Designing Bioactive Scaffolds for Dental Tissue Engineering

  • Manoj Komath
  • H. K. Varma
  • Annie John
  • Vinod Krishnan
  • Deepti Simon
  • Manikandhan Ramanathan
  • G. S. Bhuvaneshwar
Chapter
First Online:

Abstract

Research in dentistry has aggressively moved into regenerative approaches in order to achieve improved clinical outcomes. Tissue engineering has been adopted in dental and craniofacial tissue regeneration with significant success. This article reviews the state of the art in tissue engineering across dentistry, particularly in areas like endodontics, periodontics, and orthodontics. The basic tenets of tissue engineering, i.e., incorporating cells and signaling molecules into a specially designed scaffold, could be applied to regenerate defective dental tissues as well. The main challenge here is that the tissues constituting the tooth and supporting structures have a highly intricate architecture, with each tissue having a specific function. Regeneration of pulp, dentine, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone has been individually demonstrated; but the collective regrowth of composite tissue structures is still elusive. Ambitious projects like growing the whole tooth and generating complete periodontium are in progress. This article emphasizes the futuristic role of tissue engineering in oral rehabilitation. The article also includes the efforts of an Indian team to design and develop bioactive scaffolds for dental tissue regeneration. Such ventures of effective translation of research become successful only through the combined efforts of material researchers, product designers, clinicians and industry.

Keywords

Bioactive scaffold Biomaterial Biocompatibility Guided tissue regeneration Regenerative endodontics 

Abbreviations

BCP

Biphasic calcium phosphate

CPC

Calcium phosphate cement

CSF

Cell sheet fragments

CSP

Cell sheet pellets

ECM

Extracellular matrix

EMDs

Enamel matrix derivatives

GTR

Guided tissue regeneration

MCS

Monolayered cell sheets

MLS

Multilayered cell sheets

PAOO

Periodontal accelerated osteogenic orthodontics

PDL

Periodontal ligament

PEG-PLGA

Polyethylene glycol polylactic-polyglycolic acid

RADMSCs

Rabbit adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells

TCP

Tricalcium phosphate

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Copyright information

© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017

Authors and Affiliations

  • Manoj Komath
    • 1
  • H. K. Varma
    • 1
  • Annie John
    • 1
  • Vinod Krishnan
    • 2
  • Deepti Simon
    • 3
  • Manikandhan Ramanathan
    • 4
  • G. S. Bhuvaneshwar
    • 5
  1. 1.Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and TechnologyThiruvananthapuramIndia
  2. 2.Department of OrthodonticsSri Sankara Dental CollegeThiruvananthapuramIndia
  3. 3.Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryGovernment Dental CollegeThiruvananthapuramIndia
  4. 4.Meenakshi Cleft and Craniofacial Center, Meenakshi Dental CollegeChennaiIndia
  5. 5.Consultant – Medical DevicesChennaiIndia

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