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Anoxia pp 205-217 | Cite as

Survival of Tardigrades in Extreme Environments: A Model Animal for Astrobiology

  • Daiki D. HorikawaEmail author
Chapter
First Online:
Part of the Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology book series (COLE, volume 21)

Abstract

Tardigrades, which are tiny invertebrate animals, have been considered as an appropriate model for astrobiological studies based on their high survival ability under various types of environmental stresses. So far, researches have shown that tardigrades have high tolerance to ionizing radiation, wide ranges of temperatures, vacuum, and high pressures in anhydrobiosis, a state that organisms lack free water in the body, and they resume activity when water is added. In addition, recently, a short-term flight experiment demonstrated that tardigrades in an anhydrobiotic state survived open space environments at low Earth orbit. Results from those exposure experiments indicate that tardigrades are well tolerant of extremely low temperatures, vacuum, and high pressures. On the other hand, ionizing radiation, UV radiation, and high temperatures could be the critical factors to limit habitable environments for tardigrades. Future astrobiological research on tardigrades, such as long-term exposure experiments, might provide important insight into the possibilities of existence of animal-like life forms or interplanetary transfer of multicellular organisms in an anhydrobiotic state.

Keywords

Hydrated State Late Embryogenesis Abundant High Hydrostatic Pressure Flight Experiment Space Vacuum 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Notes

Acknowledgments

I thank Lynn J. Rothschild and John Cumbers from NASA Ames Research Center for providing research advice on my studies. I also thank the NASA Astrobiology Institute Postdoctoral Program for supporting my research project at NASA Ames Research Center.

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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media B.V.  2012

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Universety PAris Descartes-site NeckerParis Cedex 15France
  2. 2.Mediterranean Institute for Life SciencesSplitCroatia

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