From Non-invasive Site Characterization to Site Amplification: Recent Advances in the Use of Ambient Vibration Measurements

  • P.-Y. Bard
  • H. Cadet
  • B. Endrun
  • M. Hobiger
  • F. Renalier
  • N. Theodulidis
  • M. Ohrnberger
  • D. Fäh
  • F. Sabetta
  • P. Teves-Costa
  • A.-M. Duval
  • C. Cornou
  • B. Guillier
  • M. Wathelet
  • A. Savvaidis
  • A. Köhler
  • J. Burjanek
  • V. Poggi
  • G. Gassner-Stamm
  • H.B. Havenith
  • S. Hailemikael
  • J. Almeida
  • I. Rodrigues
  • I. Veludo
  • C. Lacave
  • S. Thomassin
  • M. Kristekova
Chapter
First Online:
Part of the Geotechnical, Geological, and Earthquake Engineering book series (GGEE, volume 17)

Abstract

A series of investigations has been carried out over the last decade in Europe aimed at deriving quantitative information on site amplification from non-invasive techniques, based principally on surface wave interpretations of ambient noise measurements. The present paper focuses on their key outcomes regarding three main topics. First, methodological, hardware and software developments focusing on the acquisition and the processing of both single point and array microtremor measurements, led to an efficient tool with in situ control and processing, giving rise to robust and reproducible results. A special attention has been devoted to the derivation and use of the Rayleigh wave ellipticity. Second, the reliability of these new tools has been assessed through a thorough comparison with borehole measurements for a representative – though limited – set of sites located in Southern Europe, spanning from stiff to soft, and shallow to thick. Finally, correlations between the site parameters available from such non-invasive techniques, and the actual site amplification factors as measured with standard techniques, are derived from a comprehensive analysis of the Japanese KIKNET data. This allows to propose alternative, simple site characterization providing an improved variance reduction compared with the “classical” VS30 classification. While these results could pave the road for the next generation of building codes, they can also be used now for regulatory site classification and microzonation studies, in view of improved mapping and estimation of site amplification factors, and for the characterization of existing strong motion sites.

Keywords

Dispersion Curve Rayleigh Wave Shear Wave Velocity Love Wave Ambient Vibration 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Notes

Acknowledgments

The developments reported here were made possible through several European grants (SESAME # EVG1-CT-2000-00026, NERIES (NEtwork of Research Infrastructures for European Seismology, # RII3-CT-2006-026130, and the ITSAK-GR, Transfer of Knowledge Marie-Curie action, # MTKD-CT-2005-029627), complemented with several national research grants in France (ANR QSHA), Germany, Greece and Switzerland. Seismograms and geotechnical information used for the derivation of “SAPE” were collected from the Japanese KiK-net network (http://www.kik.bosai.go.jp); thanks are due to the KiK-net network staff and to F. Bonilla and G. Pousse for providing the ready-to-use data.

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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010

Authors and Affiliations

  • P.-Y. Bard
    • 1
  • H. Cadet
    • 2
  • B. Endrun
    • 3
  • M. Hobiger
    • 1
  • F. Renalier
    • 1
  • N. Theodulidis
    • 2
  • M. Ohrnberger
    • 3
  • D. Fäh
    • 4
  • F. Sabetta
    • 5
  • P. Teves-Costa
    • 6
  • A.-M. Duval
    • 7
  • C. Cornou
    • 1
  • B. Guillier
    • 1
  • M. Wathelet
    • 1
  • A. Savvaidis
    • 2
  • A. Köhler
    • 3
  • J. Burjanek
    • 4
  • V. Poggi
    • 4
  • G. Gassner-Stamm
    • 4
  • H.B. Havenith
    • 4
  • S. Hailemikael
    • 5
  • J. Almeida
    • 6
  • I. Rodrigues
    • 6
  • I. Veludo
    • 6
  • C. Lacave
    • 8
  • S. Thomassin
    • 8
  • M. Kristekova
    • 9
  1. 1.LGIT, Maison des GeosciencesJoseph Fourier UniversityGrenoble Cedex 9France
  2. 2.Institute of Engineering Seismology and Earthquake Engineering (ITSAK)ThessalonikiGreece
  3. 3.Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of PotsdamPotsdam OT GolmGermany
  4. 4.Swiss Seismological Service, ETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
  5. 5.Ufficio Valutazione del Rischio Sismico, Dipartimento della Protezione CivileRomaItaly
  6. 6.Lisbon Fundaçao da Faculdade Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, IDLLisboaPortugal
  7. 7.CETE MéditerranéeNice Cedex 4France
  8. 8.Résonance S.A.Carouge-GenèveSwitzerland
  9. 9.Geophysical Institute, Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovak Republic

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