Normal Development

Abstract

Fetal MR imaging covers a relatively long period of the fetal brain development: from approximately 18–19 gestational weeks (GW) until birth. Therefore, at present, it is possible to study More than ahalf of the entire gestational periodby this technique.

Keywords

Fetal Brain Contrast Resolution Gestational Week Lentiform Nucleus Fetal Brain Development 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

References

  1. 1.
    Garel C, Chantrel E, Brisse H, Elmaleh M, Luton D, Oury JF, Sebag G, Hassan M (2001) Fetal cerebral cortex: normal gestational landmarks identified using prenatal MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 22:184–189PubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. 2.
    Garel C, Chantrel E, Elmaleh M, Brisse H, Sebag G (2003) Fetal MRI: normal gestational landmarks for cerebral biometry, gyration and myelination. Childs Nerv Syst 19:422–425CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. 3.
    Garel C (2004) The role of MRI in the evaluation of the fetal brain with an emphasis on biometry, gyration and parenchyma. Pediatr Radiol 34:694–699CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. 4.
    Garel C (2005) Fetal cerebral biometry: normal parenchymal findings and ventricular size. Eur Radiol 15:809–813CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. 5.
    Tilea B, Alberti C, Adamsbaum C, Armoogum P, Oury JF, Cabrol D, Sebag G, Kalifa G, Garel C (2009) Cerebral biometry in fetal magnetic resonance imaging: new reference data. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 33:173–181CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. 6.
    Parazzini C, Righini A, Rustico M, Consonni D, Triulzi F (2008) Prenatal magnetic resonance imaging: brain normal linear biometric values below 24 gestational weeks. Neuroradiology 50:877–883CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. 7.
    Shepherd TM, Thelwall PE, Stanisz GJ, Blackband SJ (2009) Aldehyde fixative solutions alter the water relaxation and diffusion properties of nervous tissue. Magn Reson Med 62:26–34PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. 8.
    Thayyil S, Sebire NJ, Chitty LS, Wade A, Chong W, Olsen O, Gunny RS, Offiah AC, Owens CM, Saunders DE, Scott RJ, Jones R, Norman W, Addison S, Bainbridge A, Cady EB, Vita ED, Robertson NJ, Taylor AM, MARIAS Collaborative Group (2013) Post-mortem MRI versus conventional autopsy in fetuses and children: a prospective validation study. Lancet 382:223–233CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. 9.
    Petrén-Mallmin M (1994) Clinical and experimental imaging of breast cancer metastases in the spine. Acta Radiol Suppl 391:1–23PubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. 10.
    Lequin MH, Huisman TA (2012) Postmortem MR imaging in the fetal and neonatal period. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 20:129–143CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  11. 11.
    Kostovic I, Vasung L (2009) Insights from in vitro fetal magnetic resonance imaging of cerebral development. Semin Perinatol 33:220–233CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  12. 12.
    Wansapura JP, Holland SK, Dunn RS, Ball WS Jr (1999) NMR relaxation times in the human brain at 3.0 tesla. J Magn Reson Imaging 9:531–538CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  13. 13.
    Williams LA, DeVito TJ, Winter JD, Orr TN, Thompson RT, Gelman N (2007) Optimization of 3D MP-RAGE for neonatal brain imaging at 3.0 T. Magn Reson Imaging 25:1162–1170CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  14. 14.
    McArdle CB, Richardson CJ, Nicholas DA, Mirfakhraee M, Hayden CK, Amparo EG (1987) Developmental features of the neonatal brain: MR imaging. Part I. Gray-white matter differentiation and myelination. Radiology 162:223–229CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  15. 15.
    Barkovich AJ, Kjos BO, Jackson DE Jr, Norman D (1988) Normal maturation of the neonatal and infant brain: MR imaging at 1.5 T. Radiology 166:173–180CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  16. 16.
    Triulzi F, Parazzini C, Righini A (2006) Patterns of damage in the mature neonatal brain. Pediatr Radiol 36:608–620CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  17. 17.
    Parazzini C, Bianchini E, Triulzi F (2005) Myelination. In: Tortori Donati P, Rossi A (eds) Pediatric neuroradiology. Springer, Berlin, pp 21–40Google Scholar
  18. 18.
    Barkovich AJ, Murkherje P (2012) Normal development of the neonatal and infant brain, skull, and spine. In: Barkovich AJ, Raybaud CH (eds) Pediatric neuroimaging, 5th edn LWW, pp 20-80Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Italia 2016

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of NeuroradiologyFondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly

Personalised recommendations