Cosmic Rays in the Heliosphere pp 351-363 | Cite as
Cosmic-Ray Transport Coefficients
Chapter
Abstract
A review of cosmic-ray transport coefficients, based on historic and recent observations and theoretical insights, is presented. Particular emphasis is on the transport of cosmic rays across the magnetic field, which is of foremost importance, and is presently poorly understood and widely debated.
Key words
cosmic rays charged-particle transport diffusionPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
- Bieber, J. W., and Matthaeus, W. H,: 1997, ‘Perpendicular diffusion and drift at intermediate cosmic-ray energies’, Astrophys. J. 485, 655.ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Bieber, J. W., Matthaeus, W. H, Smith C. W., Wanner W., Kallenrode M.-B., and Wibberenz G.: 1994, ‘Proton and electron mean free paths: The Palmer consensus revisited’, Astrophys. J. 420, 294.ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Bieber, J. W., Wanner W., and Matthaeus, W. H.: 1996, ‘Dominant two-dimensional solar wind turbulence with implications for cosmic ray transport’, J. Geophys. Res. 101, 2511.ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Cummings A. C., and Stone, E. C.: 1996, ‘Composition of anomalous cosmic rays and implications for the heliosphere’, Space Sci. Rev 78, 117.ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Dwyer, J. R., Mason, G. M., Mazur, J. E., Jokipii, J. R., von Rosenvinge, T. T., and Lepping, R. P.: 1997, ‘Perpendicular transport of low energy CIR associated nuclei’, Astrophys. J.,in press.Google Scholar
- Fisk, L. A.: 1996, ‘Motion of the foot points of heliospheric magnetic field lines at the Sun: Implications for recurrent energetic particle events at high heliographic latitudes’, J. Geophys. Res. 101, 15, 547.Google Scholar
- Forman, M. A.: 1977, ‘The velocity correlation function in cosmic-ray ‘theory’, Astrophys. Sp. Sci. 49, 83.ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Forman, M. A., Jokipii, J. R., and Owens, A. J.: 1974, ‘Cosmic-ray streaming perpendicular to the mean magnetic field’, Astrophys. J. 192, 535.ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Giacalone, J., and Jokipii,J. R.: 1994, ‘Charged-particle motion in multidimensional magnetic-field turbulence’, Astrophys. Lett. 430,L137.Google Scholar
- Gloeckler, G., Schwadron, N. A., Fisk, L. A., and Geiss, J.: 1995, ‘Weak pitch angle scattering of few MV rigidity ions from measurements of anisotropies in the distribution function of interstellar H+’, Geophys. Res. Lett. 22, 2665.ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Hassleman, K., and Wibberenz, G.: 1968, ‘Scattering of charged particles by random electromagnetic fields’, Z. Geophys. 34, 353.Google Scholar
- Intriligator, D. S., and Siscoe, G.: 199?, ‘Cross-field diffusion in corotating interaction regions’, J. Geophys. Res. 100 21,605.Google Scholar
- Jokipii, J. R.: 1966, ‘Cosmic-ray propagation, 1, charged particles in a random magnetic field’, Astrophys. J. 146, 480.ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Jokipii, J. R.: 1972, ‘Fokker-Planck equations for charged-particle transport in random fields’, Astrophys. J. 172, 319.ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Jokipii, J. R.: 1973, ‘The rate of separation of magnetic lines of force in a random magnetic field’, Astrophys. J. 183, 1029.ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Jokipii, J. R.: 1986, ‘Particle acceleration at a termination shock 1. Application to the solar wind and anomalous component’, J. Geophys. Res. 91, 2929.ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Jokipii, J. R.: 1993, ‘Particle drifts for a finite scattering rate’, Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays 23rd, 3, 497.Google Scholar
- Jokipii, J. R., and Parker, E. N.: 1969, ‘Stochastic aspects of magnetic lines of force with application to cosmic-ray propagation’, Astrophvs. J. 155, 777.ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Jokipii, J. R., Kota, J., and Giacalone J.: 1993. ‘Perpendicular transport in 1- and 2-dimensional shock simulations’, Geophvs. Res. Lett. 20, 1759.ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Kennel, C. F., Coroniti, F. V., Scarf F. L.. Livesey W. A., Russell C. T., Smith E. J., Wenzel K. P., M. Scholer M.: 1986, ‘A test of l.ee’s quasi-linear theory of ion acceleration by interplanetary traveling shocks’, J. Geophvs. Res. 91, 11,917.Google Scholar
- Klimas, A. J., and Sandri, G.,: 1973, ‘A rigorous cosmic-ray transport equation with no restrictions on particle energy’, Astrophvs. J. 180, 937.ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Kota, J., J. R. Jokipii: 1997. ‘Modeling of 3-D corotating cosmic-ray structures in the heliosphere’. Sp. Sci. Rev.,in press.Google Scholar
- Lee, M. A.: 1983, ‘Coupled hydromagnetic wave excitation and ion acceleration at interplanetary traveling shocks’, J. Geophvs. Res 88, 6109.ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Ma Sung, L. S., and Earl, J. A.: 1978. A.: 1978, ‘Interplanetary propagation of flare-associated energetic particles, Astrophvs. J. 222, 1080.Google Scholar
- Meyer, P., Parker, E. N., and Simpson. J. A.: 1956, ‘Solar cosmic rays of of February, 1956, and their propagation through interplanetary space’, Phys. Rev. 104, 768.ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Palmer, I. D.: 1982, ‘Transport coefficients of low-energy cosmic rays in interplanetary space’, Rev. Geophvs. 20, 335.ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Parker, E. N.: 1958. N.: 1958, ‘Origin and dynamics of cosmic rays’, Phys. Rex 109, 1328.Google Scholar
- Parker, E. N.: 1965, ‘The passage of energetic charged particles through interplanetary space’, Planet. Space.Sci. 13, 9.ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Potgieter, M. S., and le Roux. J. A.: 1992, ‘The simulated features of heliospheric cosmic-ray modulation with a time-dependent drift model I, General effects of the changing neutral sheet over the period 1985–1990’, Astrophvs. J. 386, 336.ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Potgieter, M. S., le Roux, J. A., and Burger, R. A.: 1992, ‘Interplanetary cosmic ray radial gradients with steady-state modulation models’, J. Geophvs. Res 94, 2323.ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Roelof, E. C.: 1968, ‘Transport of cosmic rays in the interplanetary medium’, Can. J. Phys. 46, 5990.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Simnett, G.M., Saylc, K.A., Tappin, S.J., and Roelof, E.C.: 1995, ‘Co-rotating particle enhancements out of the ecliptic plane’, Space Sci. Rev. 72, 307.ADSGoogle Scholar
- Taylor, G. 1.: 1922, ‘Diffusion by continuous movements’, Prot. London Math. Soc., Ser. 2, 20, 196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Webber, W. R., Potgieter, M.S., and Burger, R. A.: 1989. ‘A comparison of predictions of a wavy neutral sheet drift model with cosmic-ray data over a whole modulation cycle: 1976–1987’, Astrophvs. J. 349, 634.ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Wibberenz, G.: 1979, ‘Coronal and interplanetary propagation’. Rapp. Rep. Int. Conf. Cosmic Rays, 16th, 234.Google Scholar
- Zurbuchen, T. H., Schwadron, N. A., and Fisk, L. A.: 1997, ‘Direct observational evidence for a heliospheric magnetic field with large excursions in latitude’, J. Geophvs. Res. 102, 24, 175.Google Scholar
Copyright information
© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 1998