Meso-Neoproterozoic Stratigraphic and Tectonic Framework of the North China Craton

  • Jianmin Hu
  • Zhenhong Li
  • Wangbin Gong
  • Guohui Hu
  • Xiaopeng Dong
Chapter
First Online:
Part of the Springer Geology book series (SPRINGERGEOL)

Abstract

The Meso-Neoproterozoic sedimentary strata of the North China Craton (NCC) occur mainly in the Xiong’er Rift in the southern marginal part of the craton, the Yanliao Rift in the central region, and the Zhaertai–Bayan Obo Rift on the northern margin. In recent years, high-precision zircon U-Pb dating ages from several crucial stratums in Yanliao rift system provided a strong foundation for reconstruction of Meso-Neoproterozoic stratigraphic framework in NCC. These revolutionary progresses require new recognitions for tectonic evolution of NCC in Meso-Neoproterozoic. Among these progresses, the most important breakthrough is that Neoproterozoic Xiamaling formation in former research is redivided into Mesoproterozoic stratums and redefined as building system. In the latest standard scheme of China stratigraphic chart, Changcheng system, Jixian system, building system, Qingbaikou system, Nanhua system, and Sinian system are, respectively, limited into 1.8–1.6 Ga, 1.6–1.4 Ga, 1.4–1.0 Ga, 1.0–0.78 Ga, 780–635 Ma, 635–541 Ma. Under the new stratigraphic framework, the Mesoproterozoic Changcheng System consists of clastic rocks of the tidal flat–littoral facies, and the Jixian System contains carbonate rocks of the neritic facies in the lower section and clastic rocks of the tidal flat–littoral facies in the upper section. Therefore, the sedimentary sequences of these systems record a complete sedimentary sequence from transgression to regression. The Neoproterozoic Qinbaikou and Nanhua systems are transgressive sequences consisting of clastic rocks of the tidal flat–littoral facies in lower sections and carbonate rocks of the neritic facies in upper sections. These changes in lithology indicate increasing water depth over time. The Sinian System is composed of tillite, which occurs along the western and southern margins of the NCC and in the Longshoushan area, on the southern margin of the Alxa Block. Based on the sedimentary characteristics of the Meso-Neoproterozoic strata, as well as multiple magmatic events, we identify five phases in the evolution of the NCC during this period: (1) continental rifting during the early Mesoproterozoic, (2) a passive continental margin during the middle Mesoproterozoic, (3) an active continental margin during the late Mesoproterozoic, (4) extrusion and uplift, and (5) continental rifting at the end of the Mesoproterozoic and beginning of the Neoproterozoic. The first two stages likely record the final break-up of the Columbia supercontinent, whereas stages three to five may have been linked to the assembly and break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent.

Keywords

North China Craton Meso-Neoproterozoic Stratigraphic framework Lithofacies paleogeography Tectonic evolution 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

This work was funded by the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB416604), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41472211, 91114204), and the Geological Investigation Project of the China Geological Survey (1212011220259, DD20160060).

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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016

Authors and Affiliations

  • Jianmin Hu
    • 1
    • 2
  • Zhenhong Li
    • 1
    • 2
  • Wangbin Gong
    • 1
    • 2
  • Guohui Hu
    • 1
  • Xiaopeng Dong
    • 1
  1. 1.Institute of GeomechanicsChinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijingChina
  2. 2.Key Laboratory of Paleomagnetism and Tectonic Reconstruction of Ministry of Land and ResourcesBeijingChina

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