Membrane Partitioning: Is Location Everything When It Comes to Endotoxin Recognition?

Chapter
First Online:
Part of the Subcellular Biochemistry book series (SCBI, volume 53)

Abstract

Lipid rafts are envisaged as islands of highly ordered saturated lipids and cholesterol that are laterally mobile in the plane of the plasma membrane. Lipid rafts are thought to provide a means to explain the spatial segregation of certain signalling pathways emanating from the cell surface. They seem to provide the necessary microenvironment in order for certain specialised signalling events to take place- such as the innate immune recognition. The innate immune system seems to employ germ-lined encoded receptors, called pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in order to “sense” pathogens. One family of such receptors are the Toll like receptors (TLRs), which are the central “sensing” apparatus of the innate immune system. In recent years, it has become apparent that TLRs are recruited into membrane microdomains in response to ligands and these constitute signalling platforms, which transducer singals that lead to innate immune activation. In this chapter will review all past and current literature concerning recruitment of TLRs into lipid rafts and how this membrane compartmentalization is crucial for innate immune responses.

Keywords

Lipopolysaccharide Endotoxin Toll-like receptors Innate immunity Lipid rafts 

Abbreviations

LBP

lipopolysaccharide binding protein

LPS

lipopolysaccharide

LTA

lipoteichoic acid

MHC

major histocompatibility complex

NF-kB

nuclear factor kappa B

PRRs

pattern recognition receptor

TLR

Toll like receptor

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© Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Infection and Immunity GroupSchool of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, FalmerBrightonUK

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