring therapy response in real time. This is required in order to prevent over- or under-dosing the patients whilst treatment occurs. One of the most commonly used techniques for cancer diagnosis is to detect biomarkers (cancer-related proteins, small molecules and cancer cells) found in body fluids specific for a particular cancer type. In this chapter, we present a discussion on the use of aptamer-based biosensors (termed as “aptasensors”) for cancer diagnosis. The development of aptamer-based biosensor devices is an interdisciplinary field and relies on very distinct aspects such as characterisation of bio-recognition probes with their respective analytes, immobilisation onto electrode surfaces, development of anti-fouling surface chemistries, sensor design and fabrication and microfluidics. Special attention is given to different types of surface chemistry used for the development of simple, sensitive and cost-effective aptasensors. Utilisation of aptamers is an encouraging tool for the development of point-of-care (PoC) biosensors for the detection of different types of cancer. In the view of unparalleled merits of aptamers, recent achievements and future perspectives of the applications of aptamers are also discussed.

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Acknowledgements

PJ was funded by the European Commission FP7 Programme through the Marie Curie Initial Training Network PROSENSE (Grant No. 317420, 2012–2016). MRB was funded by FAPESP (process number 2013/26133-7). SU was funded by the UK EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Sustainable Chemical Technologies. SKA was funded by the European Commission’s Horizon 2020 Programme through a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship (Grant No. 655176). MM and PE acknowledge support from FAPESP and the University of Bath through the SPRINT program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK

    Pawan Jolly, Serife Ustuner, Sunil K. Arya & Pedro Estrela

  2. Department of Physics, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil

    Marina R. Batistuti & Marcelo Mulato

Authors
  1. Pawan Jolly
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  2. Marina R. Batistuti
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  3. Serife Ustuner
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  4. Marcelo Mulato
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  5. Sunil K. Arya
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  6. Pedro Estrela
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Correspondence to Pawan Jolly or Pedro Estrela .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India

    Pranjal Chandra

  2. Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, Singapore

    Yen Nee Tan

  3. Electron and Ion Microscopy Group, CSIR- National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India

    Surinder P. Singh

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Jolly, P., Batistuti, M.R., Ustuner, S., Mulato, M., Arya, S.K., Estrela, P. (2017). Nucleic Acid-Based Aptasensors for Cancer Diagnostics: An Insight into Immobilisation Strategies. In: Chandra, P., Tan, Y., Singh, S. (eds) Next Generation Point-of-care Biomedical Sensors Technologies for Cancer Diagnosis. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4726-8_9

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