Cognitive Aspects of Human-Computer Interaction for Geographic Information Systems pp 29-44 | Cite as
Primitives of Spatial Knowledge
Chapter
Abstract
A minimal set of primitives for building sets of spatial concepts is presented. These are needed for understanding the many GIS being circulated today. Using primitives of identity, location, magnitude, and time, simple and more complex spatial concepts can be derived. These ultimately become embedded in spatial language. Implications for HCI are discussed and the types of interactive mode (e.g., visual, tactile, auditory) most appropriate in specific HCI contexts are elaborated.
Keywords
Global Position System Natural Language Geographic Information System Spatial Knowledge Spatial Term
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
- 1.Briggs, R. (1972) Cognitive distance in urban space. Ph.D. Dissertation. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University.Google Scholar
- 2.Briggs, R. (1976) Methodologies for the measurement of cognitive distance, in G.T. Moore and R.G. Golledge (eds), Environmental knowing, Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross, Stroudsburg, PA, pp. 325–334.Google Scholar
- 3.Buttenfield, B.P. (1986) Comparing distortion on sketch maps and MDS configurations. Professional Geographer 38, 238–246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 4.Curtis, L.E., Siegel, A.W., and Furlong, N.E. (1981) Developmental differences in cognitive mapping: Configurational knowledge of familiar large-scale environments, Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 31, 456–469.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 5.Da Silva, J.A., and Dos Santos, R. (1984) The effects of instructions on scales for perceived egocentric distance in a large open field, Psychonomic Society Bulletin 22, 189–192.Google Scholar
- 6.Da Silva, J.A., and Fukusima, S.S. (1990) Scaling egocentric distance in natural indoor and outdoor settings with and without vision. Paper presented at the 22nd International Congress of Applied Psychology, Kyoto, Japan, July 22–27.Google Scholar
- 7.Dangermond, J. (1990) A classification of software components commonly used in geographic information systems, in D.J. Peuquet and D.F. Marble (eds), Introductory readings in geographic information systems, Taylor & Francis, New York, pp. 30–51.Google Scholar
- 8.Dougherty, V. J. (1994) Spatial familiarity and globalness of spatial reference systems in cognitive maps of large-scale environments. M.A. Thesis. University of California, Santa BarbaraGoogle Scholar
- 9.Egenhofer, M., and Golledge, R.G. (eds) (1994) Spatial and temporal reasoning in Geographic Information Systems. North Holland: Elsevier Science Publishers (forthcoming).Google Scholar
- 10.Evans, G.W. (1980) Environmental cognition, Psychological Bulletin 88, 259–287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 11.Fowler, P. and Hudson, J. (1964) On patterns and shapes in geography. Unpublished manuscript.. Department of Geography, University of Iowa.Google Scholar
- 12.Gale, N.D. (1985) Route learning by children in real and simulated environments. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara.Google Scholar
- 13.Gale, N.D., Doherty, S., Pellegrino, J.W., and Golledge, R.G. (1985) Toward reassembling the image. Children’s Environments Quarterly, 2, 10–18.Google Scholar
- 14.Gärling, T., Lindberg, E., Carreiras, M., and Böök, A. (1986) Reference systems in cognitive maps. Journal of Environmental Psychology 6, 1–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 15.Golledge, R.G. (1977) Multidimensional analysis in the study of environmental behavior and environmental design, in I. Altman and J. Wohlwill (eds), Human behavior and environment: Advances in theory and research, Vol. 2, Plenum Press, New York, pp. 1–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 16.Golledge, R.G. (1990) The conceptual and empirical basis of a general theory of spatial knowledge, in M.M. Fischer, P. Nijkamp, and Y.Y. Papageorgiou (eds), Spatial choices and processes, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., North-Holland, pp. 147–168.Google Scholar
- 17.Golledge, R.G. (1992) Do people understand spatial concepts: The case of first-order primitives, in A.U. Frank, I. Campari, and U. Formentini (eds), Theories and methods of spatio-temporal reasoning in geographic space. International Conference GIS-From space to territory: Theories and methods of spatio-temporal reasoning. Pisa, Italy, September 21–23, Proceedings, Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 1–21.Google Scholar
- 18.Golledge, R.G., Briggs, R., and Demko, D. (1969) The configuration of distances in intra-urban space. Ohio State University.Google Scholar
- 19.Golledge, R.G., Dougherty, V., and Bell, S. (1994) Survey versus route-based wayfinding in unfamiliar environments, Annals of the American Association of Geographers (Submitted).Google Scholar
- 20.Golledge, R.G., Parnicky, J.J., and Rayner, J.N. (1983) Procedures for defining and analyzing cognitive maps of the mildly and moderately mentally retarded, in H. Pick and L. Acredolo (eds), Spatial orientation: Theory, research and application. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 79–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 21.Golledge, R.G., Gale, N.D., Pellegrino, J.W., and Doherty, S. (1992) Spatial knowledge acquisition by children: Route learning and relational distances, Annals of the Association of American Geographers 82, 223–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 22.Golledge, R.G., Ruggles, A.J., Pellegrino, J.W., and Gale, N.D. (1993) Integrating route knowledge in an unfamiliar neighborhood: Along and across route experiments, Journal of Environmental Psychology 13, 293–307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 23.Hanley, G.L., and Levine, M. (1983) Spatial problem solving: The integration of independently learned cognitive maps, Memory & Cognition 11, 415–422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 24.Hubert, L.J., and Golledge, R.G. (1982) Measuring association between spatially defined variables: Tjøsteheim’s Index and some extensions, Geographical Analysis 14, 273–278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 25.Klatzky, R.L., Loomis, J.M., Golledge, R.G., Cicinelli, J.G., Doherty, S., and Pellegrino, J.W. (1990) Acquisition of route and survey knowledge in the absence of vision, Journal of Motor Behavior 22, 19–43.Google Scholar
- 26.Loomis, J.M., Da Silva, J.A., Margues, S.L., and Fukusima, S.S. (1988) Visual matching and visually directed walking: A comparison involving exocentric intervals. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society in Chicago, Illinois, November 8–11.Google Scholar
- 27.Lowery, R.A. (1973) A method for analyzing distance concepts of urban residents, in R. Downs and D Stea (eds), Image and environment: Cognitive mapping and spatial behavior, Aldine, Chicago, pp. 338–360.Google Scholar
- 28.Lynch, K. (1960) The image of the city. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
- 29.Mark, D.M. and Frank, A. (eds) (1991) Cognitive and linguistic aspects of geographic space, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Google Scholar
- 30.Moar, I., and Bower, G.H. (1983) Inconsistency in spatial knowledge, Memory and Cognition 11, 107–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 31.Moar, I., and Carleton, L.R. (1982) Memory for routes, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 34A, 381–394.Google Scholar
- 32.Montello, D.R. (1991) The measurement of cognitive distance: Methods and construct validity, Journal of Environmental Psychology 11, 101–122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 33.Nystuen, J.D. (1963) Identification of some fundamental spatial concepts. Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, Letters, Vol. XLVIII, pp. 373–384.Google Scholar
- 34.Papageorgiou, G.J. (1969) Description of a basis necessary to the analysis of spatial systems, Geographical Analysis 1, 213–215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 35.Siegel, A.W. (1981) The externalization of cognitive maps by children and adults: In search of better ways to ask better questions, in L.S. Liben, A. Patterson, and N. Newcombe (eds), Spatial representation and behavior across the life span: Theory and application, Academic Press, New York, pp. 167–194.Google Scholar
- 36.Tversky, B. (1981) Distortions in memory for maps, Cognitive Psychology 13, 407–433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 37.Tobler, W.R. (1970) A computer movie simulating urban growth in the Detroit region, Economic Geography 46, 234–240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Copyright information
© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 1995