The use of stoichiometric relations for the description and analysis of microbial cultures
Chapter
Abstract
A general method is described, which enables the derivation of predictive fermentation equations for any microbiological process. The method combines the well-known achievements of the elemental balance approach with microscopic, metabolic balances and biochemical restrictions, using the key intermediates concept. Special attention is paid to the distinction between independent and dependent flow variables of a system. The method is fully illustrated for the very simple example of heterotrophic growth on a single substrate without product formation. Other examples include growth on mixed substrates and the description of catabolic and anabolic product formation.
Key words
elemental balance metabolic balance yieldPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
- Aiba S & Matsuoka M (1979) Identification of metabolic model: citrate production from glucose by Candida lipolytica. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 21: 1373–1386CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Babel W & Müller RH (1985a) Correlation between cell composition and carbon conversion efficiency. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 22: 201–207CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Babel W & Müller RH (1985b) Mixed substrate utilization in microorganisms: biochemical aspects and energetics. J. Gen. Microbiol. 131: 39–45Google Scholar
- Babel W (1986) Increase and limits of growth yields for heterotrophic microorganisms. Acta Biotechnol. 6: 305–309CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Bauchop T & Elsden SR (1960) J. Gen. Microbiol. 23: 457–479PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Bonnet JABAF, De Kok HE & Roels JA (1980) The growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CBS 426 on mixtures of glucose and ethanol: a model. A. van Leeuwenhoek 46: 565–576CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Bonnet JABAF, Koellman CJW, Dekkers-De Kok HE & Rods JA (1984) The growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CBS 426 on mixtures of glucose and succinic acid: a model. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 26: 269–272PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Bronson R (1989) Theory and problems of matrix operations. Schaum’s Outline Series. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New YorkGoogle Scholar
- De Vries S & Grivell LA (1988) Purification and characterization of a rotenone-insensitive NADH: Q6 oxidoreductase from mitochondria of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Eur. J. Biochem. 176: 377–384PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Erickson LE, Minkevich IG, Eroshin VK (1978) Application of mass and energy balance regularities in fermentation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 20: 1595–1621CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Erickson LE (1979) Energetic efficiency of biomass and product formation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 21: 725–743CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Geurts TGE, De Kok HE & Rods JA (1980) A quantitative description of the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CBS 436 on a mixed substrate of glucose and ethanol. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 22: 2031–2043CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Gommers PJF, Van Schie BJ, Van Dijken JP & Kuenen JG (1988) Biochemical limits to microbial growth yields: an analysis of mixed substrate utilization. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 32: 86–94CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Humphrey AE (1974) Current developments in fermentation. Chem. Eng. 81(26): 98–112Google Scholar
- Minkevich IG & Eroshin VK (1973) Productivity and heat generation of fermentation under oxygen limitation. Folia. Microbiol. 18: 376–386CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Minkevich IG (1983) Mass-energy balance for microbial product synthesis - biochemical and cultural aspects. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 25: 1267–1293PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Minkevich IG (1985) Estimation of available efficiency of microbial growth on methanol and ethanol. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 27: 792–799PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Müller RH, Sysoev OV & Babel W (1986) Use of formate gradients for improving biomass yield of Pichia pinus growing continuously on methanol. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 25: 238–244CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Niranjan SC & San K-Y (1989) Analysis of a framework using material balances in metabolic pathways to elucidate cellular metabolism. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 34: 496–501CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Oner MD, Erickson LE & Yang SS (1983) Estimation of true growth and product yields in aerobic cultures. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 25: 631–646CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Oura E (1972) The effects of aeration on the energetics and biochemical composition of baker’s yeast. PhD thesis, University of HelsinkiGoogle Scholar
- Papoutsakis ET (1984) Equations and calculations for fermentations of butyric acid bacteria. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 26: 174–187PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Papoutsakis ET & Meyer CL (1985a) Equations and calculations of product yields and preferred pathways for butanediol and mixed-acid fermentations. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 27: 50–66CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Papoutsakis ET & Meyer CL (1985b) Fermentation equations for propionic acid bacteria and production of assorted oxychemicals from various sugars. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 25: 76–80Google Scholar
- Pirt SJ (1965) The maintenance energy of bacteria in growing cultures. Proc. Roy. Soc. London, Ser. B 163: 224–231CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Rods JA (1980) Application of macroscopic principles to micro-bial metabolism. Biotechnol. Biocng. 22: 2457–2514Google Scholar
- Rods JA (1983) Energetics and kinetics in Biotechnology (p 117). Elsevier Biomedical Press, AmsterdamGoogle Scholar
- Solomon BO, Erickson LE, Hess JE & Yang SS (1982) Maximum likelihood estimation of growth yields. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 24: 633–649PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Solomon BO, Oner MD, Erickson LE & Yang SS (1984) Estimation of parameters where dependent observations are related by equality constraints. AIChE Journal 30: 747–757CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Stouthamer AH (1973) A theoretical study on the amount of ATP required for synthesis of microbial cell material. A. van Leeuwenhoek 39: 545–565CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Stouthamer AH & Bettenhaussen CW (1973) Utilization of energy for growth and maintenance in continuous and batch culture of micro-organisms. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 301: 53–70Google Scholar
- Stouthamer AH (1979) The search for correlation between theoretical and experimental growth yields. In: Quayle JR (Ed) Intern. Rev. Biochem., Vol 21, University Park Press, BaltimoreGoogle Scholar
- Stouthamer AH & Van Verseveld HW (1985) Stoichiometry of microbial growth. In: Bull AT & Dalton H (Eds) Comprehensive Biotechnology, Vol 1 (pp 215–238). Pergamon Press, OxfordGoogle Scholar
- Tempest DW & Neijssel OM (1984) The status of YATP and maintenance energy as biologically interpretable phenomena. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 38: 459–486CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Tsai SP & Lee YH (1988a) Application of metabolic pathway stoichiometry to statistical analysis of bioreactor measurement data. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 32: 713–715CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Tsai SP & Lee YH (1988b) Application of Gibbs’ rule and a simple pathway method to microbial stoichiometry. Biotechnol. Progr. 4: 82–88CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Tsai SP & Lee YH (1989) A criterion for selecting fermentation stoichiometry methods. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 33: 1347–1349PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Van Verseveld HW & Stouthamcr AH (1980) Two-(carbon) substrate-limited growth of Paracoccus denitrificans. A direct method to determine the P/O ratio in growing cells. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 7: 207–211CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Van Verseveld HW, De Hollander JA, Frankena J, Braster M, Leeuwerik FJ & Stouthamer AH (1986) Modelling of microbial substrate conversion, growth and product formation in a recycling fermentor. A. van Leeuwenhoek 52: 325–342CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Verhoff FH & Spradlin JE (1976) Mass and energy balance analysis of metabolic pathways applied to citric acid production by Aspergillus niger. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 18: 425–432CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Wang NS & Stephanopoulos G (1983) Application of macroscopic balances to the identification of gross measurement errors. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 25: 2177–2208PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Copyright information
© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 1992