Photovoltaic Applications

  • M. T. Rispens
  • J. C. Hummelen
Chapter
Part of the Developments in Fullerene Science book series (DFUL, volume 4)

Abstract

And then there was light. Since the beginning of time man has harvested the energy of the sun in a secondary manner, for instance by growing crops or by burning wood or fossil fuels. More recently, more direct ways of attaining solar energy conversion have evolved. Direct conversion of solar irradiative power into electrical power using the photovoltaic effect constitutes a clean and sustainable source of energy. Already in 1839, Bequerel discovered the photovoltaic effect while irradiating one of two platinum or gold electrodes, immersed in silver halide solutions [1]. The first usable solar cell, based on monocrystalline silicon, was reported in 1954 [2]. While at present silicon-based solar cells are still most important, commercially, a plethora of photovoltaic (PV) devices is being investigated (and some of them developed for commercial application). Apart from silicon, several inorganic semiconductor materials (especially GaAs, CdTe, Copper-Indium-diselenide (CIS)) are being applied as PV active materials. Concurrently, organic molecules and materials are being investigated as potential PV active layer constituents. A driving force is the notion that organic thin-film PV devices offer intriguing new possibilities, in combination with the existence of cheap technology, developed for other kinds of ‘plastic’ thin-film applications.

Keywords

Fill Factor Power Conversion Efficiency Fullerene Derivative Photoinduced Electron Transfer Bulk Heterojunction 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2002

Authors and Affiliations

  • M. T. Rispens
    • 1
  • J. C. Hummelen
    • 1
  1. 1.Stratingh Institute and MSCUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands

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