Ecology of Mysidacea pp 179-187 | Cite as
The use of life-tables for evaluating the chronic toxicity of pollutants to Mysidopsis bahia
Abstract
This study examines the application of population statistics to laboratory-derived toxicological data for the purpose of developing a predictive model that assesses the population consequences of pollutant and environmentally-induced stress. Life tables are used to calculate age-specific survivorship, fecundity, intrinsic rate of population increase (r), and reproductive value (Va), for populations of Mysidopsis bahia chronically exposed, in separate tests, to mercury and nickel. The population statistics, r, and Va, and pollutant dose are defined quantitatively, and the critical value (r = 0) for the intrinsic rate of population increase is compared with traditional toxicological measures of acute and chronic toxicity.
The effects of an environmental variable, predation, significantly reduce the critical value (r = 0) for the intrinsic rate of growth and demonstrate the interactions of multiple stressors. The use of the population statistic, r, is recommended for estimating the ecological significance of toxicological data and for facilitating the assessment of interactions between pollutant-stressed populations and dynamic environmental pressures.
Keywords
Mysidacea life-tables populations toxicologyPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
- Allan, J. D., 1976. Life history patterns in Zooplankton. Am. Nat. 110: 165–180.Google Scholar
- Birch, L. C., 1948. The intrinsic rate of natural increase of an insect population. J. Anim. Ecol. 17: 15–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Cole, L. C., 1954. The population consequences of life history phenomena. Q. Rev. Biol. 29: 103–137.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Daniels, R. E., Allan, J. D., 1981. Life-table evaluation of chronic exposure to a pesticide. Can. J. Fish, aquat. Sci. 38: 485–494.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Deevey, E. S., 1947. Life tables for natural populations of animals. Q. Rev. Biol. 22: 283 - 314.PubMedCrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Edmondson, W. T., 1945. Ecological studies of sessile Rotatoria: II Dynamics of populations and social structures. Ecol. Monogr. 15: 141–172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Euler, L., 1970. A general investigation into the mortality and multiplication of the human species. Theor. Pop. Biol. 1: 307–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Fisher, R. A., 1930. The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection. Clarendon Press, Oxford. 272 pp.Google Scholar
- Frank, P. W., 1960. Prediction of population growth found in Daphnia pulex cultures. Am. Nat. 94: 357–372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Gentile, S. M., Gentile, J. H., Walker, J., Heltshe, J. F., 1982. Chronic effects of cadmium on two species of mysid shrimp: Mysidopsis bahia and Mysidopsis bigelowi. Hydrobiologia (this issue).Google Scholar
- Hurlbert, S. H., 1975. Secondary effects of pesticides on aquatic ecosystems. Residue Rev. 58: 81–148.Google Scholar
- Hurlbert, S. H., Mulla, M. S., Wilson, H. R., 1972. Effects of an organophosphorous insecticide on the phytoplankton, zooplankton and insect populations of fresh water ponds. Ecol. Monogr. 42: 269–299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Hummon, W. D., 1974. Effects of DDT on longevity and reproductive rate in Lepidodermella squammata (Gastrotricha, Chaetonotida). Am. Midi. Nat. 92: 327 - 339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Hutchinson, G. E., 1978. An Introduction to Population Ecology. Yale, New Haven.Google Scholar
- Keyfitz, N., Flieger, W., 1968. World Population: An Analysis of Vital Data. Univ. of Chicago, Chicago.Google Scholar
- Marshall, J. S., 1962. The effects of continuous gamma radiation on the intrinsic rate of natural increase of Daphnia pulex. Ecology 43: 598–607.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Marshall, J. S., 1978. Population dynamics of Daphnia galeata mendotae as modified by chronic cadmium stress. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 35: 461–469.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- May, R. M., 1973. Stability and Complexity in Model Ecosystems, pp. 1–235. Princeton University Press, Princeton.Google Scholar
- Mount, D. I., 1968. Chronic toxicity of copper to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas, Rafinesque). Wat. Res. 2: 215–223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Roughgarden, J., 1979. Theory of Population Genetics and Evolutionary Ecology: An Introduction. Macmillan, New York. 634 pp.Google Scholar
- Sosnowski, S. M., Germond, D. L., Gentile, J. H., 1979. The effect of nutrition on the response of field populations of the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa to copper. Wat. Res. 13: 449–452.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Sprague,J. B., 1971. Measurement of pollutant toxicity to fish- III. Sublethal effects and safe concentrations. Wat. Res. 5: 245–266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Sprague, J. B., 1976. Current status of sub-lethal tests of pollutants on aquatic organisms. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 33: 1988–1992.Google Scholar
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1980. Guidelines for deriving water quality criteria for the protection of aquatic life and its uses. Appendix B. Federal Register: 45: 79341–79347.Google Scholar
- Warren, C. E., 1971. Biology and Water Pollution Control. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia. 434 pp.Google Scholar
- Winner, R. W., Farrell, M. P., 1976. Acute and chronic toxicity of copper to four species of Daphnia. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 33: 1685–1691.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Winner, R. W., Keeling, T., Yeager, R., Farrell, M. P., 1977. Effect of food type on acute and chronic toxicity of copper to Daphnia magna. Freshwat. Biol. 7: 343–349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar