Adaptation to Climate Change
- 12 Citations
- 2k Downloads
Abstract
The traditional view of adaptation to climate change tends to assume that a national government is responsible for implementing technological adaptation measures (e.g., seeds, dams, irrigation schemes), which are selected on the basis of specific knowledge of future climate conditions. This view has been widely challenged but is still prevalent within sectors dominated by engineering, such as water and coastal management. The purpose of this chapter is to show that while technology has an important part to play in climate adaptation, its effectiveness relies on it being part of a broader strategy that acknowledges uncertainty and addresses the underlying drivers of people’s current and future vulnerability. Such a strategy requires the integration of adaptation with human and economic development efforts.
Keywords
Climate Change Climate Adaptation Future Climate Condition Hard Structure Coastal HazardNotes
Acknowledgements
Research presented in this paper contributes to the Nordic Centre of Excellence for Strategic Adaptation Research (NORD-STAR), which is funded by the Norden Top-level Research Initiative sub-programme ‘Effect Studies and Adaptation to Climate Change’. It is based on a presentation to the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Climate Change Adaptation and Security, which took place in Hella, Iceland, on 6–10 June 2010. The author thanks the workshop organizers for the opportunity to present, and the workshop participants for their constructive comments and suggestions. This chapter combines insights from four previous publications [17, 18, 19, 21]. The author thanks the co-authors of those publications for their contributions.
References
- 1.Adger WN, Agrawala S, Mirza MMQ, Conde C, O’Brien K, Pulhin J, Pulwarty R, Smit B, Takahashi K (2007) Assessment of adaptation practices, options, constraints and capacity. In: Parry ML, Canziani OF, Palutikof JP, van der Linden PJ, Hanson CE (eds) Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability: contribution of Working Group II to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 717–743Google Scholar
- 2.Adger WN, Huq S, Brown K, Conway D, Hulme M (2003) Adaptation to climate change in the developing world. Prog Dev Stud 3(3):179–195CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 3.Agrawala S (ed) (2005) Bridge over troubled waters: linking climate change and development. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, 153 ppGoogle Scholar
- 4.Beg N, Corfee Morlot J, Davidson O, Arfrane-Okesse Y, Tyani L, Denton F, Sokona Y, Thomas JP, la Rovere EL, Parikh J, Parikh K, Rahman A (2002) Linkages between climate change and sustainable development. Clim Policy 2(2,3):129–144Google Scholar
- 5.Billé R (2008) Integrated coastal zone management: four entrenched illusions. Surv Perspect Integrating Environ Soc 1(2):1–12Google Scholar
- 6.Burton I, Huq S, Lim B, Pilifosova O, Schipper EL (2002) From impacts assessment to adaptation priorities: the shaping of adaptation policy. Clim Policy 2(2,3):145–159Google Scholar
- 7.Carter TR, Parry ML, Nishioka S, Harasawa H (eds) (1994) Technical guidelines for assessing climate change impacts and adaptations. Report of working group II of the intergovernmental panel on climate change, University College London and Centre for Global Environmental Research, London, and Tsukuba, x + 59 ppGoogle Scholar
- 8.Cicin-Sain B (1993) Sustainable development and integrated coastal management. Ocean Coast Manage 21(1–3):11–43CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 9.Cicin-Sain B, Knecht RW (1998) Integrated coastal and ocean management: concepts and practices. Island Press, Washington, DC, xxvi + 517 ppGoogle Scholar
- 10.Ehler CN, Cicin-Sain B, Knecht R, South R, Weiher R (1997) Guidelines to assist policy makers and managers of coastal areas in the integration of coastal management programs and national climate-change action plans. Ocean Coast Manage 37(1):7–27CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 11.Eriksen SH, Kelly PM (2005) Developing credible vulnerability indicators for climate adaptation policy assessment. Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change 12(4):495–524CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 12.Huq S, Rahman A, Konate M, Sokona Y, Reid H (2003) Mainstreaming adaptation to climate change in Least Developed Countries (LDCs). International Institute for Environment and Development, London, 38 ppGoogle Scholar
- 13.Huq S, Reid H (2004) Mainstreaming adaptation in development. IDS Bull 35(3):15–21CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 14.IPCC (2007) Appendix I: glossary. In: Parry ML, Canziani OF, Palutikof JP, van der Linden PJ, Hanson CE (eds) Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability: contribution of Working Group II to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 869–883Google Scholar
- 15.IPCC, CZMS (1990) Strategies for adaptation to sea level rise. Report of the Coastal Zone Management Subgroup, Response Strategies Working Group of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management, The Hague, x + 122 ppGoogle Scholar
- 16.Kelly PM, Adger WN (2000) Theory and practice in assessing vulnerability to climate change and facilitating adaptation. Climate Change 47(4):325–352CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 17.Klein RJT, Alam M, Burton I, Dougherty WW, Ebi KL, Fernandes M, Huber-Lee A, Rahman AA, Swartz C (2006) Application of environmentally sound technologies for adaptation to climate change. Technical Paper FCCC/TP/2006/2, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Secretariat, Bonn, 107 ppGoogle Scholar
- 18.Klein RJT, Buckley EN, Aston J, Nicholls RJ, Ragoonaden S, Capobianco M, Mizutani N, Nunn PD (2000) Coastal adaptation. In: Metz B, Davidson OR, Martens J-W, van Rooijen SNM, Van Wie McGrory LL (eds) Methodological and technological issues in technology Transfer. Special report of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 349–372Google Scholar
- 19.Klein RJT, Eriksen SEH, Næss LO, Hammill A, Tanner TM, Robledo C, O’Brien KL (2007) Portfolio screening to support the mainstreaming of adaptation to climate change into development assistance. Clim Change 84(1):23–44CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 20.Klein RJT, Nicholls RJ, Mimura N (1999) Coastal adaptation to climate change: can the IPCC Technical Guidelines be applied? Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change 4(3–4):239–252CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 21.Klein RJT, Nicholls RJ, Ragoonaden S, Capobianco M, Aston J, Buckley EN (2001) Technological options for adaptation to climate change in coastal zones. J Coast Res 17(3):531–543Google Scholar
- 22.McGray H, Hammill A, Bradley R, Schipper EL, Parry J-E (2007) Weathering the storm: options for framing adaptation and development. World Resources Institute, Washington, DC, v + 57 ppGoogle Scholar
- 23.Nicholls RJ, Wong PP, Burkett VR, Codignotto JO, Hay JE, McLean RF, Ragoonaden S, Woodroffe CD (2007) Coastal systems and low-lying areas. In: Parry ML, Canziani OF, Palutikof JP, van der Linden PJ, Hanson CE (eds) Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability: contribution of Working Group II to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 315–356Google Scholar
- 24.O’Brien K, Eriksen S, Schjolden A, Nygaard L (2004) What’s in a Word? Conflicting Interpretations of Vulnerability in Climate Change Research. CICERO Working Paper 2004:4, Centre for International Climate and Environmental Research Oslo, University of Oslo, Norway, iii + 16 ppGoogle Scholar
- 25.Parry M, Arnell N, Hulme M, Nicholls R, Livermore M (1998) Adapting to the inevitable. Nature 395:741CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 26.Persson Å, Klein RJT (2009) Mainstreaming adaptation to climate change into official development assistance: challenges to foreign policy integration. In: Harris P (ed) Climate change and foreign policy: case studies from East to West. Routledge, London, pp 162–177Google Scholar
- 27.Pielke RA Jr (1998) Rethinking the role of adaptation in climate policy. Glob Environ Change 8(2):159–170CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 28.Smithers J, Smit B (1997) Human adaptation to climatic variability and change. Glob Environ Change 7(2):129–146CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 29.Sperling F (ed) (2003) Poverty and climate change: reducing the vulnerability of the poor through adaptation. AfDB, ADB, DFID, EC DG Development, BMZ, DGIS, OECD, UNDP, UNEP and the World Bank, Washington, DC, xii + 43 ppGoogle Scholar
- 30.UNFCCC (2010) The cancun agreements: outcome of the work of the Ad Hoc Working Group on long-term cooperative action under the convention. Decision 1/CP.16, FCCC/CP/2010/7/Add.1, http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2010/cop16/eng/07a01.pdf, 2–31 pp
- 31.WCC’93 (1994) Preparing to meet the coastal challenges of the 21st Century. Report of the world coast conference, Noordwijk, 1–5 Nov 1993, Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management, The Hague, 49 pp + appsGoogle Scholar