Endofullerenes pp 121-131 | Cite as
Trimetallic Nitride Template (TNT) Endohedral Metallofullerenes
Chapter
Abstract
In this chapter, we review the preparation, separation, and characterization of a new family of trimetallic nitride template (TNT) endohedral metallofullerenes AnB3−nN@C2x (n = 0–3, x = 34, 39, and 40) where A and B are metals (Group III and rare earths) that are formed in relatively high yields. The archetypal representative of this new class is the stable endohedral metallofullerene, Sc3N@C80 containing a triscandium nitride cluster encapsulated in an icosahedron (Ih), C80 cage. Other prominent TNT members are Sc3N@C68 and Sc3N@C78. The former Sc3N@C68 molecule represents an exception to the well known isolated pentagon rule (IPR).
Key words
endohderal metallofullerene trimetallic nitride template scandium yttrium lanthanum erbium holomium gadolinium thulium ytterbium mass spectroscopy NMR chromatography X-ray crystallography isolated pentagon rulePreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
- 1.S. Shinohara, Rep. Prog. Phys. 63, 843–892 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 2.S. Nagase, K. Kobayashi, and T. Akasaka, in The Chemistry and Physics of Fullerenes and Related Materials, K. M. Kadish and R. S. Ruoff, Ed., The Electrochemical Society, Inc., Pennington, 1995, pp. 747–776.Google Scholar
- 3.S. Nagase, K. Kobayashi, and T. Akasaka, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 69, 2131–2142 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 4.Krätschmer, W., Fostiropoulos, K., and Huffman, D. R., Chem. Phys. Lett. 1990, 170, 167–170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 5.S. Stevenson, G. Rice, T. Glass, K. Harich, F. Cromer, M. R. Jordan, J. Craft, E. Hajdu, R. Bible, M. M. Olmstead, K. Maitra, A. J. Fischer, A. L. Balch, and H. C. Dorn, Nature 401, 55 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 6.M. M. Olmstead, A. de Bettencourt-Dias, J. C. Duchamp, S. Stevenson, H. C. Dorn, and A. L. Balch, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 12220–12226 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 7.S. Stevenson, P. W. Fowler, T. Heine, J. C. Duchamp, G. Rice, T. Glass, K. Harich, E. Hajdu, R. Bible, and H. C. Dorn, Nature 408, 427–428 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 8.M. H. Olmstead, A. de Bettencourt-Dias, J. C. Duchamp, S. Stevenson, D. Marciu, H.C. Dorn, and A. L. Balch, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 40, 1223–1227 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 9.H. C. Dorn, S. Stevenson, J. Craft, F. Cromer, J. C. Duchamp G. Rice, T. Glass, K. Harich, P. W. Fowler, T. Heine, E. Hajdu, R. Bible, M. M. Olmstead, K. Maitra, A. J. Fischer, and A. L. Balch, Proc. IWEPNM2000 Conf. (Kirchberg, Austria), 135 (2000).Google Scholar
- 10.E. B. Iezzi, F. Cromer, and H. C. Dorn, Chem. Commun. submitted (2001).Google Scholar
- 11.A. Thess, R. Lee, P. Nikolaev, H. Dai, P. Petit, J. Robert, C. Xu, Y. H. Lee, S. G. Kim, A. G. Rinzler, D. T. Colbert, G. E. Scuseria, D. Tomanek, J. E. Fischer, and R. E. Smalley, Science, 273–483 (1996).Google Scholar
- 12.The relative yields for the Group III and representative rare-earths were obtained from graphite rods separately packed with a mixture consisting of a given metal oxide (A2O3), scandium oxide (Sc2O3), cobalt oxide CoO, and powdered graphite. In all cases, the rods contained 2% of scandium metal (by mass) and 3% metal A. For example, for the Sc/Y data the rods contained Y2O3 (1189 mg) Sc2O3 (484 mg) CoO (180 mg) and C graphite (1000 mg). The packed rods were subsequently vaporized in a Krätschmer-Huffman generator. The NI-DCI mass spectra for the carbon disulfide soluble extract was obtained and the yields were referenced relative to Sc3@C84 (Figure 2) or Sc3N@C68 (Figure 3).Google Scholar
- 13.T. Akasaka et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 36, 1643–1645 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 14.H. Huang and S. J. Yang, Phys. Chem. 101, 10196 (1998).Google Scholar
- 15.D. Sun, Z. Liu, X. Guo, W. Xu, and S. Lin, J. Phys. Chem. B 101, 3927 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 16.P. Strange, A. Suane, W. W. Temmeuman, Z. Szotet, and H. Winter, Nature 399, 756 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 17.K. Kobayashi and S. Nagase, Chem. Phys. Lett. 262, 227–232 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 18.K. Kobayashi, S. Nagase, and T. Akasaka, Chem. Phys. Lett. 261, 502–506 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 19.K. Kobayashi and S. Nagase, Chem. Phys. Lett. 282, 325 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 20.M. Takata, E. Nishibori, B. Umeda, M. Saketa, E. Yamatoto, and H. Shinohara, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 330 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 21.M. Takata, E. Nishibori, M. Sakata, M. Inakuma, E. Yamamoto, and H. Shinohara, Physical Review Letters 83, 2214 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 22.A. L. Balch and M. M. Olmstead, Chem. Rev. 98, 2123 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 23.A. Aihara, Chem. Phys. Lett. 343, 465–469 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 24.C. R. Wang T. Kai, T. Tomiyama, T. Yoshida, Y. Kobayashi, E. Nishibori, M. Takata, M. Sakata, and H. Shinohara, Nature 408, 426–427 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 25.R. M. MacFarlane, D. S. Bethune, S. Stevenson, and H. C. Dorn, Chem. Phys. Lett. 343, 229–234 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 26.P. Jakes and K. P. Dinse, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123, 8854 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 27.K. Kobayashi, Y. Sano, and S. Nagase, J. of Computational Chemistry 22, 1353 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Copyright information
© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2002