Galileo and the ‘Invention’ of Opera pp 187-213 | Cite as
Baroque Twins: Science and Opera: The Fin Lieto of the Baroque Formulation of Consciousness
Abstract
Like other works of the period, Monteverdi’s Favola d’Orfeo is also called a “tragedia.”1 But unlike other works of this period it does not rub in this fact by opening with a Prologue sung by “tragedia.” Still, the inventors of opera, like their contemporary playwrights, certainly believed they had revived or even reinvented Greek tragedy, and perhaps with good reason.2 Of course, even though the plots of operas were drawn from the still well-stocked shelves of ancient tragedy, like other works of the theatre they were often tempered with an apotheosis comprising a fin lieto. Perhaps the most generalizable and favorable judgment about the revival and reinvention would be that of Schrade who insists that the term, “tragedia,” would now seem to denote a characteristic of the “human condition” rather than works comprising a literary genre.3 Or we might even say that the “human condition” has itself become a new literary genre. Auden’s caveat is worth repeating here because it expresses Schrade’s point in yet another way: “in a sense, there can be no tragic opera because whatever errors the characters make and whatever they suffer, they are doing exactly what they wish. Hence the feeling that opera seria should not employ a contemporary subject, but confine itself to mythical <slc. fabled or fabulous> situations, that is, situations which, as human beings, we are all of us necessarily in and must, therefore, accept, however tragic they may be.”4
Keywords
Rectilinear Motion Ordinary Experience Literary Genre Greek Tragedy Center OfthePreview
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References
- 1.See above, pp. 96f.Google Scholar
- 2.See especially Hanning, Of Poetry and Music’s Power, pp. 136ff., and 174ff., who finds the treatment of the chorus quite similar to that of the Greeks, a treatment that persisted even into the works of Handel; see Reinhard Strom, Essays on Handel and Italian Opera, pp. 233ff.; Tomlinson, Monteverdi, pp. 136ff.Google Scholar
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- 61.Drummond, p. 126 ingeniously represents this as a circle; see his figure 10.Google Scholar
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- 77.The first time I heard the song, or a version of it, was on an old Berliner Gramophone record, made in 1898, and narrated by one John Morton (of Morton and Burgess minstrels), no. 152 (matrix 1037X), and which recently has been dubbed onto a compact disc produced by Symposium Records (no. 1058).Google Scholar
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- 82.The analytic, ontological and historical problems are thoroughly discussed by Goehr, The Imaginary Museum of Musical Works, Chapters 1 and 2; by Peter Kivy, Sound and Semblance. Reflections on Musical Representation, Chapters 1 and 6.Google Scholar
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- 87.See above, pp. 94f., 163f..And what, after all, can be a more disenchanted window than the computer screen?Google Scholar
- 88.I am certainly not suggesting here that computers, and “virtual reality,” are in any way necessarily the best way of serving the resources and possibilities of scientists, writers, composers, artists that existed in their lifetime, or that they are the only way to make them comprehensible to us today. I do not believe that they are, or can be. See Robert Hughes, “Take this Revolution,” Time, Spring, 1995, p. 77 (speaking of Titian rather than Alberti: “but how many people will realize that the only way to know Titian is to study the actual, unedited physical works of his hands, in real space, not cyberspace?”) See also Fred Kersten, Phenomenological Method: Theory and Practice, §§9, 33.Google Scholar
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