Chemistry: The Key to our Sustainable Future pp 293-309 | Cite as
An Assessment of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Ganga Water Using Multivariate Analysis
Abstract
An extensive investigation of the physico-chemical parameters of water samples of Ganga river, surface water, treated water and ground water at Kanpur during pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons of India is presented. Correlation coefficients were calculated between different pairs of parameters to identify the highly correlated and interrelated water quality parameters and t-test was carried out for checking significance. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was done to ascertain the parameters responsible for variability in water quality variance. Multiple linear regression analysis is also discussed.
Keywords
Total Dissolve Solid Suspended Solid Monsoon Season Total Alkalinity Water Quality IndexNotes
Acknowledgement
ST is grateful to Dr. Pervez E. Dean, Principal Christ Church College, Kanpur for his encouragement throughout the work.
References
- 1.Sinha UK (1986) Ganga pollution and health hazard. Inter–India Publication, New DelhiGoogle Scholar
- 2.Mehrotra MN (1990) The role of sediments in environmental pollution. A case study of the Ganga at Varanasi. J Indian Assoc Sedimentol 9:1–14Google Scholar
- 3.Sinha AK, Singh VP, Srivastava K (2000) Physico-chemical studies on river Ganga and its tributaries in Uttar Pradesh – the present status. In: Trivedi RK (ed) Pollution and biomonitoring of Indian rivers. ABD Publ, Jaipur, pp 1–29Google Scholar
- 4.Bhandari NS, Nayal K (2008) Correlation study on physico-chemical parameters and quality assessment of Kosi river water. Uttarakhand. J Chem 2:342–346Google Scholar
- 5.Kaur S, Joshi BD (2003) Seasonal variation of some physico-chemical parameters of river Ganga in and around Haridwar. Him J Zool 17:45–55Google Scholar
- 6.(a) Zafar A, Sultana N (2008) Seasonal analysis in the water quality of the river Ganga. J Curr Sci 12:210–217; (b) Trivedi P, Bajpai A, Thareja S (2009) Ganga river at Kanpur by using correlation study. Nat Sci 1:91–94Google Scholar
- 7.(a) Saffran K (2001) Canadian water quality guidelines for the protection aquatic life, CCME water quality Index. Users manual Excerpt from Publication No.1299:ISBN1-896997-34; (b) Trivedi P, Bajpai A, Thareja S (2010) Comparative study of seasonal variation in physico-chemical characteristics in drinking water quality of Kanpur, India with reference to 200 MLD filtration plant and ground water. Nat Sci 8:11–17Google Scholar
- 8.(a) Praus P (2006) Water quality assessment using SVD-based principal component analysis of hydrological data. Water SA 31:417–422; (b) Thareja S, Choudhury S, Trivedi P (2011) Assessment of water quality of Ganga river in Kanpur by using principal components analysis. Adv Appl Sci Res 2:84–91Google Scholar
- 9.Agarwal A, Saxena M (2011) Assessment of pollution by physico-chemical water parameters using regression analysis: a case study of Ganga River at Moradabad. Adv Appl Sci Res 2:185–189Google Scholar
- 10.Sneyers R, Vandiepenbeeck M, Vanlierde R (1989) Principal component analysis of Belgian rainfall. Theor Appl Climatol 39:199–204CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 11.Lohani BN, Todino G (1984) Water quality index of Chao Phraya river. J Environ Eng 11:1163–1176CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 12.Shihab AS (1993) Application of multivariate methods in the interpertation of water quality monitoring data of Saddam Dam Reservior. Confidential, The Social Research and Development Center (SRDC), Mousal UniversityGoogle Scholar
- 13.(1998) Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water, 20th edn. APHA/AWWA/WEF, Washington, DCGoogle Scholar
- 14.Vogel AI (1978) A text book of quantitative inorganic analysis including elementary instrumental analysis, 4th edn. The English Language Book Society and Longmans Green Co Ltd., London (a) p 837 (b) p 328–329 (c) pp 504–506Google Scholar
- 15.(a) World Health Organization (1993) Guidelines for drinking water quality. I. Recommendations, 2nd edn. Geneva www.lenntech.com/drinking-water-standards.htm; (b) SPSS Advanced Models 12.0, http://www.spss.com
- 16.BIS:10500 (1991) Guidelines for drinking water quality standards. Bureau of Indian Standards, New DelhiGoogle Scholar
- 17.Bhoi DK, Raj DS, Mehta YM, Chauhan MB, Machhar MT (2005) Physico-chemical analysis of bore wells drinking water of Nadiad territory. Asian J Chem 17:404–408Google Scholar
- 18.Singh MR, Beeteswari KH, Gupta A (2009) Water quality status of the Iril River, Manipur. J Curr Sci 14:173–180Google Scholar