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Porphyra: Complex Life Histories in a Harsh Environment: P. umbilicalis, an Intertidal Red Alga for Genomic Analysis

  • Elisabeth Gantt
  • G. Mine Berg
  • Debashish Bhattacharya
  • Nicolas A. Blouin
  • Juliet A. Brodie
  • Cheong Xin Chan
  • Jonas Collén
  • Francis X. CunninghamJr
  • Jeferson Gross
  • Arthur R. Grossman
  • Steven Karpowicz
  • Yukihiro Kitade
  • Anita S. Klein
  • Ira A. Levine
  • Senjie Lin
  • Shan Lu
  • Michael Lynch
  • Subhash C. Minocha
  • Kirsten Müller
  • Christopher D. Neefus
  • Mariana Cabral de Oliveira
  • Linda Rymarquis
  • Alison Smith
  • John W. Stiller
  • Wen-Kai Wu
  • Charles Yarish
  • Yun Zhuang
  • Susan H. Brawley
Chapter
First Online:
Part of the Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology book series (COLE, volume 13)

Abstract

Porphyra encompasses a large group of multicellular red algae that have a prominent gametophytic phase. The complex, heteromorphic life history of species in this genus, their remarkable resilience to high light and desiccation, ancient fossil records, and value as human food (e.g., laver, nori), make Porphyra a compelling model for genome sequencing. Sequencing of the nuclear genome of Porphyra umbilicalis from the northwestern Atlantic is currently in process. The ∼270 Mb genome of this alga is much larger than that of the unicellular acidophilic Cyanidioschyzon merolae (16.5 Mb), the only rhodophyte for which there is a fully sequenced genome, and is approximately twice as large as the Arabidopsis genome. Future analyses of the P. umbilicalis genome should provide opportunities for researchers to (1) develop an increased understanding of the ways in which these algae have adapted to severe physiological stresses, (2) elucidate the molecular features of development through the complex life history, and (3) define key components required for the transition of growth from a single cell to a multicellular organism.

Keywords

Antioxidant aquaculture carotenoid cell motility cell walls chloroplast Cyanidioschyzon merolae genome evolution intertidal microRNAs mutants nitrogen sources nitrogen nori P. yezoensis P. umbilicalis Porphyra spores transposable elements vitamin B12 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

Special thanks to James Craigie (Halifax) for discussions on cell walls, and to all members of the Research Collaboration Network on Porphyra Algal Genomics for discussion, including Pam Green (Univ. of Delaware, USA), John Merrill (Michigan State Univ., USA), Kyosuke Niwa (Hyogo Prefectural Tech. Ctr., Japan), Mary Rumpho (Univ. of Maine, USA), and Pu Xu (Changshu Inst. of Tech., China). All the authors belong to the RCN; we are grateful to the U.S. National Science Foundation for its support (NSF RCN 0741907).

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Copyright information

© Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010

Authors and Affiliations

  • Elisabeth Gantt
    • 1
  • G. Mine Berg
    • 2
  • Debashish Bhattacharya
    • 3
  • Nicolas A. Blouin
    • 4
  • Juliet A. Brodie
    • 5
  • Cheong Xin Chan
    • 3
  • Jonas Collén
    • 6
  • Francis X. CunninghamJr
    • 1
  • Jeferson Gross
    • 3
  • Arthur R. Grossman
    • 7
  • Steven Karpowicz
    • 8
  • Yukihiro Kitade
    • 9
  • Anita S. Klein
    • 10
  • Ira A. Levine
    • 11
  • Senjie Lin
    • 12
  • Shan Lu
    • 13
  • Michael Lynch
    • 14
  • Subhash C. Minocha
    • 10
  • Kirsten Müller
    • 14
  • Christopher D. Neefus
    • 10
  • Mariana Cabral de Oliveira
    • 15
  • Linda Rymarquis
    • 16
  • Alison Smith
    • 17
  • John W. Stiller
    • 18
  • Wen-Kai Wu
    • 19
  • Charles Yarish
    • 20
  • Yun Zhuang
    • 12
  • Susan H. Brawley
    • 4
  1. 1.Department of Cell Biology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkUSA
  2. 2.Department of GeophysicsStanford UniversityStanfordUSA
  3. 3.Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural ResourcesRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickUSA
  4. 4.Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of MaineOronoUSA
  5. 5.Department of BotanyThe Natural History MuseumLondonUK
  6. 6.CNRSUniversité Pierre et Marie Curie, Station BiologiqueRoscoff, cedexFrance
  7. 7.Department of Plant BiologyThe Carnegie InstitutionStanfordUSA
  8. 8.Department of ChemistryUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesUSA
  9. 9.Algal Genetics and Chemistry, Fisheries SciencesHokkaido UniversityHakodateJapan
  10. 10.Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of New HampshireDurhamUSA
  11. 11.Natural and Applied SciencesUniversity of Southern MaineLewistonUSA
  12. 12.Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of ConnecticutGrotonUSA
  13. 13.School of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
  14. 14.Department of BiologyUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooCA
  15. 15.Department of Botany, Biosciences InstituteUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
  16. 16.Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of DelawareNewarkUSA
  17. 17.Department of Plant SciencesUniversity CambridgeCambridgeUK
  18. 18.Department of BiologyEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleUK
  19. 19.College of Fisheries and Life ScienceShanghai Ocean UniversityShanghaiCN
  20. 20.Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStamfordUSA

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