Basi neurobiologiche dei deficit cognitivi nella malattia di Parkinson

  • Massimiliano Di Filippo
  • Paolo Calabresi

Riassunto

Quasi 200 anni fa, James Parkinson descrisse per la prima volta la malattia che porta tuttora il suo nome e che rappresenta uno dei più comuni e diffusi disordini su base neurodegenerativa (Parkinson, 1817).

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Bibliografia

  1. Ahlskog JE, Richelson E, Nelson A et al (1991) Reduced D2 dopamine and muscarinic cholinergic receptor densities in caudate specimens from fluctuating parkinsonian patients. Ann Neurol 30(2):185–191CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Bliss TV, Lomo T (1973) Long-lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission in the dentate area of the anaesthetized rabbit following stimulation of the perforant path. J Physiol 232(2):331–356PubMedGoogle Scholar
  3. Calabresi P, Maj R, Pisani A et al (1992) Long-term synaptic depression in the striatum: physiological and pharmacological characterization. J Neurosci 12(11):4224–4233PubMedGoogle Scholar
  4. Calabresi P, Picconi B, Parnetti L, Di Filippo M (2006) A convergent model for cognitive dysfunctions in Parkinson’s disease: the critical dopamine-acetylcholine synaptic balance. Lancet Neurol 5(11):974–983CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  5. Calabresi P, Picconi B, Tozzi A, Di Filippo M (2007) Dopamine-mediated regulation of corticostriatal synaptic plasticity. Trends Neurosci 30(5):211–219CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  6. Cash R, Dennis T, L’Heureux R et al (1987) Parkinson’s disease and dementia: norepinephrine and dopamine in locus ceruleus. Neurology 37(1):42–46PubMedGoogle Scholar
  7. Castner SA, Williams GV, Goldman-Rakic PS (2000) Reversal of antipsychotic-induced working memory deficits by short-term dopamine D1 receptor stimulation. Science 287(5460): 2020–2022CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  8. Cools R, Barker RA, Sahakian BJ, Robbins TW (2001) Mechanisms of cognitive set flexibility in Parkinson’s disease. Brain 124(12):2503–2512CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  9. Cummings JL (1993) Frontal-subcortical circuits and human behavior. Arch Neurol 50(8):873–880PubMedGoogle Scholar
  10. Dubois B, Danzé F, Pillon B et al (1987) Cholinergic-dependent cognitive deficits in Parkinson’s disease. Ann Neurol 22(1):26–30CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  11. Dubois B, Ruberg M, Javoy-Agid F et al (1983) A subcortico-cortical cholinergic system is affected in Parkinson’s disease. Brain Res 288(1–2):213–218PubMedGoogle Scholar
  12. Emre M (2003a) Dementia associated with Parkinson’s disease. Lancet Neurol 2(4):229–237CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  13. Emre M (2003b) What causes mental dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease? Mov Disord Suppl 6:S63–71CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  14. Emre M (2004) Dementia in Parkinson’s disease: cause and treatment. Curr Opin Neurol 17(4):399–404CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  15. Hietanen M, Teräväinen H (1988) The effect of age of disease onset on neuropsychological performance in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 51(2):244–249CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  16. Huber SJ, Shulman HG, Paulson GW, Shuttleworth EC (1987). Fluctuations in plasma dopamine level impair memory in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 37(8):1371–1375PubMedGoogle Scholar
  17. Jog MS, Kubota Y, Connolly CI et al (1999) Building neural representations of habits. Science 286(5445):1745–1749CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  18. Kawaguchi Y, Wilson CJ, Augood SJ, Emson PC (1995) Striatal interneurones: chemical, physiological and morphological characterization. Trends Neurosci 18(12):527–535CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  19. Klein C, Schlossmacher MG (2007) Parkinson disease, 10 years after its genetic revolution: multiple clues to a complex disorder. Neurology 69(22):2093–2104CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  20. Koechlin E, Danek A, Burnod Y, Grafman J (2002) Medial prefrontal and subcortical mechanisms underlying the acquisition of motor and cognitive action sequences in humans. Neuron 35(2):371–381CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  21. Lang AE, Lozano AM (1998a) Parkinson’s disease. First of two parts. N Engl J Med 339(15):1044–1053CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  22. Lang AE, Lozano AM (1998b) Parkinson’s disease. Second of two parts. N Engl J Med. 339(16):1130–1143CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  23. Lange KW, Wells FR, Jenner P, Marsden CD (1993) Altered muscarinic and nicotinic receptor densities in cortical and subcortical brain regions in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurochem 60(1):197–203CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  24. Langston JW, Ballard P, Tetrud JW, Irwin I (1983) Chronic Parkinsonism in humans due to a product of meperidine-analog synthesis. Science 219(4587):979–980CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  25. Litvan I, Mohr E, Williams J et al (1991) Differential memory and executive functions in demented patients with Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 54(1):25–29CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  26. Malenka RC, Bear MF (2004) LTP and LTD: an embarrassment of riches. Neuron 44(1):5–21CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  27. Marder K, Tang MX, Cote L et al (1995) The frequency and associated risk factors for dementia in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Arch Neurol 52(7):695–701PubMedGoogle Scholar
  28. Mattila PM, Rinne JO, Helenius H et al (2000) Alpha-synuclein-immunoreactive cortical Lewy bodies are associated with cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease. Acta Neuropathol 100(3):285–290CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  29. Mayeux R, Denaro J, Hemenegildo N et al (1992) A population-based investigation of Parkinson’s disease with and without dementia. Relationship to age and gender. Arch Neurol 49(5):492–497PubMedGoogle Scholar
  30. Monchi O, Petrides M, Doyon J et al (2004) Neural bases of set-shifting deficits in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurosci 24(3):702–710CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  31. Morgante F, Espay AJ, Gunraj C et al (2006) Motor cortex plasticity in Parkinson’s disease and levodopa-induced dyskinesias. Brain 129(4):1059–1069CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  32. Mortimer JA, Pirozzolo FJ, Hansch EC, Webster DD (1982) Relationship of motor symptoms to intellectual deficits in Parkinson disease. Neurology 32(2):133–137PubMedGoogle Scholar
  33. Parkinson J (1817) An essay on the shaking palsy. LondonGoogle Scholar
  34. Perry EK, Curtis M, Dick DJ et al (1985) Cholinergic correlates of cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease: comparisons with Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 48(5):413–21CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  35. Picconi B, Centonze D, Håkansson K et al (2003) Loss of bidirectional striatal synaptic plasticity in L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Nat Neurosci 6(5):501–506PubMedGoogle Scholar
  36. Pillon B, Dubois B, Cusimano G et al (1989) Does cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease result from non-dopaminergic lesions? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 52(2):201–206CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  37. Pillon B, Dubois B, Lhermitte F, Agid Y (1986) Heterogeneity of cognitive impairment in progressive supranuclear palsy, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology 36(9):1179–1185PubMedGoogle Scholar
  38. Pillon B, Dubois B, Ploska A, Agid Y (1991) Severity and specificity of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s, and Parkinson’s diseases and progressive supranuclear palsy. Neurology 41(5):634–643PubMedGoogle Scholar
  39. Pimlott SL, Piggott M, Owens J et al (2004) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor distribution in Alzheimer’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson’s disease, and vascular dementia: in vitro binding study using 5-[(125)i]-a-85380. Neuropsychopharmacology 29(1):108–116CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  40. Rinne JO, Myllykylä T, Lönnberg P, Marjamäki P (1991) A postmortem study of brain nicotinic receptors in Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease. Brain Res 547(1):167–170CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  41. Rinne JO, Rummukainen J, Paljärvi L, Rinne UK (1989) Dementia in Parkinson’s disease is related to neuronal loss in the medial substantia nigra. Ann Neurol 26(1):47–50CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  42. Scatton B, Javoy-Agid F, Rouquier L et al (1983) Reduction of cortical dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin and their metabolites in Parkinson’s disease. Brain Res 275(2):321–328CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  43. Smith Y, Kieval JZ (2000) Anatomy of the dopamine system in the basal ganglia. Trends Neurosci 23(10 Suppl):S28–33CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  44. Stam CJ, Visser SL, Op de Coul AA et al (1993) Disturbed frontal regulation of attention in Parkinson’s disease. Brain 116(5):1139–1158CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  45. Starkstein SE, Mayberg HS, Leiguarda R et al (1992) A prospective longitudinal study of depression, cognitive decline, and physical impairments in patients with Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 55(5):377–382CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  46. Stern Y, Marder K, Tang MX, Mayeux R (1993) Antecedent clinical features associated with dementia in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 43(9):1690–1692PubMedGoogle Scholar
  47. Stern Y, Mayeux R, Côté L (1984) Reaction time and vigilance in Parkinson’s disease. Possible role of altered norepinephrine metabolism. Arch Neurol 41(10):1086–1089PubMedGoogle Scholar
  48. Stern Y, Tetrud JW, Martin WR et al (1990) Cognitive change following MPTP exposure. Neurology 40(2):261–264PubMedGoogle Scholar
  49. Tiraboschi P, Hansen LA, Alford M et al (2000) Cholinergic dysfunction in diseases with Lewy bodies. Neurology 54(2):407–411PubMedGoogle Scholar
  50. Wang M, Vijayraghavan S, Goldman-Rakic PS (2004) Selective D2 receptor actions on the functional circuitry of working memory. Science 303(5659):853–856CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  51. Whitehouse PJ, Hedreen JC, White, CL 3rd, Price DL (1983) Basal forebrain neurons in the dementia of Parkinson disease. Ann Neurol 13(3):243–248CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag Italia 2009

Authors and Affiliations

  • Massimiliano Di Filippo
    • 1
    • 2
  • Paolo Calabresi
    • 1
    • 2
  1. 1.Clinica NeurologicaUniversità degli Studi di PerugiaPerugia
  2. 2.IRCCS Fondazione S. LuciaRoma

Personalised recommendations