Abstract
Liquid 3He, because of its lower atomic mass, has a larger zero-point energy (§1.5) than liquid 4He. In consequence, its atoms are more widely spaced, on average, so that the analogy with a gas is likely to be even better than in the case of liquid 4He. Unlike 4He, however, the 3He atom (2 protons, 1 neutron, 2 electrons) is composed of an uneven number of fundamental particles. It therefore possesses a resultant spin, of \(\tfrac{1}{2}\hbar\) The 3He atom is thus a fermion, with anti-symmetric wavefunction; and an assembly of 3He atoms is consequently subject to the Pauli exclusion principle in much the same way as, for example, electrons in atoms or the quasi-free electron gas in a normal metal.
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Mc McClintock, P.V.E., Meredith, D.J., Wigmore, J.K. (1992). Liquid helium-3 and 3He—4He solutions. In: Low-Temperature Physics: an introduction for scientists and engineers. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2276-4_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2276-4_6
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