Skip to main content

Animal Models of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

  • Chapter
Immunology of the Connective Tissue Diseases

Part of the book series: Immunology and Medicine Series ((IMME,volume 22))

Abstract

Since the aetiology and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases are not clear 1,2, it is evident that the pathogenesis of these diseases cannot readily be analysed without appropriate animal models. These models may help to define aetiology, determine pathogenesis,and design innovative therapies. Indeed, systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE), as well as other autoimmune diseases, has animal models. Not surprisingly, they vary considerably in the ‘closeness of fit’ to the human disease they are supposed to be mimicking. These models have been the subject of intense study for the last several years. Although our understanding of human autoimmune diseases has certainly been increased by insights gained from studies in animal models, it has become painfully clear that pathogenic mechanisms or therapeutic success observed in one strain may not operate and/or may fail in the others 3.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Shoenfeld Y. Autoimmune diseases: multiple factors involved in the etiology. Isr J Med Sci. 1988; 24: 351–352.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Shoenfeld Y, Mozes E. Pathogenic idiotypes of autoantibodies in autoimmunity: lesson from new experimental models of SLE. FASEB J. 1990; 4: 2646–2651.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Theofilopoulos AN, Dixon FJ. Murine models of systemic lupus erythematosus. Adv Immunol. 1985; 37: 269–390.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Bielschowsky M, Helyer BJ, Howie JB. Spontaneous anemia in mice of the NAB/B1 strain. Proc Unit Otago Med School. 1959; 37: 9–11.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Cantor H, McVay-Boudreau L, Hugenberger J, Naidorf J, Shen FW, Gershon RK. Immunoregulatory circuits among T-cell sets. II. Physiologic role of feedback inhibition in vivo absence in NZB mice. J Exp Med. 1978; 147: 1116–1125.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Gutierrez-Ramos JC, Andreu JL, Moreno De Alboran I, et al. Insights into autoimmunity: from classical models to current perspectives. Immunol Reviews. 1990; 118: 73–101.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Andrews BS, Eisenberg RS, Theofilopoulos AN, et al. Spontaneous murine lupus-like syndromes. Clinical and immunopathological manifestations in several strains. J Exp Med. 1978; 148: 1198–1215.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Cohen PL, Eisenberg RA. The 1pr and gld genes in systemic autoimmunity: life and death in the Fas lane. Immunol Today. 1992; 13: 427–428.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Manny N, Datta SK, Schwartz RS. Synthesis of IgM by cells of NZB and SWR mice and their crosses. J Immunol. 1979; 122: 1220–1222.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Gavalchin J, Seder RA, Datta SK. The NZB x SWR model of lupus nephritis. I. Cross-reactive idiotypes of monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies in relation to antigen specificity, charge, and allotype. Identification of interconnected idiotype families inherited from the normal SWR and the autoimmune NZB parents. J Immunol. 1987; 138: 128–137.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Gavalchin J, Datta SK. The NZB x SWR model of lupus nephritis. II. Autoantibodies deposited in renal lesions show a distinctive and restricted idiotypic diversity. J Immunol. 1987; 138: 138–148.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Lambert PH, Dixon FJ. Pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis of NZB/W mice. J Exp Med. 1968; 127: 507–522.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Izui S, McConahey PJ, Clark JP, Hang LM, Hara I, Dixon FJ. Retroviral gp70 immune complexes in NZBxNZW F1 mice with murine lupus nephritis. J Exp Med. 1981; 54: 517–528.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Izui S, McConahey PJ, Theofilopoulos AN, Dixon FJ. Association of circulating retroviral gp-70 anti-gp70 immune complexes with murine systemic lupus erythematosus. J Exp Med. 1979; 149: 1099–1116.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Ebling F, Hahn BH. Restricted subpopulations of DNA antibodies in kidneys of mice with systemic lupus. Arthritis Rheum. 1980; 23: 392–403.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Kalunian K, Panosian-Sahakian N, Ebling FM, Cohen AH, Louie JS, Kaine J, Hahn BH. Idiotypic characteristics of immunoglobulins associated with systemic lupus erythematosus: studies of antibodies deposited in glomeruli of humans. Arthritis Rheum. 1989; 32: 513–522.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Shoenfeld Y, Amital-Teplizki H, Mendlovic S, Blank M, Mozes E, Isenberg DA. The role of the human anti-DNA idiotype 16/6 in autoimmunity. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1989; 51: 313–325.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Raz E, Brezis M, Rosenmann E, Eilat D. Anti-DNA antibodies bind directly to renal antigens and induce kidney dysfunction in the isolated perfused rat kidney. J Immunol. 1989; 142: 3076–3082.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Accinni L, Dixon FJ. Degenerative vascular disease and myocardial infarction in mice with lupus-like syndrome. Am J Pathol. 1979; 96: 477–486.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Yoshida H, Fujiwara H, Fujiwara T, Ikehara S, Hamashima Y. Quantitative analysis of myocardial infarction in (NZW x BXSB) F1 hybrid mice with systemic lupus erythematosus and small coronary artery disease. Am J Pathol. 1987; 129: 477–485.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Howie JB, Helyer FJ. The immunology and pathology in NZB mice. Adv Immunol. 1968; 9: 215–225.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Hang L, Theofilopoulos AN, Dixon FJ. A spontaneous rheumatoid arthritis-like disease in MRL/1 mice. J Exp Med. 1982; 155: 1690–1701.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Nose M, Nishimura M, Kyogoku M. Analysis of granulomatous arteritis in MRL/Mp autoimmune disease mice bearing lymphoproliferative genes: the use of the mouse genetics to dissociate the development of arteritis and glomerulonephritis. Am J Pathol. 1989; 135: 271–280.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Gilkeson GS, Ruiz P, Grudier JP, Kurlander RJ, Pisetsky DS. Genetic control of inflammatory arthritis in congenic 1pr mice. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1989; 53: 460–474.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Akhnazarova VD, Vasil’eva F.G. Aleutian mink disease as an experimental model of systemic lupus erythematosus. Voprosy Revmatizma. 1981; 1: 46–52.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Monier JC. Lupus in the dog for a better understanding of human lupus. Pathologie Biologie. (Paris) 1981; 10: 255–258.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Steinberg AD, Reinertsen JL. Lupus in New Zealand mice and in dogs. Bull Rheum Dis. 1978; 28: 940–945.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Lewis RM, Schwartz RS. Canine systemic lupus erythematosus. Genetic analysis of an established breeding colony. J Exp Med. 1971; 134: 417–420.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Lewis RM, Schwartz RS, Gilmore CE. Autoimmune diseases in domestic animals. Part 1. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1965; 124: 178–200.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Roths JB, Murphy ED, Eichner EM. A new mutation, gld, that produces lymphoproliferation and autoimmunity in C3H/HeJ mice. J Exp Med. 1984; 159: 1–20.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Hashimoto Y, Yui K, Littman D, Greene MI. T-cell receptor genes in autoimmune mice: T-cell subsets have unexpected T-cell receptor gene programs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1987; 84: 5883–5887.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Yui K, Hashimoto Y, Greene MI. T cell receptors of autoimmune mice: Functional and molecular analysis of novel T cell subsets in C3H-gld/gld mice. Immunol Res. 1988; 7: 173–188.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Mountz JD, Mushinski JF, Steinberg AD. Differential gene expression in autoimmune mice. Sury Immunol Res. 1985; 4: 48–64.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Kimura M, Ogata Y, Shimada K, Moriyama T, Matsuzawa A. New mutant mice of autoimmunity, CBA/KIJms-1pr`g/lpr`g, that could link the 1pr and gld genes. Autoimmunity. 1991; 9: 359–361.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Kofler R, McConahey PJ, Duchosal MA, Balderas RS, Theofilopoulos AN, Dixon FJ. An autosomal recessive gene that delays expression of lupus in BXSB mice. J Immunol. 1991; 146: 1375–1379.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Chiang BL, Bearer E, Ansari A, Dorshkind K, Gershwin ME. The BM12 mutation and autoantibodies to dsDNA in NZB.H-2bm12 mice. J Immunol. 1990; 145: 94–101.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Erikson J, Radic MZ, Campe SA, Hardy RR, Carmack C, Weigaert M. Expression of anti-DNA immunoglobulin transgenes in non-autoimmune mice. Nature. 1991; 349: 331–334.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Buskila D, Shoenfeld Y. Anti-DNA idiotypes: their pathogenic role in autoimmunity. In: Cruse JM, Lewis RE, jr., eds. Clinical and Molecular Aspects of Autoimmune Diseases. Concepts Immunopathol. Vol 8. Basel: Karger; 1992: 85–113.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Shoenfeld Y, Isenberg DA. The Mosaic of Autoimmunity. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1989: 1–540.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Mendlovic S, Brocke S, Shoenfeld Y, Ben-Bassat M, Meshorer A, Bakimer R, Mozes E. Induction of a SLE-like disease in mice by a common anti-DNA idiotype. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1988; 85: 2260–2264.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Mozes E, Shoenfeld Y, Brocke S, Mendlovic S. Induction of experimental systemic lupus erythematosus in mice. Isr J Med Sci. 1988; 24: 741–744.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Blank M, Mendlovic S, Mozes E, Shoenfeld Y. Induction of SLE-like disease in naive mice with a monoclonal anti-DNA antibody derived from a patient with polymyositis carrying the 16/6 Id. J Autoimmun. 1988; 1: 683–691.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Mendlovic S, Fricke H, Shoenfeld Y, Mozes E. The role of anti-idiotype antibodies in the induction of experimental SLE. Eur J Immunol. 1989; 19: 729–735.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Isenberg DA, Katz DR, Le Page S. Independent analysis of the 16/6 idiotype lupus model: a role for an environmental factor? J Immunol. 1991; 147: 4172–4177.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Knight B, Katz DR, Isenberg DA, Ibrahim MA, Le Page S, Hutchings P, Schwartz RS, Cooke A. Induction of adjuvent arthritis in mice. Clin Exp Immunol. 1992; 90: 459–465.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Rombach E, Stetler DA, Brown JC. Rabbits produce SLE-like anti-RNA polymerase I and anti-DNA autoantibodies in response to immunization with either human or murine SLE anti-DNA antibodies. Autoimmunity. 1992; 13: 291–302.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Dang H, Laridis K, Talar N. Induction of autoantibodies in normal BALB/C mice by perturbation of the idiotype network. Arthritis Rheum. 1992; 35 (suppl): S155.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Fricke H, Mendlovic S, Blank M, Shoenfeld Y, Ben-Bassat M, Mozes E. Idiotype specific T cell lines inducing experimental SLE in mice. Immunology. 1991; 73: 421–427.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Shoenfeld Y, Wilner Y, Coates AR, Rauch J, Lavie G, Pinkhas J. Infection and autoimmunity: monoclonal anti-tuberculosis antibodies react with DNA autoantibodies bound to mycobacterial derived glycolipids. Clin Exp Immunol. 1986; 66: 255–261.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Blank M, Fricke H, Mozes E, Talal N, Coates ARM, Shoenfeld Y. The importance of the pathogenic 16/6 idiotype of anti-DNA antibodies in the induction of SLE in naive mice. Scand J Immunol. 1990; 31: 45–52.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Blank M, Mendlovic S, Mozes E, Coates ARM, Shoenfeld Y. Induction of systemic lupus erythematosus in naive mice with T-cell lines specific for human anti-DNA antibody SA-1 (16/6 Id+) and for mouse tuberculosis antibody TB-68 (16/6 Id+). Clin Immunol Immunopathol. (In press).

    Google Scholar 

  52. Elson CJ. Autoantibodies typical of SLE and graft-vs-host reactions. Immunol Today. 1982; 3: 181–182.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Gleichmann E, Van Elven EH, Vanden Veen JPW. A systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)like disease in mice induced by abnormal T-B cell cooperation. Preferential formation of autoantibodies characteristic of SLE. Eur J Immunol. 1982; 12: 152–159.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Portanova JP, Arndt RE, Lotzin BL. Selective production of autoantibodies in graft-vshost-induced and spontaneous murine lupus: predominant reactivity with histone regions accessible in chromatin. J Immunol. 1988; 140: 755–759.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Bruijn JA, Van Elven EH, Hogendoom PCW, Corver WE, Hoedemarker PJ, Fleuren GJ. Murine chronic graft-vs-host disease as a model for lupus nephritis. Am J Pathol. 1988; 130: 639.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Harris EN, Gharavi AE, Boey ML, Patel S, Mackworth-Young CG, Loizon S, Hughes GRV. Anticardiolipin antibodies: detection by radioimmuno-assay and association with thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lancet. 1983; 2: 1211–1214.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Harris EN, Gharavi AE, Hegde U, et al. Anticardiolipin antibodies in autoimmune thrombocytopenia purpura. Br J Haematol. 1985; 59: 231–234.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Hughes GRV, Harris EN, Gharavi AE. The anticardiolipin syndrome. J Rheumatol. 1986; 13: 486–489.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Harris EN, Gharavi AE, Hughes GRV. Anti-phospholipid antibodies. Clin Rheum Dis. 1985; 11: 591–609.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Alarcon-Segovia D, Sanchez-Guerrero J. Primary antiphospholipid syndrome. J Rheumatol. 1989; 16: 482–485.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Smith HR, Hansen CL, Rose R, Canoso RT. Autoimmune MRL-1pr/lpr mice are an animal model for the secondary antiphospholipid syndrome. J Rheumatol. 1990; 17: 911–915.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Branch DW, Rote NS, Dostal DA, Scott JR. Association of lupus anticoagulant with antibody against phosphatidyl serine. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1987; 42: 63–75.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Thiagarajan P, Shapiro SS, De Marco L. Monoclonal immunoglobulin M coagulation anticoagulant with phospholipid specificity. J Clin Invest. 1980; 66: 396–405.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Branch WD, Dudley DJ, Creighton KA, Abbott TM, Hammond EH, Daynes RA. Immunoglobulin G fractions from patients with antiphospholipid antibodies causes fetal death in BALB/c mice: A model for autoimmune fetal loss. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1990; 163: 210–216.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Blank M, Cohen J, Toder V, Shoenfeld Y. Induction of anti-phospholipid syndrome in naive mice with mouse lupus monoclonal and human polyclonal anticardiolipin antibodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1991; 88: 3069–3073.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Blank M, Krause I, Ben-Bassat M, Shoenfeld Y. Induction of experimental SLE associated with anti-phospholipid syndrome following immunization with human monoclonal pathogenic anti-DNA idiotype. J Autoimmunity. (In press).

    Google Scholar 

  67. Bakimer R, Fishman P, Blank M, Sredni B, Shoenfeld Y. Induction of primary antiphospholipid syndrome following immunization with human anti-cardiolipin (H-3). J ClinInvest. 1992; 89: 1558–1562.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Kleinman DM, Eisenberg RA, Steinberg AD. Development of the autoimmune B cell repertoire in MRL-1pr/lpr mice. J Immunol. 1990; 144: 506–511.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Caulfield MJ, Stanko D, Calkins C. Characterization of the spontaneous autoimmune (anti-erythrocyte) response in NZB mice using a pathogenic monoclonal autoantibody and its anti-idiotype. Immunology. 1989; 66: 233–237.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Shoenfeld Y. Experimental and induced animal models of systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjpgren’s syndrome. Current Opinion Rheumatol. 1989; 1: 360–368.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Mountz J. Animal models of systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjpgren’s syndrome. Current Opinion Rheumatol. 1990; 2: 740–748.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Mountz JD, Gause WC, Jonsson R. Murine models for systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjpgren’s syndrome. Current Opinion Rheumatol. 1991; 3: 738–756.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Cohen MG, Pollard KM, Schreiber L. Relationship of age and sex to autoantibody expression in MRL- +/+ and MRL-1pr/lpr mice: demonstration of an association between the expression of antibodies to histones, denatured DNA and Sm in MRL-+/+. Clin Exp Immunol. 1988; 72: 50–54.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Shorer EW, Pisetsky DS, Grudier J, Eisenberg RA, Cohen PL Immunization with the Sm nuclear antigen induces anti-Sm antibodies in normal and MRL mice. Immunology. 1988; 65: 473–478.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Kastner DL, Steinberg AD. Determinants of B-cell hyperactivity in murine lupus. Concepts Immunopathol. 1988; 6: 22–88.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Reininger L, Shibata T, Schurmans S, Merino R, Fossati L, Lacour M, Izui S. Spontaneous production of anti-mouse red blood cell antibodies is independent of the polyclonal activation in NZB mice. Eur J Immunol. 1990; 20: 2405–2410.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Brennan FM, Andrew EM, Williams DG, Maini RN. Anti-n RNP anti-nuclear antibody-secreting cells are represented in the lymphocyte-B repertoire of normal and MRL/Mplpr/lpr lupus mice. Immunology. 1988; 63: 213–218.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Casali P, Notkins A. CD5 B polyreactive antibodies and the human B cell repertoire. Immunol Today. 1989; 10: 364–368.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Raveche ES. Possible immunoregulatory role for CD5+ B cells. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1990; 56: 135–150.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Kocks C, Rajewsky K. Stable expression and somatic hypermutation of antibody regions in B-cell developmental pathways. Ann Rev Immunol. 1989; 7: 537–559.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Buskila D, Mackenzie L, Shoenfeld Y, Youinou P, Lydyard P. The biology of CD5 + cells. In: Shoenfeld Y, Isenberg DA, eds. Natural Autoantibodies: Their Physiological Role and Regulatory Significance. CRC Press Inc; 1992: 125–142.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Youinou P, Buskila D, Mackenzie I, Shoenfeld Y, Lydyard P. CD5-positive B-cells and diseases. In: Shoenfeld Y, Isenberg DA, eds. Natural Autoantibodies: Their Physiological Role and Regulatory Significance. CRC Press Inc; 1992: 143–145.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Mercolino TJ, Arnold LW, Hawkins LA, Haughton G. Normal mouse peritoneum contains a large population of Lyl + (CD5) B-cells that recognize phosphatidyl choline: relationship to cells that secrete hemolytic antibody specific for autologous erythrocytes. J Exp Med. 1988; 168: 687–698.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Manohar V, Brown E, Leiserson WM, Chused TM. Expression of Lyt-1 by a subset of B lymphocytes. J Immunol. 1982; 129: 532–538.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Hayakawa K, Hardy RR, Parks DR, Herzenberg LA. The Ly-1 B cell subpopulation in normal, immunodefective and autoimmune mice. J Exp Med. 1983; 157: 202–218.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Carmen M, Stall AM, Solovera JJ, Tarlington DM, Herzenberg LA, Strober S. Ly-1 B cells and disease activity in (NZB x NZW)F1 mice. Effect of total lymphoid irradiation. Arthritis Rheum. 1990; 33: 553–561.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Bailey NC, Fidanza V, Mayer R, Mazza G, Fougereau M, Bona C. Activation of clones producing self reactive antibodies by foreign antigens and anti-idiotype antibody carrying the internal image of the antigen. J Clin Invest. 1989; 84: 744–756.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Hayakawa K, Hardy RR, Herzenberg LA. Peritoneal Ly-1 B-cells. Genetic control, autoantibody production, increased lambda light chain expression. Eur J Immunol. 1986; 16: 450–456.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Green MC, Shultz LD. Motheaten, an immunodeficient mutant of the mouse. I-Genetic and pathology. J Hered. 1975; 66: 250–258.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Schultz LD, Coman DL, Bailey CL, Beamer WG, Sidman CL. Viable motheaten, a new allele at the motheaten locus. Am J Pathol. 1984; 116: 179–192.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Sidman CL, Shultz LD, Hardy RR, Hayakawa K, Herzenberg LA. Production of immunoglobulin isotypes by Ly-1+ B cells in viable motheaten and normal mice. Science. 1985; 232: 1423–1425.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Scher I. The CBA/N mouse strain. An experimental model illustrating the influence of the X chromosome on immunity. Adv Immunol. 1982; 33: 2–31.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Smith HR, Yaffe LJ, Chused TM, Reveche ES, Steinberg AD. Analysis of B cell subpopulations. I, Relationships among splenic Xid Lyl+ and Lyb5+ cells. Cell Immunol. 1985; 92: 190–196.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Taurog JP, Moutsopoulos HM, Rosenberg J, Chused TM, Steinberg AD. CBA/N X-linked B cell defect prevents NZB B cell hyperactivity in F1 mice. J Exp Med. 1979; 150: 31–43.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Dighiero G, Poncet P, Rouyre S, Mazie JC. Newborn Xid mice carry the genetic information for the production of natural autoantibodies against DNA, cytoskeletal proteins and TNP. J Immunol. 1986; 136: 4000–4005.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. De La Hera A, Marcos MA, Toribio ML, Marquez C, Caspar ML, Martinez C. Development of Ly-1 + B cells in immunodeficient CBA/N mice. J Exp Med. 1987; 166: 804–808.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Hiernaux JR, Goidl EA, Martin McEvoy SJ, Stashak PW, Baker PJ, Holmes KL. Characterization of the immunodeficiency of R111 S/J mice. I. Association with the CD5 B cell lineage. J Immunol. 1989; 142: 1813–1817.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Poncet P, Kocher HP, Pages J, Jaton JC, Bussard AE. Monoclonal autoantibodies against mouse red blood cells. A family of structurally restricted molecules. Molec Immunol. 1985; 22: 541–544.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Hutchings PR, Varey AM, Cooke A. Immunological defects in SJL mice. Immunology. 1986; 59: 445–450.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Raveche ES, Lalor P, Stall A, Conroy J. In vivo effects of hyperdiploid Ly 1 + B cells of NZB origin. J Immunol. 1988; 141: 4133–4139.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Nenazee DA, Studer S, Steinmetz M, Dembic Z, Kiefer M. The lymphoproliferating cells of MRL-1pr/lpr mice are a polyclonal population that bear the T lymphocyte receptor for antigen. Eur J Immunol. 1985; 15: 760–764.

    Google Scholar 

  102. Davidson WF, Dumont FJ, Bedigian HG, Fowlkes BJ, Morse HC III. Phenotypic, functional and molecular genetic comparisons of the abnormal lymphoid cells of C3Hlpr/lpr and C3H-gld/gld mice. J Immunol. 1986; 136: 4075–4078.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Morse HC III, Davidson WF, Yetter RA, Murphy ED, Roths JB, Coffman RB. Abnormalities induced by the mutant gene 1pr: expansion of a unique lymphocyte subset. J Immunol. 1982; 129: 2612–2615.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Wofsy D, Hardy RR, Seanan WE. The proliferating cells in autoimmune MRL/lpr mice lack L3T4 antigen on helper T cells that is involved in the response to class II major histocompatibility antigens. J Immunol. 1984; 132: 2686–2690.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Steinberg AD, Roths AD, Murphy ED, Steinberg RT, Raveche ES. Effects of thymectomy or androgen administration upon the autoimmune disease of MRL-1pr/lpr mice. J Immunol. 1980; 125: 871–874.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Hang L, Theofilopoulos AN, Balderas RS, Francis SJ, Dixon FJ. The effect of thymectomy on lupus-prone mice. J Immunol. 1984; 132: 1809–1812.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Theofilopoulos AN, Balderas RS, Shawler DL, Lee S, Dixon FJ. Influence of thymic genotype on the systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease and T cell proliferation of MRL/Mp-1pr/lpr mice. J Exp Med. 1981; 153: 1405–1410.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Theofilopoulos AN. Role of the thymus in murine lupus and cellular transfer of the disease. Arthritis Rheum. 1982; 25: 726–729.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Ikehara S, Good RA, Nakamura T, Sekita K, Inoue S, Oo M, Muso E, Ogawa K, Hamashima Y. Rationale for bone marrow transplantation in the treatment of autoimmune disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1985; 82: 2483–2485.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Matsumoto K, Yoshikai Y, Asano T, Himeno K, Iwasaki A, Nomoto K. Defect in negative selection in 1pr donor-derived T cells differentiating in non-lpr host thymus. J Exp Med. 1991; 173: 127–136.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Dixon FJ. Basic elements of murine systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol. 1987; 14(suppl 13): 3–10.

    Google Scholar 

  112. Adams S, Zordan T, Sainis K, Datta SK. T cell receptor V beta genes expressed by IgG anti-DNA autoantibody inducing T cells in lupus nephritis: forbidden receptors and double negative T cells. Eur J Immunol. 1990; 20: 1435–1443.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Magilavy DB, Rowley DA, Davis M. The liver of MRL/lpr mice contains defective accessory cells and a population of immunosuppressive lymphocytes. Cell Immunol. 1990; 125: 469–479.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Schiffenbauer J, McCarthy DM, Nygard NR, Woulfe SI, Didier DK, Schwartz BD. A unique sequence of the NZW I-E beta chain and its possible contribution to autoimmunity in the (NZB x NZW) F1 mouse. J Exp Med. 1989; 170: 971–984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Theofilopoulos AN, Kofler R, Singer PA, Noonan DJ, Dixon FJ. Genomic organization and expression of B and T cell antigen receptor genes in murine lupus. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 1987; 13: 511–530.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Dang H, Talal N. T-cell antigen receptor studies in mice expressing the 1pr genetic defect. Cell Immunol. 1988; 115: 393–402.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Davignon JL, Cohen PL, Eisenberg RA. Rapid T-cell receptor modulation accompanies lack of in vitro mitogenic responsiveness of double negative T cells to anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody in MRL/Mp-1pr/lpr mice. J Immunol. 1988; 141: 1848–1854.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Alcocer-Varela G, Alarcon-Segovia D. Decreased production of and response to IL-2 by cultured lymphocytes from patients with SLE. J Clin Invest. 1982; 63: 1388–1392.

    Google Scholar 

  119. Chathely G, Amor B, Fournier C. Defective IL-2 production in active rheumatoid arthritis regulation by radio sensitive suppressor cells. Clin Rheumatol. 1986; 5: 482–492.

    Google Scholar 

  120. Rosenberg YJ, Nurse F, Begley CG. IL-2 receptor expression in autoimmune MRL-1pr/lpr. The expanded L3T4, Lyt2- population does not express p75 and cannot generate functional high-affinity IL-2 receptors. J Immunol. 1989; 143: 2216–2222.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Gutierrez-Ramos JC, Pezzi I, Palacios R, Martinez AC. Expression of the p75 interleukin 2-binding protein on CD3+4–8-TAC- cells from autoimmune MRL-1pr/lpr mice. Eur J Immunol. 1980; 19: 201–204.

    Google Scholar 

  122. Blank M, Sredni B, Albeck N, Mozes E, Shoenfeld Y. The effect of the immunomodulator AS-101 on IL-2 production in SLE disease induced in mice by a pathogenic anti-DNA idiotype. Clin Exp Immunol. 1990; 49: 443–447.

    Google Scholar 

  123. Arend WP, Dayer JM. Cytokines and cytokine inhibitors or antagonists in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1990; 33: 305–315.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Hom JT, Cole H, Bendele AM. Interleukin 1 enhances the development of spontaneous arthritis in MRL/lpr mice. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1990; 55: 109–119.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Sakihama T, Akasu F, Iwamoto M, Shirakura-Shibata Y, Okada Y, Nakahma Y, Tasaka K. Polyclonal and monoclonal IgGs from MRL/Mp-1pr/lpr mice induce an interleukin 3-dependent cell line to produce interleukin-3 through an Fc gamma-receptor-mediated mechanism. Cell Immunol. 1990; 125: 160–170.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Iwamoto M, Akasu F, Sakihama T, Onaya T, Nakajima Y, Tasaka K. Serum IgG from an autoimmune prone mouse C3H/HeJ-gld/gld supports the interleukin-3-dependent cell line through an autocrine mechanism. Cell Immunol. 1990; 125: 151–159.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Klinman DM. IgG1 and IgG2a production by autoimmune B cells treated in vitro with IL-4 and IFN-gamma. J Immunol. 1990; 144: 2529–2534.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Umland SP, Go NF, Cupp JE, Howard M. Responses of B cells from autoimmune mice to IL-5. J Immunol. 1989; 142: 1528–1535.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Mihara M, Fukui H, Koishihara Y, Saito M, Ohsugi Y. Immunologic abnormality in NZB/W F1 mice: thymus-independent expansion of B cells responding to interleukin 6. Clin Exp Immunol. 1990; 82: 533–537.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Jacobs CO, Van Der Meide PH, McDevitt HO. In vivo treatment of (NZBxNZW) F1 lupus-like nephritis with monoclonal antibody to gamma interferon. J Exp Med. 1987; 166: 798–803.

    Google Scholar 

  131. Murray L, Martens C. The abnormal T lymphocytes in 1pr mice transcribe interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha genes spontaneously in vivo. Eur J Immunol. 1989; 19: 563–565.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Jacob CO, McDevitt HO. Tumor necrosis factor alpha in murine autoimmune `lupus’ nephritis. Nature. 1988; 335: 356–358.

    Google Scholar 

  133. Boswell JM, Yui MA, Burt DW, Kelley VE. Increased tumor necrosis factor and IL-1beta gene expression in the kidneys of mice with lupus nephritis. J Immunol. 1988; 141: 3050–3053.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Kettelhurt TC, Goldberg AL. Tumor necrosis factor can induce fever in rats without activating protein breakdown in muscle or lipolysis in adipose tissue. J Clin Invest. 1988; 188: 1384–1389.

    Google Scholar 

  135. Mountz JD, Steinberg AD, Klinman DM, Smith HR, Mushinski JF. Autoimmunity and increased c-myb transcription. Science. 1984; 226: 1087–1090.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Mountz JD, Mushinski JF, Mark GE, Steinberg AD. Oncogene expression in autoimmune mice. J Mol Cell Immunol. 1985; 2: 121–122.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Murphy ED, Roths JB. A single gene model for massive lymphoproliferation with autoimmunity in new mouse strain MRL. Fed Proc. 1977; 36: 1246–1249.

    Google Scholar 

  138. Thompson CB, Challoner PB, Neiman PE, Groudine M. Expression of the c-myb protooncogene during cellular proliferation. Nature. 1986; 319: 374–378.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Westin EH, Gallo RL, Arya SK, Eva A, Souza LM, Baluda JA, Aaronson A, Wong-Staal F. Differential expression of the amv gene in human hematopoietic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1982; 79: 2194–2198.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Mountz JD, Steinberg AD. Studies of c-myb gene regulation in MRL-1pr/lpr mice: Identification of a 5’c-myb nuclear protein binding site and high levels of binding factors in nuclear extracts of 1pr/lpr lymph node cells. J Immunol. 1989; 142: 328–335.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Lafyatis R, Renmers EF, Roberts AB, Yocum DR, Sporn MB, Wieder RL. Anchorage-dependent growth of synoviocytes from arthritic and normal joints. Stimulation by exogenous platelet-derived growth factor and inhibition by transforming growth factor-beta and retinoids. J Clin Invest. 1989; 83: 1267–1276.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Morse HC III, Chused TM, Boehm-Truitt M, Mathieson BJ, Sharrow SO, Hartley JW, Xen CSA. Cell surface antigens related to the major glycoproteins (gp70) of xenotropic murine leukemia viruses. J Immunol. 1979; 122: 443–446.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Krieg AM, Khan AS, Steinberg AD. Expression of an endogenous retroviral transcript is associated with murine lupus. Arthritis Rheum. 1989; 32: 322–326.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Greenberger JS, Phillips SM, Stephenson JR, Aaronson SA. Induction of mouse type-C RNA virus by lipopolysaccharide. J Immunol. 1975; 115: 317–320.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Krieg AM, Khan AS, Steinberg AD. Multiple endogenous xenotropic and mink cell focus-forming murine leukemia virus-related transcripts are induced by polyclonal immune activators. J Virol. 1988; 62: 3545–3548.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Krieg AM, Gause WC, Gourley MF, Steinberg AD. A role for endogenous retroviral sequences in the regulation of lymphocyte activation. J Immunol. 1989; 143: 2448–2451.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Phillips PE. Infectious agents in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1986; 16: 1–10.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Boumpas DT, Popovic M, Mann DL, Balow JE, Tsokos GC. Type C retroviruses of the human T cell leukemia family are not evident in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 1986; 29: 185–188.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Pelton BK, North M, Palmer RG, Hylton W, Smith-Burchnell C, Sinclair AL, Malkovsky M, Dalgleish AG, Denman AM. A search for retrovirus infection in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1988; 47: 206–209.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Olsen RG, Tarr MJ, Mathes LE, Whisler R, Du Plessis D, Schulz EJ, Blakeslee JR. Serological and virological evidence of human T lymphotropic virus in systemic lupus erythematosus. Med Microbiol Immunol. 1987; 176: 53–64.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Gavalchin J, Phillips PE, Ginzler EM, Froehlich CJ, Poiesz BJ. Antibody to human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 1987; 30 (suppl 4): S 121.

    Google Scholar 

  152. Ziegler B, Huang G, Cay RE, Fassbender HG, Gay S. Immunohistological demonstration of retroviral sequences in rheumatoid synovium utilizing monoclonal anti-HTLV-I p19 and anti-HTLV-I p24 antibodies. Arthritis Rheum. 1988; 31 (suppl 4): S35.

    Google Scholar 

  153. Matsunaga A, Miller BC, Cottam GL. Dehydroisoandrosterone prevention of autoimmune disease in NZB/W F1 mice: Lack of an effect on associated immunological abnormalities. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1988; 992: 265–271.

    Google Scholar 

  154. Carlsten H, Holmdahl R, Tarkowski A, Nilsson LA. Oestradiol-and testosterone-mediated effects on the immune system in normal and autoimmune mice are genetically linked and inherited as dominant traits. Immunology. 1989; 68: 209–214.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. Ahmed SA, Aufdemorte TB, Chen JR, Montoya AI, Olive D, Talal N. Estrogen induces the development of autoantibodies and promotes salivary gland lymphoid infiltrates in normal mice. J Autoimmun. 1989; 2: 543–552.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Brick JE, Ong SH, Bathon JM, Walker SE, O’Sullivan FX, Di Bartolomeo AG. Anti-histone antibodies in the serum of autoimmune MRL and (NZB/NZW) F1 mice. Clin Immunol Immunopatho]. 1990; 54: 372–381.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. Blank M, Mendlovic S, Fricke H, Mozes E, Talal N, Shoenfeld Y. Sex hormone involvement in induction of experimental SLE by a pathogenic anti-DNA idiotype in naive mice. J Rheumatol. 1990; 69: 228–236.

    Google Scholar 

  158. Jara LJ, Lavalle C, Fraga A, et al. Prolactin, immunoregulation and autoimmune diseases. Seminars Arthritis Rheum. 1991; 20: 273–284.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Buskila D, Sukenik S, Shoenfeld Y. The possible role of prolactin in autoimmunity. Amer J Reprod. Immunol. 1991; 26: 118–123.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. McMurray RW, Keisler D, Walker SE. Hyperprolactinemia accelerates disease activity in the male NZB/W mouse model of SLE. American College of Rheumatology, 55th annual meeting 1991; C 182.

    Google Scholar 

  161. Sakaguchi S, Sakaguchi N. Thymus and autoimmunity: transplantation of the thymus from cyclosporine-treated mice causes organ-specific autoimmune disease in athymic nude mice. J Exp Med. 1988; 167: 1479–1485.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. Blank M, Ben-Bassat M, Shoenfeld Y. The effect of cyclosporine A on early and late stages of experimental SLE induction in mice. Arthritis Rheum. (In press).

    Google Scholar 

  163. Jones MG, Harris G. Prolongation of life in female NZB/NZW (F1) hybrid mice by cyclosporin A. Clin Exp Immunol. 1985; 59: 1–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. Israel-Biet DI, Noel LH, Bach MA. Marked reduction of DNA antibody production and glomerulopathy in thymulin (FTS-Zn) or cyclosporin A treated (NZB x NZW) F1 mice. Clin Exp Immunol. 1983; 54: 359–365.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. Boitard C, Fentren G, Castano L, Debray-Sachs M, Assan R, Hors J, Back JF. Effect of cyclosporin A treatment on the production of antibody in insulin-dependent (Type 1) diabetic patients. J Clin Invest. 1987; 80: 1607–1612.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. Blank M, Palestine A, Nussenblatt R, Shoenfeld Y. Down regulation of autoantibody levels by cyclosporine treatment in patients with uveitis. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1990; 4: 87–89.

    Google Scholar 

  167. Miescher PA, Favre H, Zubler R, Huang VP. The place of cyclosporin in the treatment of SLE. Proceeding of the 2nd International Conference of SLE. Nov. Singapore. 1989; 133–139.

    Google Scholar 

  168. Prickett JD, Robinson DR, Steinberg AD. Dietary enrichment with the polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid prevents proteinuria and prolongs survival in NZB x NZW F1 mice. J Clin Invest. 1981; 68: 556–559.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. Kelley VE, Ferreeti A, Izu S, Strom TB. A fish oil diet rich in eicosapentaenoic acid reduces cyclooxygenase metabolites, and suppresses lupus in MRL-lpr mice. J Immunol. 1985; 134: 1914–1919.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. Leslie CA, Gonnerman WA, Ullman MD, Hayes KC, Franzblace C, Cathcart ES. Dietary fish oil modulates fatty acids and decreases arthritis susceptibility in mice. J Exp Med. 1985; 162: 1336–1349.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. Cathcart ES, Leslie CA, Meydani SN, Hayes KC. A fish oil diet retards experimental amyloidosis modulates lymphocyte function and decreases macrophage arachidonate metabolism in mice. J Immunol. 1987; 139: 1850–1854.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. Ito Y, Barceli U, Yamashita W, Weiss M, Glasgreenwalt P, Pollak VE. Fish oil has beneficial effects on lipids and renal disease of nephrotic rats. Metabolism. 1988; 37: 352–357.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  173. Licastro F, Weindroch R, Davis IJ, Walford RI. Effect of dietary restriction on the age-associated decline of lymphocyte DNA repair activity in mice. Age Aging. 1988; 11: 48–53.

    Google Scholar 

  174. Trentham DE, Belli JA, Anderson RJ. Clinical and immunologic effects of fractionated total lymphoid irradiation in refractory rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med. 1981; 305: 976–982.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. Gaston JSH, Strober S, Solovera JJ. Dissection of the mechanism of immune injury in RA using TLI. Arthritis Rheum. 1988; 31: 21–30.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  176. Strober S. Overview: effect of total lymphoid irradiation on autoimmune disease and transplantation immunity. J Immunol. 1984; 132: 968–970.

    Google Scholar 

  177. Oseroff A, Okada S, Strober S. Natural suppressor cells found in the spleen of neonatal mice and of adult mice given total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) express null surface phenotype. J Immunol. 1984; 132: 101–110.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  178. Zan-Bar I, Slavin S, Strober S. Induction and mechanism of tolerance to bovine serum albumin in mice given total lymphoid irradiation (TLI). J Immunol. 1978; 121: 1400–1404.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  179. Andrews BS, Eisenberg RA, Theofilopoulos A. Spontaneous murine lupus-like syndromes: clinical and immunopathological manifestations in several strains. J Exp Med. 1978; 148: 1198–1218.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  180. Wofsy D, Seaman WE. Successful treatment of autoimmunity in NZB/NZW F1 mice with monoclonal antibody to L3T4. J Exp Med. 1985; 161: 378–391.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  181. Ranges GE, Sriram S, Cooper SM. Prevention of type II collagen-induced arthritis by in vivo treatment with anti-L3T4. J Exp Med. 1985; 162: 1105–1110.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  182. Wofsy D. Administration of monoclonal anti-T cell antibodies retards murine lupus in BXSB mice. J Immunol. 1986; 136: 4554–4560.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  183. Carteron NL, Schimenti CL, Wofsy D. Treatment of murine lupus with F(ab1)2 fragments of monoclonal antibody to L3T4: suppression of autoimmunity does not depend on T helper cell depletion. J Immuno1. 1989; 142: 1470–1475.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. Asensi V, Kimeno K, Kawamura I, Sakumoto M, Nomoto K. Treatment of autoimmune MRL-lpr mice with anti-B220 monoclonal antibody reduces the level of anti-DNA antibodies and lymphadenopathy. Immunology. 1989; 68: 204–208.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  185. Mountz JD, Gause WC, Finkelman FS, Steinberg AD. Prevention of lymphadenopathy in MRL-1pr/lpr mice by blocking peripheral lymph node homing with Mel-14 in vivo. J Immunol. 1988; 2943–2949.

    Google Scholar 

  186. Buskila D, Shoenfeld Y. Manipulation of anti-DNA idiotypes: a possible treatment approach to autoimmune diseases. In: Cruse JM, Lewis RE, Jr., eds. Clinical and Molecular Aspects of Autoimmune Diseases. Concepts Immunopathol. Vol 8, Basle: Karger; 1992: 114–128.

    Google Scholar 

  187. Hahn BH, Ando D, Ebling FM, Panosian-Sahakian N, Tsao B, Kalunian K. T cell up-regulation of B cells via their idiotypes contributing to the development of systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Med. 1988; 85 (suppl 6A): 32–34.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  188. Paul E, Manheimer-Lort A, Livneh A, et al. Pathogenic anti-DNA antibodies in SLE: idiotypic families and genetic origins. Int Rev Immunol. 1990; 5: 295–313.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  189. Zouali M, Diamond B. Idiotype mediated intervention in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Autoimmun. 1990; 3: 381–388.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  190. Kim YT, Puntillo E, DeBlasio T, Weksler ME, Siskind GW. Regulation of antibody production by hybridoma cultures. I. Anti-idiotype antibody-mediated down-regulation of anti-DNA antibody production by hybridoma cells. Cell Immunol. 1987; 105: 65–74.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  191. Hahn B, Ebling F. Suppression of NZB/NZW mice murine nephritis by administration of a syngeneic monoclonal antibody to DNA: possible role of anti-idiotypic antibodies. J Clin Invest. 1983; 71: 728–736.

    Google Scholar 

  192. Zouali M, Jolivet M, Leclerc C. Suppression of murine lupus autoantibodies to DNA by administration of muramyl d peptide and syngeneic anti-DNA IgG. J Immunol. 1985; 135: 1091–1096.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  193. Sasaski T, Muryoi T, Takai O, et al. Selective elimination of anti-DNA antibody producing cells by anti-idiotypic antibody conjugated with neocarzinostatin. J Clin Invest. 1986; 77: 1382–1386.

    Google Scholar 

  194. Blank M, Ben-Bassat N, Shoenfeld Y. Modulation of SLE induction in naive mice by specific T cells with suppressor activity to pathogenic anti-DNA antibody idiotype. Cell Immunol. 1991; 137: 474–486.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Buskila, D., Shoenfeld, Y. (1994). Animal Models of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. In: Panayi, G.S. (eds) Immunology of the Connective Tissue Diseases. Immunology and Medicine Series, vol 22. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1432-5_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1432-5_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-4627-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-1432-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics