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Metallomics and the Cell pp 241–278Cite as

The Iron Metallome in Eukaryotic Organisms

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Part of the book series: Metal Ions in Life Sciences ((MILS,volume 12))

Abstract

This chapter is focused on the iron metallome in eukaryotes at the cellular and subcellular level, including properties, utilization in metalloproteins, trafficking, storage, and regulation of these processes. Studies in the model eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae and mammalian cells will be highlighted. The discussion of iron properties will center on the speciation and localization of intracellular iron as well as the cellular and molecular mechanisms for coping with both low iron bioavailability and iron toxicity. The section on iron metalloproteins will emphasize heme, iron-sulfur cluster, and non-heme iron centers, particularly their cellular roles and mechanisms of assembly. The section on iron uptake, trafficking, and storage will compare methods used by yeast and mammalian cells to import iron, how this iron is brought into various organelles, and types of iron storage proteins. Regulation of these processes will be compared between yeast and mammalian cells at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels.

Please cite as: Met. Ions Life Sci. 12 (2013) 241–278

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Abbreviations

ABC:

ATP-binding cassette

ALA:

δ-aminolevulinic acid

ALAD:

aminolevulinate dehydratase

ALAS:

ALA synthase

ARE:

AU-rich elements

ATP:

adenosine 5’-triphosphate

BDH2:

3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, type 2

BMP:

bone morphogenic protein

C/EBPα:

CCAAT enhancer-binding protein α

CIA:

cytosolic Fe-S protein assembly

CoA:

coenzyme A

Cp:

ceruloplasmin

CPgenIII:

coproporphyrinogen III

CPOX:

coproporphyrinogen oxidase

DHBA:

dihydroxybenzoic acid

DMTI:

divalent metal transporter 1 (= SCL11A1)

dNDP:

deoxynucleoside diphosphate

dNTP:

deoxynucleoside triphosphate

EPR:

electron paramagnetic resonance

ER:

endoplasmic reticulum

EXAFS:

extended X-ray absorption fine structure

FECH:

ferrochelatase

FeRE:

iron-responsive element

FIH1:

factor inhibiting HIF

FPN:

ferroportin

Grx:

glutaredoxin

GSH:

glutathione

GST:

glutathione S-transferase

HCP1:

heme carrier protein 1

HIF:

hypoxia-inducible factor

HMB:

hydroxymethylbilane

HO-1:

heme oxygenase-1

HRG:

heme responsive gene

IMS:

intermembrane space

IRE:

iron regulatory element

IRP:

iron regulatory protein

ISC:

iron-sulfur cluster

LIP:

labile iron pool

Mfrn:

mitoferrin

NADH:

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced

NDP:

nucleoside 5’-diphosphate

NRAMP:

natural resistance-associated macrophage protein

NTP:

nucleoside 5’-triphosphate

PBGD:

porphobilinogen deaminase

PCBP:

poly (rC) binding protein

PHD:

prolyl hydroxylase

PIXE:

particle-induced X-ray emission

PPgenIX:

protoporphyrinogen IX

PPIX:

protoporphyrin IX

PPOX:

protoporphyrinogen oxidase

RBC:

red blood cells

RNR:

ribonucleotide reductase

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

RNS:

reactive nitrogen species

SCF:

SKP1-CUL1-F-box

SOD:

superoxide dismutase

STEAP:

six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate

TCA:

tricarboxylic acid

Tf:

transferrin

TfR:

Tf receptor

TTP:

tristetraprolin

TZF:

tandem zinc finger

UPgenIII:

uroporphyrinogen III

URO3S:

uroporphyrinogen III synthase

UROD:

uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase

UTR:

untranslated region

VHL:

von Hippel-Lindau

XANES:

X-ray absorption near edge structure

XAS:

X-ray absorption spectroscopy

XRFM:

X-ray fluorescence microscopy

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded by the National Institutes of Health Grants ES013780 and GM086619 and the South Carolina Research Foundation. The authors would like to thank Dr. L. Celeste for helpful discussions.

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  1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA

    Adrienne C. Dlouhy & Caryn E. Outten

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  1. Adrienne C. Dlouhy
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  2. Caryn E. Outten
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Correspondence to Caryn E. Outten .

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  1. Centro Risonanze Magnetiche, University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Firenze, Italy

    Lucia Banci

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Dlouhy, A.C., Outten, C.E. (2013). The Iron Metallome in Eukaryotic Organisms. In: Banci, L. (eds) Metallomics and the Cell. Metal Ions in Life Sciences, vol 12. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5561-1_8

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