Moisture cross-linkable silane-modified polyolefins

  • D. Munteanu
Chapter

Abstract

Polyolefins (POs) are the largest-volume family of commercially important high-tonnage thermoplastic polymers (about 60% share in thermoplastics in 1995). Polyethylene (PE) forms the major tonnage of plastics material worldwide whereas polypropylene (PP) enjoys the fastest growing rates of production. The emerging catalysts and technologies extend the properties and application limits of POs beyond those traditionally accepted for these resins to compete with other commodity thermoplastics, elastomers and engineering resins.

Keywords

Graft Copolymer Reactive Modifier Chemical Abstract Japanese Patent Ethyl Acrylate 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. 1.
    Ager, M.S. (1989) Polymer Science Dictionary, Elsevier Applied Science, London.Google Scholar
  2. 2.
    Whitely, K.S., Heggs, T. G., Koch, H. et al (1992) Polyolefins, in Ullman’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Vol. A21 (eds B. Elvers, S. Hawkins and G. Schulz), VCH Publishers, New York, pp. 487–577.Google Scholar
  3. 3.
    Dole, M. (1981) Journal of Macromolecular Science-Chemistry, A15, 1403.Google Scholar
  4. 4.
    Dole, M. (1986) The History of the crosslinking of polyolefins, in History of Polyolefins (eds R.B. Seymour and T. Cheng), Reidel, Dortdrecht, pp. 71–86.Google Scholar
  5. 5.
    Munteanu, D. (1985) Moisture-crosslinkable silane-grafted polyolefins, in Metal-containing Polymeric Systems (eds J.E. Sheats, C.E. Carraher Jr and C.U. Pittman Jr), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 479–509.Google Scholar
  6. 6.
    Sultan, B.A. and Palmlöf, M. (1992) Advances in crosslinking technology, in Proceedings of Polyethylene-The 1990s and Beyond, London, May 19–20, 1992, Plastics and Rubber Institute, London, paper S4B/3/1–14.Google Scholar
  7. 7.
    Sultan, B.A. and Palmlöf, M. (1994) Plastics, Rubber and Composites Processing and Applications, 21, 65.Google Scholar
  8. 7a.
    Chodok, I. (1995) Progress in Polymer Science, 20, 1165.Google Scholar
  9. 8.
    Lyons, B.J. (1983) P RI Poly ethylenes 1933–1983, Plastics and Rubber Institute, London.Google Scholar
  10. 9.
    Patal, S. and Rappopert, Z. (eds) (1989) The Chemistry of Organic Silicon Compounds, parts I and II, Interscience, New York.Google Scholar
  11. 10.
    Armitage, D.A. (1982) Organosilanes, in Comprehensive Organometallic Chemistry, vol. 2, Pergamon Press, New York, pp. 237–98.Google Scholar
  12. 11.
    Scott, H.G. (1968)US Patent, 3646 155 (to Midland Silicones).Google Scholar
  13. 12.
    Scott, H.G. (1972)British Patent, 1286 460 (to Dow Corning Ltd.).Google Scholar
  14. 13.
    Scott, H.G. and Humphries, J.F. (1973) Modern Plastics, 50, 82.Google Scholar
  15. 14.
    Thomas, B. and Bowrey, M. (1977) Wire Journal, 10, 88.Google Scholar
  16. 15.
    Swarbrick, P., Green, W.J. and Maillefer, C. (1974) US Patent, 4117 145 (to Maillefer SA and BICC Ltd).Google Scholar
  17. 16.
    Swarbrick, P, Green, W.J. and Maillefer, C. (1978) British Patent, 1526 398 (to Maillefer SA and BICC Ltd).Google Scholar
  18. 17.
    Maillefer, C. (1979) Technical paper, Proceedings of the Regional Technical Conference of the Society of Plastic Engineers, on New Thermoset Developments, Wire Cable Insulation, June 19–20, 1979, Society of Plastic Engineers, London, pp. 12–24.Google Scholar
  19. 17a.
    Gross, L.H. (1988) Wire Journal International, 21, 59.Google Scholar
  20. 18.
    Isaka, T., Ishioka, M., Shimada, T. and Inone, T. (1981) US Patent, 4413 066 (to Mitsubishi Petrochemical Co. Ltd).Google Scholar
  21. 19.
    Zutty, V. (1965) US Patent, 3 225 018.Google Scholar
  22. 20.
    Donaldson, C. (1968) US Patent, 3 392 156.Google Scholar
  23. 21.
    Eagles, D.C. (1990) Wire Technology International, 18, 15.Google Scholar
  24. 22.
    Eagles, D.C. (1992) Ethylene vinyl silane copolymers-applications/trends/markets in Canada and the USA, in Proceedings of SP ’92 Polyethylene World Congress, Zürich, December 7–9, 1992, Maach Business Services, Zürich, paper IV-3.1–15.Google Scholar
  25. 22a.
    Samoilov, S.H. (1981) Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Applied Polymer Symposia, 36, 41.Google Scholar
  26. 23.
    Voigt, H.U. (1976) Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe, 29, 17.Google Scholar
  27. 24.
    Kertscher, M.E. (1978) Revue Général Caoutchoucs et Plastiques, 55, 67.Google Scholar
  28. 25.
    Woods, F. and Wouters, G. (1981) Moisture-curable silane-grafted ethylene-propylene elastomers, in Proceedings of Rubbercon ’81, International Rubber Conference, Harrogate, 1981, Plastics and Rubber Institute, London, paper C.6.1–13.Google Scholar
  29. 26.
    Narkis, M., Tzur, A., Vaxman, A. and Fritz, H.G. (1985) Polymer Engineering Science 25, 13.Google Scholar
  30. 27.
    Gazel, A., Lemaire, J., Larenson, P. and Roche, G. (1985) Makromoleculare Chemie, 6, 235.Google Scholar
  31. 28.
    Gale, G.M. (1984) Proceedings of ANTEC 1984, Society of Plastic Engineers, CT, 1984, pp. 2–14.Google Scholar
  32. 29.
    Sorio, A. and Gale, G.M. (1985) Moisture crosslinkable polyolefins, in Proceedings of International Conference, Plastics and Rubber Institute, London, 1985, Plastics and Rubber Institute, London, paper 27.1–12.Google Scholar
  33. 30.
    Dave, B. (1988) in Handbook of Elastomers-New Developments and Technology (eds A.K. Bhowmick and H.L. Stephen), Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 109–134.Google Scholar
  34. 31.
    Cartasegna, S. (1986) Rubber Chemistry and Technology, 59, 722.Google Scholar
  35. 32.
    Cartasegna, S. (1986) Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe, 39, 1186.Google Scholar
  36. 33.
    Sen, A.K., Mukherjee, B., Bhattacharyya, A.S. et al. (1992) Journal of Applied Polymer Science 44, 1153.Google Scholar
  37. 34.
    Wong, W.K. and Varrall, D.C. (1994) Polymer, 35, 5447.Google Scholar
  38. 35.
    Anderlik, R. and Fritz, H.G. (1992) International Polymer Processing, 7, 212.Google Scholar
  39. 36.
    Anderlik, R. and Fritz, H.G. (1992) Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe, 45, 527.Google Scholar
  40. 37.
    Anderlik, R. (1993) Proceedings of the 13th Stuttgard Kunststoffe Kolloqium (eds P. Eyerer and H.G. Fritz), Huethig Verlag, Heidelberg, pp. 243–53.Google Scholar
  41. 38.
    Fritz, H.G. and Anderlik, R. (1993) Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe, 46, 374.Google Scholar
  42. 39.
    Bullen, D.J, Capaccio, G. and Frye, C.J. (1989) British Polymer Journal, 21, 117.Google Scholar
  43. 40.
    Hjertberg, T., Palmlöf, M. and Sultan, B.A. (1991) Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 42, 1185.Google Scholar
  44. 41.
    Palmlöf, M., Hjertberg, T. and Sultan, B.A. (1991) Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 42, 1193.Google Scholar
  45. 42.
    Sultan, B.A. (1994) Moisture crosslinkable polyethylene with improved processing and crosslinking performance, in Proceedings of the 43rd International Wire and Cable Symposium, pp. 460–67.Google Scholar
  46. 43.
    Smith, K.A. (1986) Journal of Organic Chemistry, 51, 3827.Google Scholar
  47. 44.
    Smith, K.A. (1987) Macromolecules, 20, 2514.Google Scholar
  48. 45.
    Toynbee, J. (1994) Polymer, 32, 439.Google Scholar
  49. 46.
    Hindmarch, R.S. and Gale, G.M. (1985) Silane moisture curing: a one-shot extrusion process using the cavity transfer mixer, in Proceedings of the ACS Meeting, Rubber Division, Cleveland, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, paper 25.Google Scholar
  50. 46a.
    Gale, G.M. (1988) Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 2, 17.Google Scholar
  51. 47.
    Hüls, A.G. (1990) Application of Organofunctional Silanes DYNASYLAN, technical brochure, August, Marl, Germany.Google Scholar
  52. 48.
    Esso Chemicals, (1982) VISTALON Ethylene-Propylene Elastomers Silane Grafted Moisture Curable, technical brochure, Esso Chemicals, Machklen, Belgium.Google Scholar
  53. 49.
    Ebara, K, Okada, M. and Nakajima, Y. (1995) Japanese Patent, 07–41 610 (to Furukawa Electric Co. Ltd).Google Scholar
  54. 50.
    Munteanu, D. (1987) Polyolefin stabilisation by grafting, in Developments in Polymer Stabilisation-8 (ed. G. Scott), Elsevier Applied Science, London, pp. 179–208.Google Scholar
  55. 51.
    Al-Malaika, S. (1995) Towards more efficient and safe antioxidants. Paper presented at the Fourth International Conference, Additives ’95, February 22–24, 1995, Clearwater Beach, FL.Google Scholar
  56. 52.
    Munteanu, D. (1989) Synthesis and performance of polymeric antioxidants, in Proceedings of the 11th Annual International Conference on Advances in the Stabilization and Controlled Degradation of Polymers, Luzern, May 24–26, 1989, Institute of Materials, State University of New York, New Platz, NY, pp. 143–61.Google Scholar
  57. 53.
    Fuzessery, S. (1992) High pressure functional co-/terpolymers and post reactor modified resins, in Proceedings of SP ’92 Polyethylene World Congress, Zurich, December 7–9, 1992, Maack Business Services, Zürich, paper IV-4.1–26.Google Scholar
  58. 54.
    van Oijen, R. (1995) Functionality in polyethylene resin applications, in Proceedings of the 11th Annual World Congress Specialty Plastics SP ’95, Zürich, December 13–15, 1995, Maack Business Series, Zürich, paper 1–3.1–10.Google Scholar
  59. 55.
    Klimetsch, R.G. (1992) The future of the high pressure process, in Proceedings of Polyethylene-The 1990s and Beyond, London, May 19–20, 1992, Plastics and Rubber Institute, London, paper S2A/1/1–5.Google Scholar
  60. 56.
    Eagles, C. D. (1994) Canadian Patent, 2076 249 (to A.T. Plastics Inc.).Google Scholar
  61. 57.
    Sarma, H. (1994) Canadian Patent, 2084 361 (to A.T. Plastics Inc.).Google Scholar
  62. 58.
    Sen, A.K., Mukherjee, B., Bhattacharyya, A.S. et al (1993) Journal of Thermal Analysis, 39, 887.Google Scholar
  63. 59.
    Sen, A.K., Mukherjee, B., Bhattacharyya, A.S. et al (1992) Polymer Degradation and Stability, 36, 281.Google Scholar
  64. 60.
    Prigent, M., Assier, J.C., Chaille, A. and Delaunois, G. (1995) European Patent Application, 652 251 (to Cableries de Lens).Google Scholar
  65. 61.
    Schumacher, J. (1994) Polyethylene Overview-Marketing Research Report, Chemical Economics Handbook, SRI International, Mailo Park, CA.Google Scholar
  66. 62.
    McGraw-Hill (1996) Resins special report, Modern Plastics International, 73, January, 41.Google Scholar
  67. 63.
    Champion, T.C., Agostinelly, F., Marciano, F. and Roseveor, R.D. (1993) Short-term and Long-term Testing Program on 230 kV XLPE Cable System, in Power Cables and Accessories 10kV-500kV, IEE Conference Publications, pp. 108–12.Google Scholar
  68. 64.
    Faremo, H., Lillevic, O., Ildstad, E. and Turheim, A. (1993) Endurance testing of crosslinked PE cable insulation at extra high a.c. voltages, in Power Cable and Accessories 10kV-500kV, IEE Conference Publications, pp. 169–73.Google Scholar
  69. 65.
    Franz, P. (1991) Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe, 44, 566.Google Scholar
  70. 66.
    Vogt, H. (1992) Kunststoffe, 82, 830.Google Scholar
  71. 67.
    Thorburn, B. (1994) Crosslinking techniques for electrical jacketing materials, in 52nd Annual Technical Conference-Society of Plastic Engineers, (vol. 2), pp. 1379–85.Google Scholar
  72. 68.
    Thorburn, B. (1994) Wire Journal International, 27, 72.Google Scholar
  73. 69.
    Shaikevitch, A. and Haridoss, S. (1994) Chemical nature of water trees in crosslinked ethylene vinylsilane copolymer, in Conference Recordings of the IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulations, 1994, pp. 360–3.Google Scholar
  74. 70.
    Myawaki, K. (1994) Japanese Patent, 248 088 (to Sumitomo Bakelite Co.)Google Scholar
  75. Myawaki, K. (1995) Chemical Abstracts, 122, 115 87.Google Scholar
  76. 71.
    Myawaki, K. (1994) Japanese Patent, 248 089 (to Sumitomo Bakelite Co.)Google Scholar
  77. Myawaki, K. (1995) Chemical Abstracts, 122, 162 526.Google Scholar
  78. 72.
    Nakajima, Y. and Okada, M. (1995) Japanese Patent, 157 568 (to Furukawa Electric Co.)Google Scholar
  79. Nakajima, Y. and Okada, M. (1995) Chemical Abstracts, 123, 114 801.Google Scholar
  80. 73.
    Matsumoto, Y. (1995)Japanese Patent, 62 253 (to Sumitomo Electric Industries)Google Scholar
  81. Matsumoto, Y. (1995) Chemical Abstracts 122, 31 6626.Google Scholar
  82. 74.
    Gan, Y., Keegh, M.J., Leech, J.R. and McGee, H.E. (1994) US Patent, 5 367030 (to Union Carbide).Google Scholar
  83. 75.
    Ulren, L. and Hjertberg, T. (1989) Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 37, 1269.Google Scholar
  84. 76.
    Ulren, L, Hjertberg, T. and Ishid, H. (1990) Journal of Adhesion, 31, 117.Google Scholar
  85. 77.
    Sano, M., Mikamo, H. and Kitamura, K. (1994) Japanese Patent 330 497 (to Honshu Paper Co., Misubishi Petrochemical Co.)Google Scholar
  86. Sano, M., Mikamo, H. and Kitamura, K. (1995) Chemical Abstracts, 122, 217012.Google Scholar
  87. 78.
    Kitamura, K. and Deguchi, J. (1994) Japanese Patent, 271 619 (to Mitsubishi Petrochemical Co.)Google Scholar
  88. Kitamura, K. and Deguchi, J. (1995) Chemical Abstracts, 122, 82382.Google Scholar
  89. 79.
    Ikeda, H., Enomoto, S. and Goto, Y. (1995) Japanese Patent, 80 991 (to Sekisui Chemical Co.)Google Scholar
  90. Ikeda, H., Enomoto, S. and Goto, Y. (1995) Chemical Abstracts, 123, 230 728.Google Scholar
  91. 80.
    Kobayashi, K, Maruyama, T. and Watanabe, M. (1994) Japanese Patent, 210 796 (to Sekisui Chemical Co.)Google Scholar
  92. Kobayashi, K, Maruyama, T. and Watanabe, M. (1995) Chemical Abstracts, 122, 58 382.Google Scholar
  93. 81.
    Takematsu, T. and Shiobara, T. (1995) Japanese Patent, 159 557 (to Sekisui Chemical Co.)Google Scholar
  94. Takematsu, T. and Shiobara, T. (1995) Chemical Abstracts, 122, 12 233.Google Scholar
  95. 82.
    Enomoto, S, Yasushi, Y. and Ikeda, H. (1994) Japanese Patent, 166 118 (to Sikisui Chemical Co.)Google Scholar
  96. Enomoto, S, Yasushi, Y. and Ikeda, H. (1995) Chemical Abstracts, 122, 58 343.Google Scholar
  97. 83.
    Nakamura, M. (1995) Japanese Patent, 96 30 (to Sekisui Chemical Co.)Google Scholar
  98. Nakamura, M. (1995)Chemical Abstracts, 123, 201 289.Google Scholar
  99. 84.
    Fukushima, H, Kakemura, T, Takasaki, T. and Kato, S. (1994) Japanese Patent, 71 882 (to Toppan Printing Co.)Google Scholar
  100. Fukushima, H, Kakemura, T, Takasaki, T. and Kato, S. (1994) Chemical Abstracts, 121, 85 307.Google Scholar
  101. 85.
    Kitagawa, M, Shunichi, S, Sudo, K. and Mori, M. (1995) Japanese Patent 164 607 (to Mitsubishi Kagaku Kk.)Google Scholar
  102. Kitagawa, M, Shunichi, S, Sudo, K. and Mori, M. (1995) Chemical Abstracts, 123, 230 884.Google Scholar
  103. 86.
    Yokoi, S. and Takahane, Y. (1994) Japanese Patent, 345 891 (to Sekisui Chemical Co.)Google Scholar
  104. Yokoi, S. and Takahane, Y. (1995) Chemical Abstracts, 122, 241 945.Google Scholar
  105. 87.
    Nakamura, M. (1995)Japanese Patent, 3037 (to Sekisui Chemical Co.)Google Scholar
  106. Nakamura, M. (1995) Chemical Abstracts, 122, 316 489.Google Scholar
  107. 88.
    Kobayashi, T, Miyazaki, K. and Nakamura, M. (1995) European Patent Applications, 646 622 (to Sikisui Chemical Co.)Google Scholar
  108. Kobayashi, T, Miyazaki, K. and Nakamura, M. (1995) Chemical Abstracts, 123, 201 311.Google Scholar
  109. 89.
    Atkinson, J.R. and Cicek, R.Z. (1983) Biomaterials, 4, 267.Google Scholar
  110. 90.
    Atkinson, J.R. and Cicek, R.Z. (1984) Biomaterials, 5, 326.Google Scholar
  111. 91.
    Fritz, H.G, Anderlik, R, Singvogel, A. and Heider, M. (1995) German Patent, 4 404 041 (to Willy Ruesch A.G.).Google Scholar
  112. 92.
    Prejean, G.W. (1994) US Patent, 5 350 803 (to du Pont de Nemours).Google Scholar
  113. 93.
    Park, S.K., Park, H.S. and Choi, S.Y. (1992) Komu Hakhoechi, 27, 255Google Scholar
  114. Park, S.K., Park, H.S. and Choi, S.Y. (1994) Chemical Abstracts, 121, 181617.Google Scholar
  115. 94.
    Tojo, T, Uchiumi, A. and Yoshiaki, Y. (1994) Japanese Patent, 87 994 (to Mitsui Petrochemical Ltd)Google Scholar
  116. Tojo, T, Uchiumi, A. and Yoshiaki, Y. (1994) Chemical Abstracts, 121, 59520.Google Scholar
  117. 95.
    Bader, H.G, Schnell, H.F.E, Gäritz, D. et al (1992) Journal of Materials Science, 27, 4726.Google Scholar
  118. 96.
    Lewis, J.T, Collins, D. and Malani, C. (1969) British Patent, 1 139 248 (to Dow Corning Co.).Google Scholar
  119. 97.
    Lundquist, M. and Laundal, J.O. (1994) PCT International Application, 94 06 848 (to Norsk Hydro)Google Scholar
  120. Lundquist, M. and Laundal, J.O. (1995) Chemical Abstracts, 122, 241358.Google Scholar
  121. 98.
    Saarn, J.C. and Thomas, B. (1973) British Patent, 1 485 263 (to Dow Corning Co.).Google Scholar
  122. 99.
    Fujikura Cable Works Ltd, (1980) Japanese Patent, 65 854Google Scholar
  123. Fujikura Cable Works Ltd, (1981) Chemical Abstracts, 94, 209 757.Google Scholar
  124. 100.
    Fujikura Cable Works Ltd, (1982) Japanese Patent, 96 048Google Scholar
  125. Fujikura Cable Works Ltd, (1982) Chemical Abstracts, 97, 183070Google Scholar
  126. 101.
    Fujikura Cable Works Ltd, (1982) Japanese Patent, 96 049Google Scholar
  127. Fujikura Cable Works Ltd, (1982) Chemical Abstracts, 97, 183071Google Scholar
  128. 102.
    Fujikura Cable Works Ltd, (1982) Japanese Patent, 87 438Google Scholar
  129. Fujikura Cable Works Ltd, (1982) Chemical Abstracts, 97, 199 068.Google Scholar
  130. 103.
    Schätz, M, Kelnar, I. and Vysoky, J. (1987) German Patent, 3 719 151.Google Scholar
  131. 104.
    Kelnar, I. and Schätz, M. (1993) Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 48, 657.Google Scholar
  132. 105.
    Kelnar, I. and Schätz, M. (1993) Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 48, 669.Google Scholar
  133. 106.
    Yamamoto, T, Inada, H, Isozaki, S. and Okawara, M. (1994) Reactive Polymers, 22, 139.Google Scholar
  134. 107.
    Saito, E, Nioshimura, M. and Fukazawa, H. (1976) Japanese Patent, 132 260Google Scholar
  135. Saito, E, Nioshimura, M. and Fukazawa, H. (1977) Chemical Abstracts, 86, 91260.Google Scholar
  136. 108.
    Hayashi, T. (1978) Japanese Patent, 21 249Google Scholar
  137. Hayashi, T. (1978) Chemical Abstracts, 89, 75 893.Google Scholar
  138. 109.
    Hayashi, H. (1982) Japanese Patent, 25 347Google Scholar
  139. Hayashi, H. (1982) Chemical Abstracts, 97, 24693.Google Scholar
  140. 110.
    Tatsuda Electric Wire and Cable Co, (1985) Japanese Patent, 42 429Google Scholar
  141. Tatsuda Electric Wire and Cable Co, (1985) Chemical Abstracts, 103, 72285.Google Scholar
  142. 111.
    Hasue, T. and Yamane, K. (1986) Japanese Patent, 43 848Google Scholar
  143. Hasue, T. and Yamane, K. (1987) Chemical Abstracts, 107, 8477.Google Scholar
  144. 112.
    Yujimoto, S. and Kawabuko, F. (1986) Japanese Patent, 240 975Google Scholar
  145. Yujimoto, S. and Kawabuko, F. (1988) Chemical Abstracts, 109, 111 558.Google Scholar
  146. 113.
    Kelnar, I. (1994) Polymer Networks Blends, 4, 133.Google Scholar
  147. 114.
    Modern Plastics International (1992) 69 (December), 58.Google Scholar
  148. 115.
    Modern Plastics International (1994) 71 (June), 86.Google Scholar
  149. 116.
    Dahl, R. and Rogestedt, M. (1993) Cable compounds of silane-crosslinkable PVC, in Proceedings of the 42nd International Wire and Cable Symposium, 1993, pp. 87–96.Google Scholar
  150. 117.
    Asanuma, T. (1994) Japanese Patent, 116 332 (to Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals)Google Scholar
  151. Asanuma, T. (1994) Chemical Abstracts 121, 281 900.Google Scholar
  152. 118.
    Asanuma, T. (1994) Japanese Patent, 172 569 (to Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals)Google Scholar
  153. Asanuma, T. (1995) Chemical Abstracts, 122, 134 172.Google Scholar
  154. 119.
    Asanuma, T. (1994) Japanese Patent, 184 338 (to Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals)Google Scholar
  155. Asanuma, T. (1995) Chemical Abstracts, 122, 134 176.Google Scholar
  156. 120.
    Asanuma, T. (1994) Japanese Patent, 200 088 (to Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals)Google Scholar
  157. Asanuma, T. (1995) Chemicals Abstracts, 122, 11 553.Google Scholar
  158. 121.
    Sugimoto, R. and Ooe, T. (1994) Japanese Patent, 287 314 (to Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals)Google Scholar
  159. Sugimoto, R. and Ooe, T. (1995) Chemical Abstracts, 122, 267 376.Google Scholar
  160. 122.
    Asanuma, T. and Yamamoto, K. (1994) Japanese Patent, 65 388 (to Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals)Google Scholar
  161. Asanuma, T. and Yamamoto, K. (1994) Chemical Abstracts, 121, 58 891.Google Scholar
  162. 123.
    Asanuma, T. (1994) Japanese Patent, 65389 (to Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals)Google Scholar
  163. Asanuma, T. (1994) Chemical Abstracts, 121, 58 892.Google Scholar
  164. 124.
    Asanuma, T. (1994) Japanese Patent, 57 009 (to Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals)Google Scholar
  165. Asanuma, T. (1994) Chemical Abstracts, 121, 37 320.Google Scholar
  166. 125.
    Asanuma, T. (1994) Japanese Patent, 73 193 (to Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals)Google Scholar
  167. Asanuma, T. (1994) Chemical Abstracts, 121, 58 877.Google Scholar
  168. 126.
    Asanuma, T. (1994) Japanese Patent, 73 194 (to Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals)Google Scholar
  169. Asanuma, T. (1994) Chemical Abstracts, 121, 10311.Google Scholar
  170. 127.
    Asanuma, T., Yamamoto, K. and Kawanishi, K. (1994) Japanese Patent, 116 394 (to Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals)Google Scholar
  171. Asanuma, T., Yamamoto, K. and Kawanishi, K. (1994) Chemical Abstracts, 121, 135 082.Google Scholar
  172. 128.
    Asanuma, T. (1995) Japanese Patent, 62 107 (to Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals)Google Scholar
  173. Asanuma, T. (1995) Chemical Abstracts, 123, 10 303.Google Scholar
  174. 129.
    Asanuma, T. and Sunaga, T. (1995) Japanese Patent, 62 108 (to Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals)Google Scholar
  175. Asanuma, T. and Sunaga, T. (1995) Chemical Abstracts, 123, 145 036.Google Scholar
  176. 130.
    Asanuma, T. (1995) Japanese Patent, 113 012 (to Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals)Google Scholar
  177. Asanuma, T. (1995) Chemical Abstracts, 123, 56 910.Google Scholar
  178. 131.
    Asanuma, T. (1995) Japanese Patent, 138 380 (to Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals)Google Scholar
  179. Asanuma, T. (1995) Chemical Abstracts, 123, 84 969.Google Scholar
  180. 132.
    Asanuma, T. and Yamamoto, K. (1993) Japanese Patent, 202 194 (to Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals)Google Scholar
  181. Asanuma, T. and Yamamoto, K. (1994) Chemical Abstracts, 120, 31 617.Google Scholar
  182. 133.
    Asanuma, T. (1993) Japanese Patent, 203 535 (to Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals)Google Scholar
  183. Asanuma, T. (1994) Chemical Abstracts, 120, 10 504.Google Scholar
  184. 134.
    Asanuma, T. and Yamamoto, K. (1993) Japanese Patent, 230 250 (to Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals)Google Scholar
  185. Asanuma, T. and Yamamoto, K. (1994) Chemical Abstracts, 120, 55 874.Google Scholar
  186. 135.
    Asanuma, T. (1993) Japanese Patent, 262 891 (to Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals)Google Scholar
  187. Asanuma, T. (1994) Chemical Abstracts, 120, 79 127.Google Scholar
  188. 136.
    Asanuma, T. (1993) Japanese Patent, 287 085 (to Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals)Google Scholar
  189. Asanuma, T. (1994) Chemical Abstracts, 120, 166 450.Google Scholar
  190. 137.
    Asanuma, T. and Yamamoto, K. (1993) European Patent Applications, 549 372 (to Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals)Google Scholar
  191. Asanuma, T. and Yamamoto, K. (1994) Chemical Abstracts, 120, 108 113.Google Scholar
  192. 138.
    Asanuma, T. and Kawanishi, K. (1993) Japanese Patent, 156 033 (to Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals)Google Scholar
  193. Asanuma, T. and Kawanishi, K. (1994) Chemical Abstracts, 120, 10 089.Google Scholar
  194. 139.
    Ito, K. (1993) Graft copolymer synthesis, in Chemical Industrial Macromonomers (ed Y. Yamashita), Huethig & Wepf, Basel, pp. 70–93.Google Scholar
  195. 140.
    Tsuda, T. and Nakanishi, K. (1993) Industrial development of graft copolymers, in Chemical Industrial Macromonomers (ed Y. Yamashita), Huethig & Wepf, Basel, pp. 335–72.Google Scholar
  196. 141.
    Xu, G. and Lin, S. (1994) Reviews in Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, C34, 555.Google Scholar
  197. 142.
    Ishino, I., Kitagawa, M. and Ozeki, J. (1993) Japanese Patent, 170 828 (to Mitsubishi Petrochemical Co.)Google Scholar
  198. Ishino, I., Kitagawa, M. and Ozeki, J. (1994) Chemical Abstracts, 120, 55 314.Google Scholar
  199. 143.
    Ishino, I. and Kitagawa, M. (1993) Japanese Patent, 170 938 (to Mitsubishi Petrochemical Co.)Google Scholar
  200. Ishino, I. and Kitagawa, M. (1994) Chemical Abstracts, 120, 56 267.Google Scholar
  201. 144.
    Iskino, I. and Kitagawa, M. (1993) Japanese Patent, 174 639 (to Mitsubishi Petrochemical Co.)Google Scholar
  202. Iskino, I. and Kitagawa, M. (1994) Chemical Abstracts, 120, 180166.Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Chapman & Hall 1997

Authors and Affiliations

  • D. Munteanu

There are no affiliations available

Personalised recommendations