Prospects for Quinoa (Chenopodium Quinoa Willd.) Improvement Through Biotechnology

  • Eric N. Jellen
  • Peter J. Maughan
  • Daniel Bertero
  • Hassan Munir
Chapter
First Online:

Abstract

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd., 2n = 4x = 36) is an Andean broadleaf seed and vegetable crop of ancient origin. Quinoa represents one or two botanical varieties of a much broader tri-species complex native to North and South America and dominated by weedy forms of pitseed goosefoot (C. berlandieri Moq.) and avian goosefoot (C. hircinum Schrad.). This biological species complex includes at least two extant domesticated forms of C. berlandieri subsp. nuttaliae (Safford) H.D. Wilson and Heister: Mexican huazontle and chia roja. Within quinoa itself the two main limitations to the crop’s improvement and dissemination are restricted access to cultivated Highland Andean germplasm and heat-stress susceptibility in the best agronomic types from the southern Altiplano. These limitations underscore the importance of the exotic gene pool for future quinoa breeding. A sophisticated tool box of DNA-based genetic markers and genomic resources has been developed to facilitate gene transfer from exotic sources in pre-breeding and accelerate the process of breeding elite cultivars. In addition, quinoa physiology and agronomy research have identified promising strategies and potential gene targets for improving yield, heat tolerance, maturity, and other traits critical to the expansion of quinoa into temperate and subtropical lowland production environments. The existing political climate in key areas of the Andean region, while unfavorable for the application of transgenic breeding approaches, should encourage accelerated efforts to incorporate MAS strategies in quinoa breeding.

Keywords

Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Simple Sequence Repeat Marker Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Clone Harvest Index Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Library 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Abbreviations

AFLP

Amplified fragment length polymorphism

BAC

Bacterial artificial chromosome

BAFI

Ezra T. Benson Agriculture and Food Institute

BVP

Basic vegetative phase

CIP

International Potato Center (Lima, Peru)

EST

Expressed sequence tag

FCB

Financial costbenefit ratio

FISH

Fluorescent in situ hybridization

GA

Gibberellic acid

GLAI

Green leaf area index

GM

Genetically modified

IGS

Intergenic spacer

IPAR

Incidental photosynthetically active radiation

LAI

Leaf area index

MAB

Marker assisted breeding

MAS

Marker assisted selection

NOR

Nucleolar organizer region

NTS

Non-transcribed spacer or 5S rRNA gene

PAR

Photosynthetically active radiation

PPS

Photoperiod sensitivity

RAPD

Random amplified polymorphic DNA

RFLP

Restriction fragment length polymorphism

RIE

Radiation interception efficiency

RIL

Recombinant inbred line

RUE

Radiation use efficiency

SNP

Single nucleotide polymorphism

SOS1

Salt Overly Sensitive 1 (gene)

SRA

Sequence read archive

SSR

Simple sequence repeat

TPAR

Transmitted photosynthetically active radiation

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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013

Authors and Affiliations

  • Eric N. Jellen
    • 1
  • Peter J. Maughan
    • 1
  • Daniel Bertero
    • 2
  • Hassan Munir
    • 3
  1. 1.Department of Plant and Wildlife SciencesBrigham Young UniversityProvoUSA
  2. 2.Departamento de Produccion Vegetal, Facultad de AgronomiaUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
  3. 3.Department of Crop PhysiologyUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan

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