Riassunto
L’ecografia è la metodica di imaging maggiormente utilizzata e più rapidamente cresciuta. Il suo successo è basato su specifici vantaggi rispetto ad altre modalità:
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Non ci sono rischi né controindicazioni legate al suo uso.
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La risoluzione spaziale delle immagini ottenute con ultrasuoni ad elevata frequenza è maggiore rispetto a quella di altre modalità come la TC e la RM; tale caratteristica è particolarmente evidente quando sono esaminate strutture superficiali.
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Le qualità dinamiche degli ultrasuoni sono uniche, permettono un’osservazione in tempo reale dei movimenti di muscoli e tendini, pulsatilità e peristalsi. Possono essere apprezzati gli effetti di compressione, della manovra di Valsalva e della gravità.
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L’effetto Doppier puó essere usato per ottenere misurazioni quantitative della velocità del sangue e per delineare le mappe di flusso.
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Gli ecografimoderni sono piccoli e permettono di ottenere immagini di alta qualità. Ecografi portatili possono essere utilizzati in unità di terapia intensiva, sale operatorie, unità di emergenza.
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Gli ultrasuoni sono ampiamente usati per guidare biopsie e procedure interventistiche.
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L’esame ecografico permette di comunicare direttamente con il paziente e le informazioni che riferisce come, ad esempio, l’area di massima dolorabilità, sono estremamente importanti per un esame mirato.
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L’ecografia è relativamente poco costosa, soprattutto se messa a confronto con TC e RM.
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Segui, P., Espejo, S. (2009). Ecografia. In: Ribes, R., Luna, A., Ros, P.R., Catalano, C. (eds) Imaging diagnostico. Springer, Milano. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1510-4_10
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