Molecular mechanisms of potassium and sodium uptake in plants

  • Pascal Mäser
  • Markus Gierth
  • Julian I. Schroeder
Chapter
Part of the Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences book series (DPSS, volume 98)

Abstract

Potassium (K+) is an essential nutrient and the most abundant cation in plants, whereas the closely related ion sodium (Na+) is toxic to most plants at high millimolar concentrations. K+ deficiency and Na+ toxicity are both major constraints to crop production worldwide. K+ counteracts Na+ stress, while Na+, in turn, can to a certain degree alleviate K+ deficiency. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of K+ and Na+ transport is pivotal to the understanding — and eventually engineering — of plant K+ nutrition and Na+ sensitivity. Here we provide an overview on plant K+ transporters with particular emphasis on root K+ and Na+ uptake. Plant K+-permeable cation transporters comprise seven families. Shaker-type K+ channels, ‘two-pore’ K+ channels, cyclic-nucleotidegated channels, putative K+/H+ antiporters, KUP/HAK/KT transporters, HKT transporters, and LCT1. Candidate genes for Na+ transport are the KUP/HAK/KTs, HKTs, CNGCs,and LCT1. Expression in heterologous systems, localization in plants, and genetic disruption in plants will provide insight into the roles of transporter genes in K+ nutrition and Na+ toxicity.

Key words

Arabidopsis thaliana ion transport potassium salt sensitivity sodium 

Abbreviations

AKT

ArabidopsisK+ transporter

CNGC

cyclic-nucleotide-gated channel

HAK

high-affinity K+ transporter

HKT

high-affinity K+ transporter

KCO

K+ channel outward-rectifier

KEA

K+ exchange antiporter

KT

K+ transporter

KUP

K+ uptake permease

LCT

low-affinity cation transporter

SKOR

stelar K+ outward-rectifier

Trk

K+ transporter

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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2002

Authors and Affiliations

  • Pascal Mäser
    • 1
  • Markus Gierth
    • 1
  • Julian I. Schroeder
    • 1
  1. 1.Cell and Developmental Biology Section and Center for Molecular Genetics, Division of BiologyUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaUSA

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