Lignin as a Raw Material for Carbon Fibre

Chapter
First Online:
Part of the SpringerBriefs in Materials book series (BRIEFSMATERIALS)

Abstract

Lignin as a raw material for carbon fibre is presented in this chapter. In contrast to PAN and petroleum pitch, lignin is a renewable material and has a carbon content of more than 60%. Furthermore, it is available in large quantities; possible to isolate and eventually modify, and still obtainable as a relatively cost-competitive raw material, as compared with PAN. Cost estimations for lignin as precursor shows potential of a remarkably cost reduction as compared to PAN based precursor.

Keywords

Lignin Renewable material Carbon fibre Cost-competitive Low cost carbon fibre 
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

References

  1. Baker DA, Gallego NC, Baker FS (2012) On the characterization and spinning of an organic-purified lignin toward the manufacture of low-cost carbon fibre. J Appl Polym Sci 124:227–234CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. Baker DA, Rials TG (2013) Recent advances in low-cost carbon fibre manufacture from lignin. J Appl Polym Sci 130(2):713–728. doi: 10.1002/app.39273 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  3. Baker FS (2010a) Presentation at 2010 DOE Hydrogen program and vehicle technologies annual merit review and peer evaluation meeting, June 7–11, 2010. Available at http://www1.eere.energy.gov/vehiclesandfuels/pdfs/merit_review_2010/lightweight_materials/lm005_baker_2010_o.pdf
  4. Baker FS (2010b) Low Cost Carbon Fibre from Renewable Resources, June 7–11, 2010. Available at http://www1.eere.energy.gov/vehiclesandfuels/pdfs/merit_review_2010/lightweight_materials/lm005_baker_2010_o.pdf2010. Oak Ridge National Laboratory
  5. Baker FS, Gallego NC, Baker DA (2009) DOE FY 2009 progress report for lightweighting materials, Part 7.A., 2009. Available at http://www1.eere.energy.gov/vehiclesandfuels/pdfs/lm_09/7_low-cost_carbon_fibre.pdf
  6. Baker FS, Baker, DA, Gallego NC (2010a) Carbon fibre from lignin. Proceeding, Carbon 2010, Clemson, SC, July 11–16Google Scholar
  7. Baker FS, Baker DA, Gallego NC (2010b) Proceeding, SAMPE ’10 Conference and Exhibition, Seattle, WA, May 17–20Google Scholar
  8. Berkowitz J (2011) The CAFE numbers game: making sense of the new fuel economy regulations. Car and Driver. Retrieved June 23, 2014, from http://www.caranddriver.com/features/the-cafe-numbers-game-making-sense-of-the-newfuel-economy-regulations-feature
  9. Gellerstedt G, Sjöholm E, Brodin I (2010) The Wood-based biorefinery: a source of carbon fibre? Open Agric J 3:119–124CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. Gosselink RJA (2011) Lignin as a renewable aromatic resource for the chemical industry. Ph.D. Thesis—Proefschrift Wageningen, 2011Google Scholar
  11. Horikiri S, Iseki J, Minobe M (1978) Process for producing carbon fibre, US Patent 4070446Google Scholar
  12. Huang X (2009) Fabrication and properties of carbon fibres. Materials 2:2369–2403. doi: 10.3390/ma2042369 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. Kadla JF, Kubo S, Venditti RA, Gilbert RD, Compere AL, Griffith W (2002) Lignin based carbon fibres for composite fibre applications. Carbon 40:2913–2920CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. Kubo S, Ishikawa M, Uraki Y, Sano Y (1997) Preparation of lignin fibres from softwood acetic acid lignin relationship between fusibility and the chemical structure of lignin. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 43:655–662Google Scholar
  15. Kubo S, Kadla JF (2005) Lignin-based carbon fibres: effect of synthetic polymer blending on fibre properties. J Polym Environ 13:97–105CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. Lucintel, Market Report (2011) Growth opportunities in the global carbon fibre market, 2011–2016. Lucintel, Las ColinasGoogle Scholar
  17. Nordström Y (2012) Development of softwood kraft lignin based carbon fibres, Licentiate Thesis. Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics Luleå University of TechnologyGoogle Scholar
  18. Otani S, Fukuoka Y, Igarashi B (1969) Methods for Producing Carbonized Lignin Fibre. US Patent 3461082Google Scholar
  19. Paulauskas FL, White TL, Spruiell JE (2006) Proceedings of the International SAMPE Technical Conference, Long Beach, CA, USA, May 2006Google Scholar
  20. Paulauskas FL (2010) Presentation at 2010 DOE Hydrogen program and vehicle technologies annual merit review and peer evaluation meeting, June 9, 2010. Available at http://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/pdfs/review10/st093_paulauskas_2010_p_web.pdf
  21. Paulauskas FL, Norris R, Naskar A, Ozcan S, Yarborough K (2010) DOE Hydrogen program annual progress report, 2010, 622–627. Available at http://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/pdfs/progress10/iv_g_3_norris.pdf
  22. Sudo K, Shimizu K (1992) A new carbon fibre from lignin. J Appl Polym Sci 44(1):127–134CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. Uraki Y, Kubo S, Nigo N, Sano Y, Sasaya T (1995) Preparation of carbon fibres from organosolv lignin obtained by aqueous acetic acid pulping. Holzforschung 49:343–350CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. Warren CD, Paulauskas FL, Baker FS, Eberle CC, Naskar A (2008) Multi-task research program to develop commodity grade, lower cost carbon fibre. In: Proceedings of the SAMPE Fall Technical Conference, Memphis, TN, USA, Sept 2008Google Scholar
  25. Warren CD, Paulauskas FL, Baker FS, Eberle CC, Naskar A (2009a) Development of lower cost carbon fibre for high volume applications. SAMPE J 45(24–36):33Google Scholar
  26. Warren CD, Paulauska FL, Eberle CC, Naskar AK, Ozcan S (2009b) Proceedings of the 17th Annual International Conference on Composites/Nano Engineering, Hawaii, USA, July 2009Google Scholar
  27. Warren DC (2009) Low cost carbon fibre research in the LM materials program overview. Oak Ridge, TN. Retrieved from https://www1.eere.energy.gov/vehiclesandfuels/pdfs/merit_review_2009/lightweight_materials/lm_02_warren.pdf
  28. White SM, Spruiell JE, Paulauskas FL (2006) Fundamental studies of stabilization of polyacrylonitrile precursor, part 1. Effects of thermal and environmental treatments Proceedings of the International SAMPE Technical Conference, Long Beach, CA, USA, May 2006Google Scholar
  29. Warren CD, Naskar AK (2012) Presentation at 2012 DOE Hydrogen and fuel cells program and vehicle technologies program annual merit review and peer evaluation meeting, May 16, 2012. Available at http://www1.eere.energy.gov/vehiclesandfuels/pdfs/merit_review_2012/lightweight_materials/lm004_warren_2012_o.pdf
  30. Warren CD (2011) DOE Progress report for lightweighting materials, 3. Polymer Composites, 3–15 to 3–41. Available at http://www1.eere.energy.gov/vehiclesandfuels/resources/vt_lm_fy11.html

Copyright information

© The Author(s) 2017

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Pulp and Paper, ConsultantsKanpurIndia

Personalised recommendations