Hormonal Regulation of Root Development Under Water Stress
Abstract
Root growth studies have been receiving greater attention in recent years than before. In the early years, detailed studies on the physiology of above-the-ground parts were carried out, whereas the investigations on root development received scant attention. However, with the advent of growth chamber facilities with controlled environmental conditions and clear understanding of the multifarious roles of the root in plant’s life, extensive investigations have been launched during the last two decades in different laboratories around the world. Besides its essential role in the absorption of water and nutrients, the root also performs the main function of synthesising growth hormones and of facilitating their translocation, like water and mineral nutrients, to the shoot. Thus, shoot development is greatly influenced by the supply from roots.
Keywords
Gibberellic Acid Adventitious Root Ethylene Production Root Formation Leaf Water PotentialPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literature Cited
- Aharoni, N. 1978. Relationship between leaf water status and endogenous ethylene in detached leaves. Plant Physiol., 61: 658–662.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Andersen, A. S. 1975. Ethylene and root initiation in cuttings. Proc. 2nd. Int. Symp. Plant Growth Regulators, Sofia. pp 524–530.Google Scholar
- Basu, R. N., B. N. Roy. and Bos, T. K. 1970. Interaction of abscisic acid and auxin in rooting of cuttings. Plant and Cell Physiology., 11: 681–684.Google Scholar
- Batten, D. J. and M. G. Mullins. 1978. Ethylene and adventitious root formation in hypocotyl segments of etiolated mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) seedlings. Planta, 138: 193–197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Biran, I. and A. H. Halevy, 1973. Stock plant shading and rooting of Dahlia cuttings. Sci. Hortic., 1: 125–131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Boe, A. A., R. R. Steward and T. J. Banko. 1972. Effects of growth regulators on root and shoot development of Sedum leaf cuttings. Hortic. Sci., 74: 404-405.Google Scholar
- Butcher, D. N. 1963. The presence of gibberellins in excised tomato roots. J. Exp. Bot., 14: 272–280.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Carr, D. J., D. M. Reid. and K. G. M. Skene. 1964. The supply of gibberellins from root to shoot. Planta., 63: 382–392.Google Scholar
- Carr, D. J. and D. M. Reid. 1968. In: Biochemistry and Physiology of Growth Substances. Wightman, F. and G. Setterfield (eds.), Ottawa, Canada. Runge. pp. 1169–1185.Google Scholar
- Chadwick, A. V. and S. P. Burg. 1967. An explanation of the inhibition of root growth caused by indole-3-acetic acid. Plant Physiol., 42: 415–420.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Chin. T. Y., M. M. Meyer. and L. Beevers. 1969. Abscisic acid stimulated rooting of stem cuttings. Planta. 88: 192–196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Coleman, W. K. and R. I. Greyson. 1977. Promotion of root initiation by gibberellic acid in leaf discs of tomato (Lycopersion esculentum) culture in vitro. New Phytol., 78: 47–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Cummins, J. N. and P. Fiorino. 1969. Pre-harvest defoliation of apple nursery stock using ethrel. Hort. Sci., 4: 339.Google Scholar
- Eliasson, L. 1978. Effects of nutrients and light on growth and root formation in Pisum sativum cuttings. Physiol. Plant., 43: 13-18.Google Scholar
- Eriksen, E. N. 1971. Promoting of root initiation by gibberellin. Royal Vet. 0026 Agric. Univ. Year Book, Copenhagen. pp 50–59.Google Scholar
- Erikson, E. N. 1974. Root formation in Pea cuttings. III. The influence of cytokinin at different developmental stages. Physiol. Plant., 30: 163–167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Eriksen, E. N. and S. Mohammed. 1974. Root formation in Pea cuttings. H. The influence of indole-3-acetic acid at different developmental stages. Physiol. Plant., 30: 166–170.Google Scholar
- Evans, H. 1952. Physiological aspects of the propagation of Cacao from cuttings. In: Proc. 13th Int. Hortic. Congr., 2: 1179–1190.Google Scholar
- Fischer, P. and J. Hansen. 1977. Rooting of Chrysanthemum cuttings. Influence of irradiance during stock plant growth and of decapitation and disbudding of cuttings. Sci. Hortic., 7: 171–178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Fries, D., Th. Gaspar. and R. Verbeek. 1971. Abscisic acid in the inhibitor-ß-fraction of the lentil root. Tentative identification and properties Ann. Physiol. Veg. Univ. Bruxelles., 41: 27–37.Google Scholar
- Glinka, Z. and Reinhold, L. 1971. Abscisic acid raises the permeability of plant cells to water. Plant Physiol., 48: 103–105.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Greenwood, M. S., J. R. Hillman, S. Shaw and W. B. Wilkins. 1973.Google Scholar
- Localization and identification of auxin in roots of Zea mays. Planta,109: 369–374.Google Scholar
- Haissig, B. E. 1970. Influence of indole-3-acetic acid on adventitious root primordia of brittle willow. Planta, 95: 27–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Hall, S. M. and G. C. Medlow. 1974. Identification of IAA in phloem and root pressure sap of Ricinus communis L. by mass spectrometry. Planta, 119: 257–261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Hansen, J. and E. N. Eriksen. 1974. Root formation of Pea cuttings in relation to the irradiance of the stock plants. Physiol. Plant., 32: 170–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Hansen, J. 1975. Light-dependent promotion and inhibition of adventitious root formation by gibberellic acid. Planta. 123: 203–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Hansen, J. 1976. Adventitious root formation induced by gibberellic acid and regulated by the irradiance to the stock plants. Physiol. Plant., 36: 77–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Hartman, H. T. and D. E. Kester. 1975. Plant Propagation. 211–270. Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
- Heide, O. M. 1965. Interaction of temperature, auxin and kinins in the regeneration ability of Begonia leaf cuttings. Physiol. Plant., 18: 891–920.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Hess, C. E. and W. E. Snyder. 1955. A physiological comparison of the use of mist with other propagation procedures used in rooting of cuttings. Rpt. 14th Int. Hort. Congr., 1133–1139.Google Scholar
- Humphries, E. C. 1960. Inhibition of root development on petioles and hypocotyles of dwarf bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) by kinetin. Physiol. Plant. 13: 159–163.Google Scholar
- Itai, C. and Y. Vaadia. 1965. Kinetin-like activity in root exudate of water-stressed sunflower plants. Physiol. Plant., 18: 941–944.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Khan, A. R., A. S. Andersen. and J. Hansen. 1977. Morphactin and adventitious root formation in pea cuttings. Physiol. Plant., 39: 97–100.Google Scholar
- Kender, W. J., I. V. Hall., L. E. Alders and F. R. Forsyth. 1969. Stimulation of rhizome and shoot growth of the lowbush blueberry by 2-Chloroethane phosphonic acid. Can. J. Plant Sci., 49: 95–96.Google Scholar
- Krishnamurthy, H. N. 1971. Promotion of rooting in mung bean cutting with ethrel, an ethylene-releasing compound. Plant and Cell Physiol., 11: 979–982.Google Scholar
- Kundu. K. K. and L. J. Audus. 1974. Root growth inhibitors from root tips of Zea mays L. Planta, 117: 183–186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Lenton, J. R., M. R. Bowen. and P. F. Saunders. 1968. Detection of abscisic acid in the xylem sap of Willow (Salix viminalis) by gas liquid chromatography. Nature, 220: 86–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Loach, K. 1977. Leaf water potential and the rooting of cuttings under mist and polythene. Physiol. Plant., 40: 191–197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Lovell, P. H. and K. Moore. 1969. The effect of light and cotyledon age on growth and root formation in excised cotyledons of Sinapis alba L. Planta, 85: 351–358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Lovell, P. H., A. Cobb. and K. G. Moore. 1971. The control of root initiation and development in detached cotyledons of Sinapis alba L. and Raphanus sativus L. Ann. Bot., 35: 501–509.Google Scholar
- Mohammad, S. and E. N. Eriksen. 1974. Root formation in Pea cuttings IV. Further studies on the influence of indole-3-acetic acid at different developmental stages. Physiol. Plant., 32: 94–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Mothes, K. and Engelbrecht, L. 1956. Flora. 143: 421–472.Google Scholar
- Murakami, Y. 1960. The occurence of gibberellin-like substances in cereal grasses. Bot. Mag., 73: 186–190.Google Scholar
- Nanda, K. K., V. K. Anand and R. N. Chibbar. 1972. The promotive effect of gibberellic acid on the production of adventitious roots on stem cuttings of Ipomea fistulosa. Planta, 105: 360–363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Nell, T. A. 1971. The effect of several growth regulators on rooting of three Azalea cultivars. Hort. Sci., 6: 275–276.Google Scholar
- Phillips, I. D. J. and R. L. Jones. 1964. Gibberellin-like activity in bleeding sap of root system of Helianthus annuus detected by a new dwarf pea epicotyl assay and other methods. Planta, 63: 269–278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Phillips, D. A. and C. F. Cleland. 1972. Planta, 102: 173–178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Poulsen, A. and A. S. Andersen. 1980. Propagation of Hedera helix: nfluence of irradiance to stock plants, length of internode and topophysis of cutting. Physiol. Plant., 49: 359–365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Radley, M. 1961. Gibberellin-like substances in plants. Nature, 191: 684–685.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Rajagopal, V., M. R. K. Rao. and I. M. Rao. 1971. Influence of indole acetic acid and abscisic acid on the rooting of tomato shoot cuttings. Indian J. Plant Physiol., 14: 91–96.Google Scholar
- Rajagopal, V. and A. S. Andersen. 1980a. Water stress and root formation in pea cuttings. I. Influence of the degree and duration of water stress on stock plants grown under two levels of irradiance. Physiol. Plant., 48: 144–149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Rajagopal, V. and A. S. Andersen. 1980b. Water stress and root formation in pea cuttings. III. Changes in the endogenous level of abscisic acid and ethylene production in the stock plants under two levels of irradiance. Physiol. Plant., 48: 155–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Rasmussen, S. and A. S. Andersen. 1980. Water stress and root formation in pea cuttings. II. Effect of abscisic acid treatment of cuttings from stock plants grown under two levels of irradiance. Physiol. Plant., 48: 150–154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Read, P. E. and V. Hoysler. 1971. Improving rooting of carnations and poinsettias with succinic acid 2, 2-dimethylhydrazide. Hort. Sci., 6: 350–351.Google Scholar
- Read, P. E. and V. Hoysler. 1969. The effect of several growth regulating chemicals on the rooting of cuttings of ornamental species. Hort. Sci., 4 171Google Scholar
- Rivier, L. and P. E. Pilet. 1974. Indolyl-3-acetic acid in sap and apex of maiz roots: identification and quantification by mass fragmentography. Planta., 120: 107–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Roy, N. N., R. N. Baser. and T. K. Bose. 1972. Interaction of auxin with growth retarding, -inhibiting and ethylene production chemicals in rooting of cuttings. Plant and Cell Physiol., 13: 1123–1127.Google Scholar
- Thimann, K. V. and J. B. Koefli. 1935. Identity of the growth-promoting and root-forming substances of plants. Nature, 135: 101–102.Google Scholar
- Tietz, A. 1971. Nachweis von Abscisinsaure in wurzeln. Planta, 96: 93–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Torrey, J. G. and D. T. Clarkson. 1975. Development and function of roots. Acad. Press, London. pp 618.Google Scholar
- Torrey, J. G. 1976. Root hormones and plant growth. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 27: 435–459.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Varga, M. and E. C. Humphries. 1974. Root formation on petiols of detached primary leaves of dwarf bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) pretreated with gibberellic acid, triiodobenzoic acid and cytokinins. Ann. Bot. 39: 803.Google Scholar
- Veierskov, B. 1978. A relationship between length of basis and adventitious root formation in pea cuttings. Physiol. Plant. 42: 146–150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Waxman, S. 1965. Propagation of bluberries under fluroscent light at various intensities. In: Plant Propagation Soc. Comb. Proc., 15: 154–158.Google Scholar
- Went, F. 1929. On a substance causing root formation. Proc. Kon. Ned. Arad. Wet., 32: 35–39.Google Scholar
- Wright, S. T. C. and R. W. P. Hiron. 1969. (+)-Abscisic acid, the growth inhibitor, induced in detached wheat leaves by a period of wilting. Nature, 224: 719–720.CrossRefGoogle Scholar