New Developments in Biosciences: Their Implications for Laboratory Animal Science pp 413-417 | Cite as
Measurement of Orthostatic Responses in Conscious Dogs
Abstract
Most acute experiments have been carried out with animals in horizontal position lying on their back or on one side, a normal prerequisite for the use of instrumentation. However, these positions are abnormal to the dog. The change from horizontal four-leg standing position to head-up tilted position causes redistribution of the circulating blood volume and tendency of blood to pool in the lower extremities. This causes a fall in central venous pressure and tends to decrease venous return and cardiac output. Accordingly, stroke volume is decreased, and an increase in heart rate is followed to maintain sufficient cardiac output.
Keywords
Mean Arterial Pressure Circulate Blood Volume Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy Initial Heart Rate Vertical TiltingPreview
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