Energetic Photon Spectra as Probes of the Process of Particle Acceleration in Accretion Flows Around Black Holes
Abstract
Most of the powerful astronomical objects discovered over the past three decades appear to be energised by the accretion of matter on to condensed massive bodies residing in their centres. X-ray binaries, active galactic nuclei, extragalactic double radio sources displaying relativistic jets and other such interesting phenomena are some examples for which an important part of the gravitational energy associated with the inflow of matter is radiated away as non-thermal particles and quanta. Excellent overviews of the relevant astronomical literature and of the physical processes related with accretion flows on to black holes are provided by Rees [1], Begelman et al.[2] and by Frank et al. [3]. In recent years the evidence for the existence of both supermassive black holes (M BH ~ 106 — 108 M ⊙) and stellar mass black holes is accumulating rapidly [4–7].
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
- 1.M.J.Rees, Physica Ser. 17, 193 (1978); Ann. Rev. Astr. Astrophys., 22, 471, (1989).Google Scholar
- 2.M.C.Begelman, R.D.Blandford and M.J.Rees, Rev. Mod. Phys., 56, 225 (1984).ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 3.J. Frank, A. King and D. Raine, Accretion Power in Astrophysics, (Cambridge University Press, (1992).Google Scholar
- 4.M.Miyoshi et al. Nature, 373, 127 (1995).ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 5.G.Fabbiano and J.Z.Juda, Ap. J. 478, 542 (1997).ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 6.D.Banet, J.E.McClintok and J.E.Grindley, Ap.J. 473,963 (1996), and the references therein.Google Scholar
- 7.V.R.Chitnis, A.R.Rao and P.C.Agrawal, to appear in Astr. and Astrophys., (1998).Google Scholar
- 8.E.P.Liang and P.L.Nolan, Sp. Sci. Rev., 38, 353 (1984).ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 9.S.L.Shapiro and S.A.Teukolsky, Black Holes, White Dwarfs and Neutron Stars (Wiley-Interscience, 1983).Google Scholar
- 10.R.Cowsik and M.A.Lee, Proc. Roy.Soc.Lond., A383, 409 (1982).ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 11.A.Babul, J.P.Ostriker and P.Mezaros, Ap.J. 347, 59 (1989).ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 12.M.Yokosawa, PASJ, 46, 73 (1994).ADSGoogle Scholar
- 13.S.K.Chakrabarti, Theory of shocks in accretion flows, (World Scientific, 1992).Google Scholar
- 14.L.O’C. Drury, Rep. Prog. Phys., 46, 973 (1983).Google Scholar
- 15.H.J.Völk, in High Energy Astrophysics, Proc. 19th Recontre de Moriond, (ed. Tran Than Van, Editions Fontrieres, 1984 )Google Scholar
- 16.R.D.Blandford and D.Eichler, Phys. Repts., 154, 1 (1987).ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 17.E.G.Berezhko and G.F.Krymsky, Usp. Fiz. Nauk., 154, 49 (1988).ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 18.F.C.Jones and D.C.Ellison, Space Sci. Rev., 58, 259 (1991).ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 19.E.N.Parker, Planet and Space Sci., 13, 9 (1965).ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 20.L.J.Gleeson and W.I.Axford, Ap.J.Lett., 149, (1967).Google Scholar
- 21.R.D.Blandford and D.G.Payne, M.N.R.A.S. 194, 1033 (1980).ADSGoogle Scholar
- 22.W.I.Axford, Proc. IAU Symp. on the Origin of Cosmic Rays, (Eds. G.Setti et al. 1980 ).Google Scholar
- 23.R.D.Blandford and J.P.Ostriker, Ap.J.Lett., 221, L29 (1978).ADSCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 24.See articles 16, 17 and 18 by Paul J. Wiita; K.Menou, E. Quataert &. Narayan; and Ajit K.Kembhavi, in this volume.Google Scholar