Abstract
The extreme climatic variability historically experienced in Australia’s Murray-Darling Basin and the institutions developed to respond to it have generated key lessons for managing water infrastructure under climate variability and change. In response to highly variable river flows, surface water storage systems have been constructed in the Murray-Darling Basin that can store nearly three times the average river discharge, and groundwater is increasingly exploited. These interventions have negatively impacted the environmental health of the river system. Severe droughts have exacerbated the environmental impacts, threatened livelihoods, and exposed weaknesses in management. Incremental reforms have been introduced to better manage climatic variability. A number of key water management reforms for climatic variability are described in this chapter, including capping consumptive water extractions; conjunctive management of surface water and groundwater; establishing a water market; rebuilding water storage, distribution, and irrigation infrastructure to reduce water losses; and reallocating water to environmental flows. These have dramatically changed the way that surface water infrastructure is operated. Reforms in 2008 led to the adoption of a new basin plan for implementation from 2019, but there is little allowance for climate change despite projections for changing water availability in the future. The lack of periodic relicensing is a missed opportunity to systematically reoperate water infrastructure. Surface water and groundwater resources are further threatened by other changes, including the exploitation of unconventional gas and carbon sequestration plantations.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Adamson D, Loch A (2014) Possible negative feedbacks from ‘gold-plating’ irrigation infrastructure. Agric Water Manag 145:134–144
Arthington AH (2012) Environmental flows. Saving rivers in the third millennium. University of California Press, Berkeley
Arthington A, Pusey BJ (2003) Flow restoration and protection in Australian rivers. River Research and Applications 19:377–395. doi:10.1002/rra.745
Babister M, Ball J (2013) Statement from the national committee on water engineering. Engineers Australia, Canberra
Barron OV, Crosbie RS, Charles SP, Dawes WR, Ali R, Evans WR, Cresswell R, Pollock D, Hodgson G, Currie D, Mpelasoka F, Pickett T, Aryal S, Donn M, Wurcker B (2011) Climate change impact on groundwater resources in Australia. Waterlines, National Water Commission, Canberra
Boening C, Willis JK, Landerer FW, Nerem RS, Fasullo J (2012) The 2011 La Niña: so strong, the oceans fell. Geophys Res Lett 39(19):L19602. doi:10.1029/2012GL053055, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2012GL053055/abstract;jsessionid=35A055A7B721ED6DEC2FC14133C61DD4.f01t03
Bowling L, Baker P (1996) Major cyanobacterial bloom in the Barwon-Darling River, Australia, in 1991, and underlying limnological conditions. Mar Freshw Res 47(4):643–657. doi:10.1071/MF9960643
Commonwealth of Australia (2008) Water Act 2007. Act No. 137 as amended. Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra
Commonwealth of Australia (2012) Basin plan. Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra
Connell D (2007) Water politics in the Murray-Darling Basin. The Federation Press, Leichardt
Connell D (2011) The role of the commonwealth environmental water holder. In: Connell D, Grafton RQ (eds) Basin futures: water reform in the Murray-Darling Basin. ANU E Press, Canberra, pp 327–338
CSIRO (2008) Water availability in the Murray-Darling Basin. A report from CSIRO to the Australian government. CSIRO, Canberra
Falkenmark M, Molden D (2008) Wake up to the realities of river basin closure. Water Resources Development 24(2):201–215
Foerster A (2008) Managing and protecting environmental water: lessons from the Gwydir for ecologically sustainable water management in the Murray Darling Basin. Environmental Planning and Law Journal 25(1):130–153
Garrick DE (2015) Water allocation in rivers under pressure. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham
Grafton RQ (2015) Water: risks, opportunities and public policy. In: Paper presented at the 18th annual conference on global economic analysis, Melbourne, 19 June 2015
Grafton RQ, Horne J (2014) Water markets in the Murray-Darling Basin. Agric Water Manag 145:61–71. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2013.12.001
Grafton RQ, Pittock J, Davis R, Williams J, Fu G, Warburton M, Udall B, McKenzie R, Yu X, Che N, Connell D, Jiang Q, Kompas T, Lynch A, Norris R, Possingham H, Quiggin J (2012) Global insights into water resources, climate change and governance. Nature Clim Change 3(4):315–321. doi:10.1038/nclimate1746
Grafton RQ, Pittock J, Williams J, Jiang Q, Possingham H, Quiggin J (2014) Water planning and hydro-climatic change in the Murray-Darling Basin. Australia. AMBIO:1–11. doi:10.1007/s13280-014-0495-x
Herron N, Davis R, Jones R (2002) The effects of large-scale afforestation and climate change on water allocation in the Macquarie River catchment, NSW. Australia. Journal of Environmental Management 65(4):369–381
Hollander R, Curran G (2001) The greening of the grey: national competition policy and the environment. Australian Journal of Public Administration 60(3):42–55. doi:10.1111/1467-8500.00223
Kingsford RT, Walker KF, Lester RE, Young WJ, Fairweather PG, Sammut J, Geddes MC (2011) A Ramsar wetland in crisis—the Coorong, Lower Lakes and Murray Mouth, Australia. Mar Freshw Res 62:255–265
Leblanc MJ, Tregoning P, Ramillien G, Tweed SO, Fakes A (2009) Basin-scale, integrated observations of the early 21st century multiyear drought in southeast Australia. Water Resour Res 45(4):W04408. doi:10.1029/2008wr007333
Leblanc M, Tweed S, Van Dijk A, Timbal B (2012) A review of historic and future hydrological changes in the Murray-Darling Basin. Global Planet Change 80–81:226–246. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2011.10.012
Lukasiewicz A, Finlayson CM, Pittock J (2013) Identifying low risk climate change adaptation in catchment management while avoiding unintended consequences. National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility, Gold Coast
Maheshwari BL, Walker KF, McMahon TA (1995) Effects of regulation on the flow regime of the river Murray, Australia. Regulated Rivers Res Manage 10(1):15–38
McHugh S (1996) Cottoning on: stories of Australian cotton-growing. Hale & Iremonger, Willoughby
MDBA (2010) Guide to the proposed Basin Plan: overview. Murray-Darling Basin Authority, Canberra
MDBA (2012a) Proposed Basin plan consultation report. MDBA publication no: 59/12. Murray-Darling Basin Authority, Canberra
MDBA (2012b) The proposed groundwater baseline and sustainable diversion limits: methods report. MDBA publication 16/12. Canberra, Murray-Darling Basin Authority
MDBA (2015) Water storage in the Basin. Murray Darling Basin Authority, Canberra
MDBC (2004) Native fish strategy for the Murray-Darling Basin 2003–2013. MDBC publication 25/04. Murray-Darling Basin Commission, Canberra
MDBMC (2001) Basin salinity management strategy 2001–2015. Murray-Darling Basin Ministerial Council, Canberra
MEA (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment) (2005) Ecosystems and human well-being: wetlands and water synthesis. World Resources Institute, Washington DC
Merz SK, CSIRO, Bureau of Rural Sciences (2010) Surface and/or groundwater interception activities: initial estimates. Waterlines report. National Water Commission, Canberra
Miller C (2005) The snowy river story: the grassroots campaign to save a national icon. ABC Books, Sydney
NCC (n.d.) National competition policy. Major areas for reform. National Competition Council, Canberra
NWC (2010) The coal seam gas and water challenge: national water commission position. National Water Commission, Canberra
NWC (2011) The national water initiative—securing Australia’s water future: 2011 assessment. National Water Commission, Canberra
Pascoe B (2014) Dark emu: Black seeds agriculture or accident? Magabala Books, Broome
Pittock J (2013) Lessons from adaptation to sustain freshwater environments in the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia. Wiley Interdisc Rev Clim Change 4(6):429–438. doi:10.1002/wcc.230
Pittock J, Finlayson CM (2011) Australia’s Murray-Darling Basin: freshwater ecosystem conservation options in an era of climate change. Mar Freshw Res 62:232–243
Pittock J, Hartmann J (2011) Taking a second look: climate change, periodic re-licensing and better management of old dams. Mar Freshw Res 62:312–320
Pittock J, Finlayson CM, Gardner A, McKay C (2010) Changing character: the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands and climate change in the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia. Environ Plann Law J 27(6):401–425
Pittock J, Finlayson CM, Howitt JA (2012) Beguiling and risky: “environmental works and measures” for wetlands conservation under a changing climate. Hydrobiologia 708(1):111–131. doi:10.1007/s10750-012-1292-9
Pittock J, Hussey K, McGlennon S (2013) Australian climate, energy and water policies: conflicts and synergies. Aust Geogr 44(1):3–22. doi:10.1080/00049182.2013.765345
Pittock J, Grafton RQ, Williams J (2015a) The Murray-Darling Basin plan fails to deal adequately with climate change. Water J Aust Water Assoc 42(6):28–34
Pittock J, Hussey K, Dovers S (2015b) Ecologically sustainable development in broader retrospect and prospect: evaluating national framework policies against climate adaptation imperatives. Australas J Environ Manage 22(1):1–15. doi:10.1080/14486563.2014.999725
Productivity Commission (2010) Market mechanisms for recovering water in the Murray-Darling Basin, final report, March. Productivity Commission, Canberra
Qureshi M, Schwabe K, Connor J, Kirby M (2010) Environmental water incentive policy and return flows. Water Resour Res 46(4). doi:10.1029/2008WR007445
Russo TN (2000) US federal energy regulatory commission. Contributing paper prepared for Thematic Review IV.5: Operation, monitoring and decommissioning of dams. World Commission on Dams, Cape Town
SSCRRAT (2013) The management of the Murray-Darling Basin. Senate Standing Committee on Rural & Regional Affairs & Transport, Canberra
Steinfeld C, Kingsford RT (2013) Disconnecting the floodplain: earthworks and their ecological effect on a dryland floodplain in the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia. River Res Appl 29(2):206–218
van Dijk A, Evans R, Hairsine P, Khan S, Nathan R, Paydar Z, Viney N, Zhang L (2006) Risks to the shared water resources of the Murray-Darling Basin. Murray-Darling Basin Commission, Canberra
Victorian Auditor General (2010) Irrigation water stores: Lake Mokoan and Tarago Reservoir. Victorian Government Printer, Melbourne
Water for Rivers (2009) Water for rivers. Water for Rivers, Albury
WCD (2000) Dams and development: a new framework for decision-making. The report of the World Commission on Dams. Earthscan, London
Weir JK (2009) Murray river country: an ecological dialogue with traditional owners. Aboriginal Studies Press, Acton
Weir JK (2011) Water planning and dispossession. In: Connell D, Grafton RQ (eds) Basin futures: water reform in the Murray-Darling basin. ANU E Press, Canberra, pp 179–191
WGCS (2012) Analysis of groundwater in the draft 2011 Murray-Darling Basin Plan. Wentworth Group of Concerned Scientists, Sydney
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Pittock, J. (2016). The Murray–Darling Basin: Climate Change, Infrastructure, and Water. In: Tortajada, C. (eds) Increasing Resilience to Climate Variability and Change. Water Resources Development and Management. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1914-2_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1914-2_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-1913-5
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-1914-2
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)