Pest Management in Northwest Bareroot Nurseries

  • J. R. Sutherland
Part of the Forestry Sciences book series (FOSC, volume 11)

Abstract

A survey of Northwest bareroot nurseries revealed that root rots (Macrophomina, Fusarium, and Phytophthora) and Sirococcus blight are the major diseases, that the cranberry girdler (Chrysoteuchia topiaria) and various aphids are the most important insect pests, and that numerous rodents and seed-eating birds are frequent animal pests. Many site features affect both pest occurrence and successful management. However, the types of pestmanagement practices used depend upon factors including the availability of advice from pest-management specialists, the use of surveys, and numerous cultural practices. Nontarget effects of pesticides are also of concern. More information is needed on many aspects of pest management so that nursery managers can grow better seedlings.

Keywords

Cover Crop Methyl Bromide Soil Fumigation Forest Nursery Soil Fumigant 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. 1.
    Abrahamson, L. P. 1980. Pesticides in forest tree nurseriesprimary and secondary effects. Pages 191–204 in Proc., North American forest tree nursery soils workshop (L. P. Abrahamson and D.H. Bickelhaupt, eds.). State Univ. New York, Coll. Environ. Sci. and Forestry, Syracuse.Google Scholar
  2. 2.
    Aldhous, J. R. 1972. Nursery practice. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London. Forestry Commun. Bull. 43. 184 p.Google Scholar
  3. 3.
    Armson, K. A., and V. Sadreika. 1979. Forest tree nursery soil management and related practices. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Toronto. 179 p.Google Scholar
  4. 4.
    Berg, G. L. (ed.). 1982. Farm chemicals handbook. Meister Publ. Co., Willoughby, Ohio. (Published annually.)Google Scholar
  5. 5.
    Bloomberg, W. J. 1965. The effect of chemical sterilization on the fungus population of soil in relation to root disease of Douglas-fir seedlings. Forestry Chronicle 41: 182–187.Google Scholar
  6. 6.
    Bloomberg, W.). 1968. Corky root of Douglas-fir seedlings. Can. Dep. of Forestry and Rural Dev. Bi-Monthly Res. Notes 24 (1): 8.Google Scholar
  7. 7.
    Bloomberg, W. J. 1976. Distribution and pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum in a forest nursery soil. Phytopathology 66: 1090–1092.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. 8.
    Bloomberg, W. 1., and W. Lock. 1974. Importance of treatment timing in the control of Fusarium root rot of Douglas-fir seedlings. Phytopathology 64:11 53–11 54.Google Scholar
  9. 9.
    Bloomberg, W.)., and j. Trelawny. 1970. Effect of thiram on germination of Douglas-fir seed. Phytopathology 60: 1111–1116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. 10.
    Boyce, J. S. 1948. Forest pathology. McGraw-Hill, New York. 550 p.Google Scholar
  11. 11.
    California Forest Pest Control Action Council. 1971. Forest pest conditions in California—1970. California Dep. of Forestry, Sacramento. 2 5 p.Google Scholar
  12. 12.
    Capizzi, J., G. Fisher, H. Homan, C. Baird, A. Retan, and A. Antonelii. 1982. Pacific Northwest insect control handbook. Ext. Services of Oregon State Univ., Corvallis; Washington State Univ., Pullman; and Univ. of Idaho, Moscow. ( Published annually. )Google Scholar
  13. 13.
    Carlson, L. W. 1972. Forest tree nursery disease control. Pages 111–114 in Proc., Joint meeting, Western Forest Nursery Council and lntermountain Forest Nurserymen’s Assoc., Olympia, Washington.Google Scholar
  14. 14.
    Cooley. S. 1981. Progress report: solar pasteurization of nursery soil. Forest Pest Management, U.S.D.A. Forest Serv., Portland, Oregon. 17 p.Google Scholar
  15. 15.
    Davey, C. B., and H. H. Krause. 1980. Functions and maintenance of organic matter in forest nursery soils. Pages 130–165 in Proc., North American forest tree nursery soils workshop (L. P. Abrahamson and D. H. Bickelhaupt, eds.). State Univ. New York. Coll. Environ. Sci. and Forestry, Syracuse.Google Scholar
  16. 16.
    Dingley, J. M., and J. W. Gilmour. 1972. Colletotricfium acutatum Simmds. f. sp. pinea associated with terminal crook disease of Pinus spp. New Zealand J. Forestry Sci. 2: 192–201.Google Scholar
  17. 17.
    Furniss, R. L., and V. M. Carolin. 1977. Western forest insects. U.S.D.A. Forest Serv., Washington. D.C. Misc. Publ. 1339. 654 p.Google Scholar
  18. 18.
    Hamel, D. R. 1981. Forest management chemicals. U.S.D.A. Forest Serv.. Washington. D.C. Agric. Handb. 585. 512 p.Google Scholar
  19. 19.
    Hansen, E. M., P. B. Hamm. A. I. Julis, and L. F. Roth. 1979. Isolation, incidence and management of Pfiytopfitfiora in forest tree nurseries in the Pacific Northwest. Plant Disease Reporter 63: 607–611.Google Scholar
  20. 20.
    Hepting, G. H. 1971. Diseases of forest and shade trees of the United States. U.S.D.A. Forest Serv.. Washington. D.C. Agric. Handb. 306. 658 p.Google Scholar
  21. 21.
    Hopkins, J. C. 1975. A review of moulding of forest nursery seedlings in cold storage. Can. Forestry Serv., Pacific ForestRes. Centre. Victoria, B.C. Rep. BC-X-128. 16 p.Google Scholar
  22. 22.
    Lock, W., J. R. Sutherland, and L. J. Sluggett. 1975. Fungicide treatment of seeds for damping-off control in British Columbiaforest nurseries. Tree Planters ’ Notes 26(3): 16–18. 28.Google Scholar
  23. 23.
    MacSwan, I. C., and P. A. Koepsell. 1982. Pacific Northwest plant disease handbook. Ext. Services of Oregon State Univ., Corvallis; Washington State Univ., Pullman; and Univ. of Idaho, Moscow. ( Published annually. )Google Scholar
  24. 24.
    Marshall. V. G., and S. Ilnytzky. 1976. Evaluation of chemically controlling the collembolan Bourletiella fiortensis on germinating Sitka spruce and western hemlock in the nursery. Can. I. Forest Res. 6: 467–474.Google Scholar
  25. 25.
    Miller. A. V.. and S. M. Craig. 1979. Handbook for pesticideapplicators and pesticide dispensers. Province of British Columbia, Ministry of Environ., Victoria. 233 p.Google Scholar
  26. 26.
    Old, K. M. 1981. Solar heating of soil for the control of nursery pathogens of Pinus radiata. Australian Forest Res. 11: 141–147.Google Scholar
  27. 27.
    Peterson, G. W.. and R. S. Smith. Jr. 1975. Forest nursery diseases in the United States. U.S.D.A. Forest Serv., Washington, D.C. Agric. Handb. 470. 125 p.Google Scholar
  28. 28.
    Smith. R. S.. Jr. 1975. Charcoal root disease. Pages 11–13 in Forest nursery diseases in the United States (G. W. Peterson and R. S. Smith. Jr.. tech. coordinators). U.S.D.A. Forest Serv., Washington. D.C. Agric. Handb. 470.Google Scholar
  29. 29.
    Smith. R. S.. Jr. 1975. Phomopsis canker of Douglas-fir. Pages 42–44 in Forest nursery diseases in the United States (G. W. Peterson and R. S. Smith, Jr.. tech. coordinators). U.S.D.A. Forest Serv., Washington. D.C. Agric. Handb. 470.Google Scholar
  30. 30.
    Stoeckeler, J. H., and G. W. Jones. 1957. Forest nursery practice in the Lake States. U.S.D.A. Forest Serv., Washington, D.C. Agric. Handb. 110. 124 p.Google Scholar
  31. 31.
    Stoeckeler, J. H., and P. E. Slabaugh. 1965. Conifer nursery practice in the Prairie-Plains. U.S.D.A. Forest Serv., Washington. D.C. Agric. Handb. 279. 93 p.Google Scholar
  32. 32.
    Sutherland. J. R., and R. L. Anderson. 1980. Seedling disease and insect problems related to nursery soil conditions in North America. Pages 182–190 in Proc., North American forest tree nursery soils workshop (L. P. Abrahamson and D. H. Bickelhaupt, eds.). State Univ. New York, Coll. Environ. Sci. and Forestry. Syracuse.Google Scholar
  33. 33.
    Sutherland, J. R., and T. G. Dunn. 1970. Nematodes in coastal British Columbia forest nurseries and association of Xipfiinema bakeri with a root disease of Douglas-fir seedlings. Plant Disease Reporter 54: 165–168.Google Scholar
  34. 34.
    Sutherland, J. R., and W. Lock. 1977. Fungicide-drenches ineffective against damping-off of Sitka and white spruces. Can. Forestry Serv., Dep. of Environ. Bi-Monthly Res. Notes 33 (l): 6–7.Google Scholar
  35. 35.
    Sutherland. J. R., W. Lock, and L. J. Sluggett. 1975. Damping-off in British Columbia forest nurseries: control trials with fungicides applied to different quality seeds. Can. Forestry Serv., Pacific Forest Res. Centre. Victoria. B.C. Rep. BC-X-12 5. 20 p.Google Scholar
  36. 36.
    Sutherland. J. R., and E. Van Eerden. 1980. Diseases and insect pests in British Columbia forest nurseries. B.C. Ministry of Forests/Can. Forestry Serv.. Victoria. Joint Rep. 12. 55 p.Google Scholar
  37. 37.
    Sutherland. J. R., T. A. D. Woods, and S. Ilnytzky. 1977. Pesticide phytotoxicity studies with seeds, germinants and seedlings of British Columbia conifers. Can. Forestry Serv., Pacific Forest Res. Centre. Victoria. B.C. Rep. BC-X-165. 7 p.Google Scholar
  38. 38.
    Triebwasser, M.E., and D. C. Overhulser. 1981. The cranberry girdler in conifer nurseries of western Washington and Oregon. Pages 80–83 in Proc., Intermountain Forest Nurserymen’s Assoc. and Western Forest Nursery Assoc. combined meeting, Boise. Idaho. Aug. 12–14, 1980. U.S.D.A. Forest Serv.. Intermountain Forest and Range Exp. Sta., Ogden, Utah. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-109.Google Scholar
  39. 39.
    Vaartaja, O. 1956. Screening fungicides for controlling dampingoff of tree seedlings. Phytopathology 46: 387–390.Google Scholar
  40. 40.
    van den Driessche, R. 1963. Partial sterilization of Douglas-fir seedbeds with formalin and chloropicrin. Forest Sci. 9: 330–334.Google Scholar
  41. 41.
    van den Driessche, R. 1980. Health, vigour and quality of conifer seedlings in relation to nursery soil fertility. Pages 100–120 in Proc., North American forest tree nursery soils workshop (L. P. Abrahamson and D. H. Bickelhaupt, eds.). State Univ. New York. Coll. Environ. Sci. and Forestry. Syracuse.Google Scholar
  42. 42.
    Wilde. S. A. 1958. Forest soils. The Ronald Press, New York. 537 p.Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Martinus Nijhoff/Dr W. Junk Publishers, The Hague 1984

Authors and Affiliations

  • J. R. Sutherland

There are no affiliations available

Personalised recommendations