Thermal Energy Storage and Extraction in Solar Ponds

  • Yogesh Jaluria
Chapter
Part of the NATO ASI Series book series (NSSE, volume 167)

Abstract

In the recent past, considerable research effort has been directed at energy storage systems, which are necessary for solar energy applications because of the intermittent availability of solar radiation. Various studies have considered energy storage in rock beds, phase change materials in enclosed water bodies, as discussed in the textbooks by Kreith and Kreider [1] Lunde [2] and Hsieh [3]. Hot water storage has been studied extensively, particularly for space and water heating, see, for instance, Lavan and Thompson [4], Cabelli [5] Jaluria and Gupta [6] and Guo and Wu [7] Salt-gradient solar ponds have also been studied because of their considerable promise for collection and long-term storage of solar energy as reviewed by Nielsen [8] and Tabor [9]. Most of these studies were largely directed at the design, analysis and operation of the energy storage system. As a consequence, considerable information exists on the effect of various physical variables, relevant to a given storage system, on its performance, particularly for long-term storage.

Keywords

Energy Storage System Thermal Energy Storage Flow Configuration Energy Extraction Gradient Zone 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. 1.
    Kreith F and Kreider JF: Principles of Solar Engineering. Hemisphere, Washington, DC, 197aGoogle Scholar
  2. 2.
    Lunde PD: Solar Thermal Engineering. Wiley, NY, 1980.Google Scholar
  3. 3.
    Hsieh JS: Solar Energy Engineering, Prentice-Hall, NJ, 1986.Google Scholar
  4. 4.
    Lavan Z and Thompson J: Experimental Study of Thermally Stratified Hot Water Storage Tanks. Solar Energy, 19, 519–524, 1977.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. 5.
    Cabelli A: Storage Tanks — A Numerical Experiment Solar Energy 19, 45–54, 1977.Google Scholar
  6. 6.
    Jaluria Y and Gupta SK: Decay of Thermal Stratification in a Water Body for Solar Energy Storage. Solar Energy, 28, 137–143, 1982.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    Guo KL and Wu ST: Numerical Study of Flow and Temperature Stratification in a Liquid Thermal Storage Tank. J. Heat Transfer, 107, 15–20, 1985.Google Scholar
  8. Nielsen CE: Nonconvective Salt-Gradient Solar Ponds. In Solar Energy Handbook (WC Dickinson and PN Cheremisinoff). Marcel Dekker, NY, 1979.Google Scholar
  9. 9.
    Tabor H: Solar Ponds. Solar Energy, 7, 189–194, 1963;Google Scholar
  10. Tabor H: Also, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc, London, A295, 423–433, 1988.Google Scholar
  11. 10.
    Elata C and Levin O: Hydraulics of the Solar Pond. Proc. 11th Cong. Int Assoc. Hyd. Res, Leningrad, USSR, 1965.Google Scholar
  12. 11.
    Zangrando F and Bryant HC: Heat Extraction from a Salt-Gradient Solar Pond. Proc. Int Conf. Alt Energy Sources, 6, Miami Beach, Hemisphere, 2935–2967, 1977.Google Scholar
  13. 12.
    Harris MJ and Wittenberg LJ: Heat Extraction from a Large Salt-Gradient Solar Pond, Rep TO-245–430. Proc. Solar Heating Cooling Systems Conf, Colorado Springs, 1979.Google Scholar
  14. 13.
    Cha CK and Jaluria Y: Recirculating Mixed Convection Flow for Energy Extraction. Int Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 27, 1801–1812, 1984.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. 14.
    Jaluria Y and Cha CK: Heat Rejection to the Surface Layer of a Solar Pond. J. Heat Transfer, 107, 99–1096, 1985.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  16. 15.
    Weinberger H: The Physics of the Solar Pond. Solar Energy, 8, 45–56, 1964.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. 16.
    Rabl A and Nielsen CE: Solar Ponds for Space Meeting. Solar Energy, 17, 1–12, 1975.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. 17.
    Hull JR: Computer Simulation of Solar Pond Thermal Behavior. Solar Energy, 25, 33–40, 1980.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. 18.
    Cengel YA and Ozisik MN: Solar Radiation Absorption in Solar Ponds. Solar Energy, 33, 581–591, 1984.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. 19.
    Lunde PD and Keinonen RS: Radiation Transmission Measurements for Solar Ponds. Solar Energy, 33, 237–240, 1984.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. 20.
    Joshi V and Kishore VVN: A Numerical Study of the Effects of Solar Attenuation Modelling on the Performance of Solar Ponds. Solar Energy, 35, 377–380, 1985.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. 21.
    Cha CK and Jaluria Y: Effect of Thermal Buoyancy on the Recirculating Flow in a Solar Pond for Energy Extraction and Heat Rejection. J. Solar Energy Engg, 106, 428–437, 1984b.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  23. 22.
    Moore FK and Jaluria Y: Thermal Effects of Power Plants on Lakes. ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, 94, 163–168, 1972CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. 23.
    Sundaram TR and Rehm RG: Effects of Thermal Discharges on the Stratification Cycle of Lakes. AIAA Journal, 10, 204–210, 1972.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  25. 24.
    Jaluria Y and Torrance KE: Computational Heat Transfer. Hemisphere Pub. Corp, NY, 1986.Google Scholar
  26. 25.
    Rubin H, Benedict BA and Bachn S: Modeling the Performance of a Solar Pond as a Source of Thermal Energy. Solar Energy, 32, 771–778, 1984.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  27. 26.
    Hull, JR: Solar Pond Ground Heat Loss to a Moving Water Table. Solar Energy, 35, 211–217, 1985.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. Miles JW: On the Stability of Heterogeneous Shear Flows. J. Fluid Mech, 10, 496–508, 1961MathSciNetMATHCrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. 28.
    Turner, JS: Buoyancy Effects in Fluids. Cambridge Univ. Press, UK, 1971Google Scholar
  30. 29.
    Zangrando F: Heat and Mass Extraction from Solar Ponds: Analysis and Development of a Laboratory Facility. Solar Energy Research Institute, Colorado, Rep. SERI/RR-252–1569, 1982.Google Scholar
  31. 30.
    Wittenberg LJ and Etter DE: Heat Extraction from a Large Solar Pond, ASME Paper No. 82-WA/SOL-31, 1982.Google Scholar
  32. 31.
    Sabetta F, Pacetti M and Principi P: An Internal Heat Extraction System for Solar Ponds. Solar Energy, 34, 297–302, 1985.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  33. 32.
    Jaluria Y: Heat Rejection and Energy Extraction Within Solar Ponds. Solar Energy Research Institute, Golden, Colorado, REP SERI/RR-252–1393, 1982.Google Scholar
  34. 33.
    Zangrando F: Observations and Analysis of a Full-Scale Experimental Salt Gradient Solar Pond. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 1979.Google Scholar
  35. 34.
    Wang, WJ and Lee CP: Dynamic Response of Solar Heat Storage Systems. ASME Winter Annual Meeting, New York, ASME Paper No. 74-WA/HT-22, 1974.Google Scholar
  36. 35.
    Gupta SK and Jaluria Y: An Experimental and Analytical Study of Thermal Stratification in an Enclosed Water Region Due to Thermal Energy Discharge. Energy Conversion, 22, 63–70, 1982.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  37. 36.
    Kaushik ND and Rao SK: Constant Flow Solar Pond Collector/Storage System. Energy Research, 7, 61–79, 1983.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  38. 37.
    Jaluria Y: Natural Convection Heat and Mass Transfer, Chap. 2. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1980.Google Scholar
  39. 38.
    Jaluria Y and O’Mara BT: Thermal Field in a Water Body Due to a Buoyant Two-Dimensional Surface Water Jet. ASME Paper No. 84-HT-68, 1984.Google Scholar
  40. Peaceman DW and Rachford HH: The Numerical Solution of Parabolic and Elliptic Differential Equations. J. Soc. Ind. Appl. Math, 3, 28–41, 1955.MathSciNetMATHGoogle Scholar
  41. 40.
    Koh RCY: Two-Dimensional Surface Warm Jets. ASCE J. Hyd. Div, 97, 819–836, 1971.Google Scholar
  42. 4L.
    Wada A: A Study on Phenomena of Flow and Thermal Diffusion Caused by Outfall Cooling Water. Proc. 10th Conf. Coastal Eng, 2, 1389–1411, 1967.Google Scholar
  43. 42.
    Jirka GH, Abraham G and Harleman DRF: An Assessment of Techniques for Hydrothermal Prediction, Rep No. B250509, US Nat Tech. Inf. Ser, 1975.Google Scholar
  44. 43.
    Raphael JM: Prediction of Temperature in Rivers and Reservoirs. ASCE J. Power Div, Vol. 88, 157–181, 1962.Google Scholar
  45. 44.
    Edinger JE, Duttweiler DW and Geyer JC: The Response of Water Temperatures to Meteorological Conditions. Water Resources Res, Vol 5, 1137–1143, 1968.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  46. 45.
    Meyer KA: One Dimensional Model of the Dynamic Layer Behavior in a Salt-Gradient Solar Pond. Los Alamos Lab, Rep. No. LA-UR-81–987, 1981.Google Scholar
  47. 46.
    Oberkampf WL and Crow LI: Numerical Study of the Velocity and Temperature Fields in a Flow Through a Reservoir. J. Heat Transfer, 98, 353–359, 1976.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  48. 47.
    Gosman AD, Pun WM, Runchal AK, Spalding DB and Wolfshtein M: Heat and Mass Transfer in Recirculating Flows. Academic Press, London, UK, 1969.Google Scholar
  49. 48.
    Patankar SV: Numerical Methods in Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow, Chap. 6, Hemisphere, Washington DC, 1980.Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Kluwer Academic Publishers 1989

Authors and Affiliations

  • Yogesh Jaluria
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickUSA

Personalised recommendations