Breeding Methodologies for the Improvement of Grain Legumes

  • Paolo Ranalli
Chapter
Part of the Focus on Biotechnology book series (FOBI, volume 10A)

Abstract

This review focuses on selection criteria and breeding methods used with grain legumes. The production of these crops has remained stagnant over time and research strategies which lead to the development of improved cultivars is urgently needed. The variables in the choice of breeding methods have been considered and selection targets have been pointed out. These include the improvement of plant architecture, nitrogen fixation (selection of plant host, inoculant strains and rhizobia by cultivar interaction), seed yield (quantitative, qualitative and stability) and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Breeders must work within these specific constraints and a three-tiered pyramidal breeding strategy is proposed to facilitate yield improvement. Breeding of elite and agronomically valuable germplasm within the same market class is restricted to the apex of the pyramid. The intermediate level has fewer constraints and greater access to diverse germplasm. Interracial crosses within the same gene pool are utilized to exploit genetic differences within adapted material. Utilization of genetic diversity from unadapted sources, including wild germplasm, is conducted at the base of the pyramid. The objective of this breeding strategy is the movement towards the apex, using different breeding procedures to optimize improvement at each tier of the breeding pyramid. The implementation of conventional selection procedures with innovative methods (namely nucleic-acid based techniques) should considerably accelerate the breeding process (marker-assisted selection, MAS). The MAS would be more efficient provided there is tight linkage between the marker and the trait of interest and assuming selection for the marker is more convenient (faster, cheaper, reproducible, early expression). Selection based on the marker is widely used in soybean and Phaseolus; in the future these procedures will be able to penetrate plant breeding of other grain legumes. This approach would be of particular interest in the selection for disease resistance (disease diagnosis, pathogen identification, and screening methods), a basic prerequisite for improving and stabilizing the yield of grain legumes.

Keywords

Quantitative Trait Locus Common Bean Seed Yield Growth Habit Faba Bean 
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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2003

Authors and Affiliations

  • Paolo Ranalli
    • 1
  1. 1.Istituto Sperimentale per le Colture IndustrialiBolognaItaly

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