Red Algae in the Genomic Age pp 129-148 | Cite as
Porphyra: Complex Life Histories in a Harsh Environment: P. umbilicalis, an Intertidal Red Alga for Genomic Analysis
Abstract
Porphyra encompasses a large group of multicellular red algae that have a prominent gametophytic phase. The complex, heteromorphic life history of species in this genus, their remarkable resilience to high light and desiccation, ancient fossil records, and value as human food (e.g., laver, nori), make Porphyra a compelling model for genome sequencing. Sequencing of the nuclear genome of Porphyra umbilicalis from the northwestern Atlantic is currently in process. The ∼270 Mb genome of this alga is much larger than that of the unicellular acidophilic Cyanidioschyzon merolae (16.5 Mb), the only rhodophyte for which there is a fully sequenced genome, and is approximately twice as large as the Arabidopsis genome. Future analyses of the P. umbilicalis genome should provide opportunities for researchers to (1) develop an increased understanding of the ways in which these algae have adapted to severe physiological stresses, (2) elucidate the molecular features of development through the complex life history, and (3) define key components required for the transition of growth from a single cell to a multicellular organism.
Keywords
Antioxidant aquaculture carotenoid cell motility cell walls chloroplast Cyanidioschyzon merolae genome evolution intertidal microRNAs mutants nitrogen sources nitrogen nori P. yezoensis P. umbilicalis Porphyra spores transposable elements vitamin B12Notes
Acknowledgments
Special thanks to James Craigie (Halifax) for discussions on cell walls, and to all members of the Research Collaboration Network on Porphyra Algal Genomics for discussion, including Pam Green (Univ. of Delaware, USA), John Merrill (Michigan State Univ., USA), Kyosuke Niwa (Hyogo Prefectural Tech. Ctr., Japan), Mary Rumpho (Univ. of Maine, USA), and Pu Xu (Changshu Inst. of Tech., China). All the authors belong to the RCN; we are grateful to the U.S. National Science Foundation for its support (NSF RCN 0741907).
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